OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qiwei dongqingye powder （QDP） on bronchial asthma in mice. METHODS The mice were divided into blank group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， dexamethasone group （2 mg/kg）， and QDP low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （200， 400， 800 mg/kg）， with 14 mice in each group. Except for the blank group， mice in all other groups were given ovalbumin via intraperitoneal injection followed by aerosol inhalation to induce a bronchial asthma model. During the modeling process， mice in each group were administered corresponding drug solutions or normal saline intragastrically/intraperitoneally. After the last medication， the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of the mice was observed and counted； the pathological changes of the bronchus and lung tissue were observed； the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， nitric oxide （NO）， total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the lung tissue of the mice were determined， and the level of interleukin-17 （IL-17） in the BALF and serum was determined. Transcriptomics was employed to predict and validate the mechanism of action of QDP against bronchial asthma. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the total cell count， neutrophil count， lymphocyte count， and macrophage counts in the BALF of the QDP high-dose group were all significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）； the levels of MDA and NO in the lung tissue， and the levels of IL-17 in the BALF and serum were all decreased significantly （ P ＜0.05）； the levels of T-SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）； the arrangement of lung tissue cells tended to normalize， with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and decreased exfoliation of bronchial simple columnar epithelial cells. The transcriptomic results revealed that the differentially expressed genes were B-cell receptor signaling pathway， nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， ferroptosis signaling pathway， and others. Further validation revealed that， compared with the model group， the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and chemokine ligand 20， as well as the phosphorylation level of NF-κB inhibitor protein α， were significantly decreased in the lung tissues of the mice in all QDP groups （ P ＜0.05）. Conversely， the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） and heme oxygenase 1 （HO-1） were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS QDP can effectively alleviate bronchial asthma by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway， regulating oxidative stress， and reducing inflammatory responses.

Achondroplasia (ACH) is a common inherited skeletal dysplasia (inherited dwarfism) that compromises quality of life across the lifespan. In 2021, vosoritide became the first approved precision therapy for ACH and is now available in more than 40 countries. Compared with prior symptomatic measures, vosoritide has demonstrated favorable efficacy and a reassuring safety profile. Nevertheless, existing international ACH guidelines largely emphasize complication management and symptomatic care, and there is no unified consensus on pharmacologic therapy. To address this gap, an international expert group developed the International Consensus Guidelines for the Implementation and Monitoring of Vosoritide Therapy in Patients with Achondroplasia providing systematic recommendations that span the continuum of care - from initial patient contact and pre-treatment assessment to medication counseling, injection training, and long-term outcome monitoring. These recommendations complement and refine current management and nursing protocols for individuals with ACH and offer practical guidance for clinicians across diverse regions. This article highlights key elements of the guideline to provide evidence-based support and clinical direction for healthcare professionals in China treating children with ACH using vosoritide.
Humans ; Achondroplasia/drug therapy* ; Consensus ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Child

