OBJECTIVE To explore the ameliorative effect of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture on atherosclerosis and the potential role of long non-coding RNA(Linc RNA)in anti-atherosclerosis.METHODS A model of atherosclerosis was established in SD rats subjec-ted to a high-fat diet.At 4 weeks post-modeling,thoracic aortic tissues from atherosclerotic rats were collected for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining to systematically evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture at different doses.Biochemical kits were utilized to assess relevant indices related to blood lipid levels as well as liver and kidney function,thereby evaluating the impact of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture on these parameters.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to measure serum inflam-mation markers influenced by Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture.Additionally,TUNEL staining and Western blot analysis were conducted to ex-amine the apoptotic effects of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture on thoracic aorta tissue.Finally,qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of Line-HC,MALAT1,etc.,in order to evaluate how Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture affecting these specific RNA molecules.RESULTS Following treatment with Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture,the blood lipid profiles indicated that total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were up-regulated in the atherosclerotic rats.Moreover,serum levels of liver and kidney function markers such as aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and creatinine(Cr)exhibited down-regulation(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Additionally,pro-inflammatory factors including interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9)were also reduced(P＜0.01),whereas the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was found to be elevated(P＜0.01).Furthermore,after oral administration of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture,expression levels of apoptosis-related factors NLRP3,ASC,Cleaved Caspase-1,Cleaved IL-1 β,Puma,Bax,Noxa,and MDM2 in thoracic aorta tissues from the atherosclerotic rats showed sig-nificant down-regulation(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Notably,following treatment with Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture,mRNA levels of Linc-HC decreased while mRNA expression of MALAT1 increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture may inhibit the expression of Linc-HC and up-regulate the expression of MALAT1 to reduce the formation of atherosclerotic plaque,improve ab-normal blood lipids and liver and kidney function,alleviate inflammation and inhibit apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE To explore the ameliorative effect of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture on atherosclerosis and the potential role of long non-coding RNA(Linc RNA)in anti-atherosclerosis.METHODS A model of atherosclerosis was established in SD rats subjec-ted to a high-fat diet.At 4 weeks post-modeling,thoracic aortic tissues from atherosclerotic rats were collected for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining to systematically evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture at different doses.Biochemical kits were utilized to assess relevant indices related to blood lipid levels as well as liver and kidney function,thereby evaluating the impact of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture on these parameters.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to measure serum inflam-mation markers influenced by Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture.Additionally,TUNEL staining and Western blot analysis were conducted to ex-amine the apoptotic effects of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture on thoracic aorta tissue.Finally,qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of Line-HC,MALAT1,etc.,in order to evaluate how Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture affecting these specific RNA molecules.RESULTS Following treatment with Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture,the blood lipid profiles indicated that total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels were up-regulated in the atherosclerotic rats.Moreover,serum levels of liver and kidney function markers such as aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),and creatinine(Cr)exhibited down-regulation(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Additionally,pro-inflammatory factors including interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),and matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP-9)were also reduced(P＜0.01),whereas the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10)was found to be elevated(P＜0.01).Furthermore,after oral administration of Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture,expression levels of apoptosis-related factors NLRP3,ASC,Cleaved Caspase-1,Cleaved IL-1 β,Puma,Bax,Noxa,and MDM2 in thoracic aorta tissues from the atherosclerotic rats showed sig-nificant down-regulation(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Notably,following treatment with Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture,mRNA levels of Linc-HC decreased while mRNA expression of MALAT1 increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Tiaozhi Xiaoban Mixture may inhibit the expression of Linc-HC and up-regulate the expression of MALAT1 to reduce the formation of atherosclerotic plaque,improve ab-normal blood lipids and liver and kidney function,alleviate inflammation and inhibit apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE To compar e the volatile components of Cuscuta chinensis and its processed products ，and to conduct principal component analysis （PCA）. METHODS The volatile components of C. chinensis ，C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater ， C. chinensis stir-frying with wine were identified by headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. The relative percentage of each component was calculated by area normalization method. The PCA was conducted by using SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS A total of 117 compounds were identified from C. chinensis ，C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater and C. chinensis stir-frying with wine ，of which 68 compounds were identified from C. chinensis （relative percentage of 92.41％），such as phytone ，2-methoxy-3-（2-propenl）phenol，n-pentadecane，β-caryophyllene. Sixty compounds （relative percentage of 89.41％） were identified from C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater ，such as maltol ，2，3-dihydro- benzofuran，4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol. Fifty-eight compounds （relative percentage of 87.02％）were identified from C. chinensis stir-frying with wine ，such as phenylethanol ，β-caryophyllene，macrocarehe D. There were 24 common components in the three ， and relative percentage of them were 38.56％，30.61％，33.07％，respectively. After processing ，there were 49 new components ， such as furfural ，n-hexanoic acid ，caryophyllene oxide. The results of PCA showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the former two principal components was 100％ ；comprehensive score of volatile components of C. chinensis was the highest ， followed by C. chinensis stir-frying with wine and C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater. CONCLUSIONS The quality of volatile components in C. chinensis is good ；the volatile components in processed products are more than those in C. chinensis .

Objective:To compare the differences of children’ s health in different area, and to confirm if the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms among children are closely associated with the air pollution. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area A and a suburban area B with different levels of air pollution in Beijing. Using a cluster sampling method, we recruited 4 564 chil-dren from 3 primary schools in urban A and 4 primary schools in suburban B. Respiratory symptoms were investigated using an international standardized questionnaire including characteristics of children, living conditions, respiratory diseases and symptoms and situation of parents. The concentrations of air pollu-tants for recent five years were obtained from Reports on the Quality of the Beijing Environment. SPSS 16. 0 was used to analyze data. Results: The prevalence of cough, persistent cough, phlegm, persistent phlegm, wheeze and asthma in A area were higher than those in B area[(62. 2% vs. 59. 9%), (6. 3%vs. 3. 1%), (42. 4% vs. 37. 4%),(3. 6% vs. 2. 4%),(13. 3% vs. 9. 9%) and(9. 5% vs. 5. 4%)]. Except for cough, cough with cold, cough without cold, the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symp-toms in A area were significantly higher than those in B area ( P <0 . 05 ) . Logistic regression analysis showed the prevalence of persistent cough, phlegm without cold, asthma in A area were significantly higher than those in B area ( P<0 . 05 ) . Conclusion:Respiratory diseases and symptoms among school-age children were closely associated with the level of air pollution.

The combination of medical humanistic spirit and medical scientific spirit is the sign of the maturity of medicine.The modern medical mode of ' biology-psychology-society-environment' sets new requirements for medical humanistic education.Clinic medical postgraduates,the front -line medical workers,play a very important role in medical work,but they show huge deficiency in interpersonal communication,humanistic knowledge and humanistic possession nowadays.The paper tried to draw some lessons from the successful education mode of George Washington university and discussed practicable methods to improve humanistic education among medical postgraduates aiming at cultivating qualified medical workers who have both noble medical ethics and perfect medical technology and ability.

0.999) . The limit of detection was 4.0 ?10-4 ?g. The relative standard deviation was 0.9%-7.5% and the desorption efficiency of DMF was 86.5%-94.0%. Conclusion The method is applicable to the determination of DMF in the air.