ObjectiveTo explore the potential mechanism of Dingchuan Granule （定喘颗粒， DG） in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） pneumonia. MethodsA total of 60 male Sprague Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into control group， model group， ribavirin group， DG low-dose group， DG middle-dose group， and DG high-dose group， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group， rats were administrated with RSV via intranasal drip. After model establishment， the DG low-， middle-， and high-dose groups were administrated via oral gavage with DG at 3.47， 6.93， and 13.86 g/（kg·d） respectively， while the ribavirin group was administrated via oral gavage with ribavirin at 15.75 mg/（kg·d）. The drug was given once daily for one week. The rats in the control group and the model group were not given any drug， only subjected to the grasping action. Twenty-four hours after the last administration， the pathological changes of lung tissues were observed and scored using HE staining. The levels of serum inflammatory factors， including tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6）， were detected by colorimetry. The protein levels of nuclear factor （erythroid derived 2）-like 2 （Nrf2）， Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， heme oxygenase 1 （HO-1）， and NAD（P）H quinone dehydrogenase 1 （NQO1） in lung tissues were measured by Western Blot. The RSV load as well as the gene expression levels of Nrf2， Keap1， HO-1， and NQO1 in lung tissues were determined by qRT-PCR. The level of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in rat lung tissues was detected using chemiluminescence. The levels of glutathione （GSH） and malondialdehyde （MDA） in rat lung tissues were measured by a microassay. ResultsCompared with the control group， other groups had significant increases in pathological score of lung tissue， RSV load， levels of ROS， MDA， serum TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6； decrease in GSH level， increases in expression level of Keap1 protein and its mRNA in lung tissue， and significant decrease in levels of Nrf2， HO-1， expression level of NQO1 protein and its mRNA （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， all the above-mentioned indicators in the DG low-， middle-， and high-dose groups and the ribavirin group were improved to varying degree （P＜0.05）. The levels of serum TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 in rats of DG dose groups showed a dose-dependent pattern， the DG high-dose group exhibiting the best effect （P＜0.05）. The DG high-dose group was superior to the DG low- and middle-dose groups in reducing the levels of ROS and MDA， and increasing the level of GSH in lung tissues （P＜0.05）. The DG high-dose group and the ribavirin group had better effect than the DG middle-dose group in reducing the RSV load （P＜0.05）. The DG high-dose group was superior to the ribavirin group in improving the protein levels of Nrf2， Keap1， HO-1， and NQO1 （P＜0.05）. ConclusionDG could inhibit oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway to improve pulmonary inflammation and treat RSV pneumonia， with the DG high-dose group showing the best effect.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the rules of acupoint selection and compatibility of acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of chronic cough using data mining. METHODS: The ancient and modern medical record cloud platform, and the databases, i.e. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, EMbase, Web of Science and PubMed, were searched to screen the ancient and modern literature on acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of chronic cough. The prescription database was established for acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of chronic cough, and the analysis conducted on the frequency and use percentage in the aspects of intervention measures, acupoint selection, acupoint distribution, meridian tropism, special points and acupoint combination, as well as the association rules and clustering rules of acupoint selection. The subgroup analysis was performed in accordance with the etiology of chronic cough and intervention measures. RESULTS: A total of 106 articles were included and 158 prescriptions were extracted. The intervention measures were acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medication and the combination of several measures. The high-frequency acupoints included Feishu (BL13), Zusanli (ST36), Dazhui (GV14), Pishu (BL20), Danzhong (CV17), Shenshu (BL23), Lieque (LU7), Dingchuan (EX-B1), Tiantu (CV22), and Fenglong (ST40). These acupoints are mainly distributed on the back, lumbar region, chest and abdomen. The involved meridians were bladder meridian of foot-taiyang, conception vessel, and lung meridian of hand-taiyin. The special points covered back-shu points, crossing points and five-shu point. Regarding the compatibility of acupoints, the combination of upper and lower points, and the combination of front and back points were predominant in treatment. The analysis of association rules found that the support of Feishu (BL13)→Zusanli (ST36) was the highest; the cluster analysis obtained 8 clusters of acupoints. The acupoint compatibility and overall rules were similar when cough variant asthma (CVA) or the mixed reasons were involved, and the local treatment approach was adopted if the etiology of disease was related to upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) and gastroesophageal reflux cough (GERC). The acupoint selection was similar among different intervention measures. When two kinds of measures were combined in treatment, Feishu (BL13), Pishu (BL20) and Zusanli (ST36) were the most common. CONCLUSION In treatment with acupuncture and moxibustion for chronic cough, the acupoints are selected on the affected local area, depending on syndrome differentiation, and focusing on back-shu points. The main acupoints are Feishu (BL13), Zusanli (ST36), Dazhui (GV14), Pishu (BL20), Danzhong (CV17) and Shenshu (BL23). The combined therapy is dominant with acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine involved.
Acupuncture Points ; Moxibustion/history* ; Humans ; Cough/history* ; Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Chronic Disease/therapy* ; Data Mining ; History, Ancient ; Meridians ; Chronic Cough

Objective:To investigate the anti-fatigue effect of Dendrobium and Panax Quinquefolius Granules(DPQG)on the overtrained mice,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 48 mice were randomly divided into control group(equal volume of distilled water),low dose of DPQG group(400 mg·kg-1 DPQG),medium dose of DPQG group(800 mg·kg-1 DPQG),and high dose of DPQG group(1 600 mg·kg-1 DPQG).The DPQG were administered by gavage for 35 d,and the rotarod test and swimming endurance test were performed 30 min after last administration.Serum,liver tissue,and muscle tissue were collected from the mice in various groups.ELISA method was used to detect the serum lacticacid(LAC)levels and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activities,and the malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activities,and the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen levels in muscle tissue of the mice in various groups;HE staining was used to observe the pathomorphology of muscle tissue of the mice.Transcriptomics and metabolomics technologies were used to identify the key genes and metabolites in muscle tissue of the mice in control group and high dose of DPQG group and to analyze the correlations between differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and differentially expressed metabolites.Results:Compared with control group,the rod turning exhaustion time of the mice in different doses of DPQG groups were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the swimming exhaution time of the mice in high dose of DPQG group was increased(P＜0.05).Compared with control group,the LDH,SOD,and GSH-Px activities of the mice in medium and high doses of DPQG groups were increased(P＜0.01).Compared with control group,the levels of MDA and liver glycogen of the mice in medium and high doses of DPQG groups were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The transcriptomics sequencing results showed that DPQG mainly acted on DEGs such as Trib3 and Olfr495;the Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in olfactory-related processes and signaling pathways;the metabolomics KEGG analysis results showed that the differential metabolites were mainly enriched in the regulation pathway of inflammatory mediators on tryptophan(TRP);the combined analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics results showed that the piezo1 gene had high correlations with the differential metabolites β1-solamarine(r=-1,P＜0.05)and tilidine(r=1,P＜0.05).Conclusion:DPQG can exert an anti-fatigue effect on the overtrained mice by modulating LAC metabolism and glycogen homeostasis,as well as maintaining the oxidative/antioxidant balance in the body;its anti-fatigue mechanism is related to the Olfr495 and piezo1 genes and the regulation pathway of inflammatory mediators on TRP channels.

Objective This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Urumqi City, Xinjiang from 2014 to 2022, in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of HFMD in Urumqi City. Methods We collected and analyzed the reported HFMD cases in Urumqi City from the National Information System for Infectious Diseases Reporting during the period of 2014-2022. Results A total of 17 138 cases of HFMD were reported in Urumqi City from 2014 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 52.66/100 000. The overall trend showed a decrease, and the peak months were from May to July. The top three districts with the highest incidence rates were High-tech Zone, Shayibake District, and Tianshan District. The male-to-female ratio was 1.48:1，and there were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates among gender (χ²=2.28,P>0.05). The majority of cases (90.23%) were children aged 0-6 years, primarily scattered children, and other enterovirus strains became dominant after 2017. Conclusion HFMD has shown a decreasing trend in Urumqi City, Xinjiang in recent years. The disease primarily affects pre-school children, and other enterovirus strains have become the dominant strains in the area. It is recommended to develop scientifically effective prevention and control measures based on the local situation to control the spread of HFMD.

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment based on International Classification of Diseases, the 11th Revision (ICD-11), and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsA PICO framework was constructed. Thematic keyword searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang data, for literature on the effect of active music therapy on cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment, published up to November 5th, 2023. Information on authors, countries, publication date, sample characteristics, study designs, intervention methods, measurement tools and outcomes were extracted. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. ResultsEight researches from six countries were included, which were all randomized controlled trials involving 356 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The articles were published from 2014 to 2020, with an average of 7.4 of the PEDro scale. Active music therapy was used by singing and playing instruments. Interventions took place in hospitals, nursing homes, and health centers. The intervention duration ranged from mostly 30 to 60 minutes a time, with a few 120 minutes a time. Interventions were implemented mostly one to three times a week, lasting from eight to twelve weeks. Health outcomes focused on cognitive function, including overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function. ConclusionA theoretical framework for the benefits of active music therapy on the cognitive function for older adults with cognitive impairment has been constructed based on ICD-11 and ICF. Active music therapy can improve overall cognitive function, executive function, attention function and memory function for older adults with cognitive impairment.

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of the health benefits of mindfulness interventions for older adults with insomnia disorders. MethodsThematic keyword search was conducted in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data, for literature on the impact of mindfulness intervention on sleep quality in older adults with insomnia disorders, published up to August, 2023. The methodological quality of the researches was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Insomnia disorders, sleep function and mindfulness interventions were coded using International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and International Classification of Health Interventions Beta-3； and a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA. ResultsNine researches from four countries were included, involving 800 participants, and all the researches were randomized controlled trials. The average score of PEDro scale was 7.1. The health-related conditions were insomnia disorders and insomnia disorders complicated with mild cognitive impairment. Mindfulness interventions used included mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia, mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness meditation. Interventions were implemented in institutions or health centers, care facilities, and community health service centers, varying from six to eight weeks. Health benefits of mindfulness intervention included improvements in sleep quality and psychological and behavioral health. ConclusionMindfulness interventions effectively improve sleep quality in older adults with insomnia disorders, alleviate negative emotional states such as depression, anxiety and perceived stress, and improve the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of erector spinae plane block on ultrasound-based hemodynamic parameters of the arteries of the four limbs and biochemical stress indicators in patients with thoracoscopic lobectomy. Methods A total of 120 patients with thoracoscopic lobectomy were randomly divided into study group and control group, with 60 cases in each group.The study group received erector spinae plane block during surgery, while the control group received conventional anesthesia measures.Pulmonary function indicators[peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁)], ultrasound-based hemodynamic parameters of the arteries of the four limbs (maximum systolic velocity, minimum diastolic velocity, mean velocity, arterial pulsatility index, and arterial resistance index), stress indicators[cortisol (Cor), norepinephrine (NE), angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)], and analgesic effect were compared between the two groups at different time points[before anesthesia induction (T₀), after extubation (T₁), and after drainage tube removal (T₂)]. Results FEV₁, FVC and PEFR in both groups were significantly lower at T₁ and T₂ than at T₀, and FEV₁, FVC and PEFR in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group at T₁ and T₂(P < 0.05).The maximum systolic velocity and arterial resistance index in both groups were significantly lower at T₁ and T₂ than at T₀, while the minimum diastolic velocity, mean velocity and arterial pulsatility index were significantly higher at T₁ and T₂ than at T₀(P < 0.05).The maximum systolic velocity and arterial resistance index in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group at T₁ and T₂, but the minimum diastolic velocity, mean velocity and arterial pulsatility index were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).Cor, ACTH, Ang Ⅱ and NE in both groups were significantly higher at T₂ than at T₀, and Cor, ACTH, Ang Ⅱ and NE in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group at T₂(P < 0.05).The Prince-Henry pain score, effective compression times, and actual compression times in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Application of erector spinae plane block in thoracoscopic lobectomy causes smaller fluctuations in hemodynamic parameters of the arteries of four limbs and biochemical stress indicators, with a better anesthetic effect.

Objectives:To verify the reliability and validity of the frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia and to evaluate the value of its clinical application.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to collect 129 geriatric patients who underwent inguinal hernia surgery from January 2018 to January 2023 in nine hospitals in Liaoning Province. There were 120 males and 9 females, of whom 89 patients were 60 to <75 years old, 33 patients were 75 to <85 years old and 7 patients were ≥85 years old. The 129 patients included 11 elderly patients with inguinal hernia who had recovered from preoperative infection with COVID-19. Statistical methods such as Cronbach′s coefficient, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test, Bartlett′s test, Pearson′s correlation analysis, etc. were calculated to verify the reliability indexes such as feasibility, content validity, structural validity, criterion-related validity, internal consistency reliability, and re-test reliability. Taking the 5-item modified frailty index (5-mFI) as the gold standard, the area under the curve was used to analyze the ability of the two scales to predict the occurrence of postoperative acute urinary retention, postoperative delirium, poor incision healing, operative hematoma seroma, and postoperative complications.Results:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia showed good reliability and validity (valid completion rate of 99.2%; item content validity index of 1.000, and the scale content validity index of 1.000; exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of 1 principal component, and factor loadings of each item of 0.565 to 0.873; the AUC for frailty diagnosis using 5-mFI as the gold standard of 0.795 ( P<0.01) Cronbach′s coefficient of 0.916, retest reliability coefficient of 0.926), it could effectively predict postoperative acute urinary retention, delirium, hematoma seroma in the operative area and total complications (AUC of 0.746, 0.870, 0.806, and 0.738, respectively; all P<0.05), and prediction efficiency was higher than that of 5-mFI (AUC of 0.694, 0.838, 0.626 and 0.641, P<0.05 for delirium only), but both scales were inaccurate in predicting poor incision healing (AUC of 0.519, P=0.913 for the frailty assessment scale and 0.455, P=0.791 for the 5-mFI). Conclusions:The frailty assessment scale for elderly patients with inguinal hernia is reliable and significantly predicts the occurrence of postoperative adverse events in elderly inguinal hernia patients. The scale can also be used for preoperative frailty assessment in elderly patients with inguinal hernia after rehabilitation from COVID-19 infection.