Exposure of airborne particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 lm (PM2.5) is epidemiologically associated with lung dysfunction and respiratory symptoms, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis is currently poorly understood. Herein, using a PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model, we found that PM2.5 exposure leads to aberrant mRNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) gain and loss in fibrotic lung tissues. Moreover, we showed the m5C-mediated regulatory map of gene functions in pulmonary fibrosis after PM2.5 exposure. Several genes act as m5C gain-upregulated factors, probably critical for the development of PM2.5-induced fibrosis in mouse lungs. These genes, including Lcn2, Mmp9, Chi3l1, Adipoq, Atp5j2, Atp5l, Atpif1, Ndufb6, Fgr, Slc11a1, and Tyrobp, are highly related to oxidative stress response, inflammatory responses, and immune system processes. Our study illustrates the first epitranscrip-tomic RNA m5C profile in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis and will be valuable in identifying biomarkers for PM2.5 exposure-related lung pathogenesis with translational potential.

Objective To investigate the expression of hsa-miR-144 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to detect the hsa-miR-144 in 46 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue. The expression of hsa-miR-144 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its difference in the clinicopatho?logical characteristics including gender, age, and tumor size were investigated. The relationship between the expression of hsa-miR-144 and prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to analyse the differences in survival rates in different pathological characteristics. Results The ex?pression level of hsa-miR-144 was lower in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 0.97(0.22-24.48)×10-6 than that of adjacent normal tissue 8.60(0.09-258.20)×10-6, the difference was statistically significant (Z=2.221, P<0.05). The expression level of hsa-miR-144 was higher in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with no lymph node metastasis than that in esophageal squa?mous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (Z=2.758,P<0.05), and the expression level decreased with the increase in the pathological staging (Z=7.737,P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the expression levels of hsa-miR-144 between different gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, tumor differentiation and tumor invasion depth (all P>0.05). There was no correlation between the expression of hsa-miR-144 and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcino?ma (rs=0.031, P=0.839). In the survival rate, there was no statistic significance between high expressive of hsa-miR-144 group and low expressive group (P=0.828). The survival rate was lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than that of pa?tients without lymph node metastasis. The survival rates were lower in patients with relatively deep invasion and higher patho?logic stage (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of hsa-miR-144 is down regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcino?ma, and which is associated with lymph node metastasis and pathological staging of esophageal carcinoma. It shows that hsa-miR-144 may serve as an anti-oncogene in the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; mortality ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; mortality ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Prognosis

Objective To investigate the application prospective of carboxyfullerene C_3 as a radioprotectant or assistant for tumor radiotherapy.Methods Different concentrations of C_3 were incubated with K562 and AHH-1 cell,CCK-8 assay and trypan blue rejection test were performed to examine the influence of C_3 on the cell viability.Annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry assay were applied to assess the cell cycle and apoptosis after 7-ray irradiation.Results C_3 showed little toxicity to AHH-1 cell with the survival rate over 95% ,but 600 mg/L of C_3 markedly inhibited the growth of K562 cell (82%) .Pretreatment of 100 mg/L C_3 significantly increased the survival rate of AHH-1 cell after 4 Gy irradiation compared with the single radiation group(71.3% vs 90.3%) ,but decreased the apoptosis rate (26.3% vs 12.6%) ,while the survival rate of K562 cell was decreased and the apoptosis rate was elevated with the increase of C_3 concentration.Moreover,the cell cycle analysis revealed the G_2 phase block in AHH-1 cell after radiation exposure was mitigated by C_3 pretreatment,but that in K562 cell was aggravated.Conclusions C_3 has good radioprotective effects on AHH-1 cells.For K562 cell,C_3 could inhibit the cell proliferation,promote the radiation induced apoptosis and aggravate the G_2 phase block.

Objective To examine the expression of angiopoietin-2(Ang-2) in squamous carcinoma of esophagus,and discuss the relationship between Ang-2 and microvessel density(MVD)and clinical pathological features of squamous carcinoma of esophagus.Method The expression of Ang-2 and CD34 in 80 squamous careinoma of esophagus and 25 normal esophagus were detected by immunohistochemistry SABC technique,and the MVD of tissues signed by CD34 was counted.Results The expression of Ang-2 in squamous carcinoma of esophagus was,higher than that in normal esophagus (P<0.05).The expression of Ang-2 in the stage O-I and II squamous carcinoma of esophagus was lower than that in stage Ⅲ and lV(P<0.05).The expression of Ang-2 in squamous carcinoma of esophagus was correlated with differentiation of esophageal carcinoma and lymph node metastasis and infiltrative deepness.There was a remarkable posidve correlation between the expression of Ang-2 and MVD in squamous carcinoma of esophagus (r=0.603,P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of Ang-2 may be elated to the development of squamous carcinoma of esopha- gus,and may promote the development of squamous carcinoma of esophagus by promoting angiogenesis in tumor.

Objective To investigate the expression of PTEN and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in esophageal carcinoma and the relationship between their expression.Methods The expression of PTEN and VEGF were detected using immunohistochemical S-P method.Results Among 80 cases of esophageal carcino- ma,31 showed positive staining of PTEN (38.75%),while all 20 case of normal mucosa showed positiva staimng of PTEN.The expression level of PTEN in highly differentiated squamous carcinoma was higher than that low differ- entiated squamous carcinoma.Also,the expression of PTEN was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (r=0.61,P<0.01)and differentiation(r=0.57.P<0.05).In 80 cases of esophageal carcinoma,57(70.13%) were of positive staining of VEGF,while in 20 of normal esophageal mucosa,only 3 showed positive staining of VEGF.The expression of VEGF was markedly correlated with infiltrative deepness(r=0.49,P<0.05)and lymph node metastasis(r=0.55,P<0.05)and differentiation(r=0.48,P<0.05).Conclusion Combined detection of PTEN and VEGF maybe helpful to evaluate prognosis and infiltrative capability of esophageal carcinoma,with sig- nificant importance to the prediction of the prognosis of esophageal carcinoam.

OBJECTIVE:To study the supercritical CO2 fluid extraction(SFE-CO2)technology of Olibanum.METHODS:The optimum extraction technology was obtained through orthogonal test with the content of acetic octylester determined by GC and taken as index for the evaluation of the technology.RESULTS:The optimal conditions were as follows:pressure 25 MPa,temperature 60℃ and extraction time 3h.CONCLUSION:The process of SFE-CO2 is suitable for Olibanum extraction.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the optimal technical condition for the extraction of volatile oil from the volatile herbs of Huoxiang zhengqi prescription with supercritical CO2 fluid(SFE-CO2).METHODS:The technical condition for the extraction of volatile oil from the volatile herbs of Huoxiang zhengqi prescription were optimized using L9(34)orthogonal design table with extraction pressure,the extraction temperature,the pressure and temperature of separator Ⅰ as factors and with the yield of the volatile oil as index.RESULTS:A highest extraction yield of volatile oil from the volatile herbs of Huoxiang zhengqi prescription was achieved(2.057%)under an optimal technical condition as follows:with extraction pressure at 25 MPa,the extraction temperature at 30 ℃,the pressure for separator Ⅰ at 9 MPa and the temperature of separator Ⅰ at 45 ℃.CONCLUSION:Extraction of volatile oil from the volatile herbs of Huoxiang zhengqi prescription by SFE-CO2 is characterized by high extraction yield,stable,pure operation,safe,and by which the biological activity of the volatile oil can be maintained,thus it is a potential extraction and separation method.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the way to improve the service quality of outpatient pharmacy.METHODS:The pharmaceutical work in the outpatient pharmacy was optimized applying the theory of system engineering.RESULTS:The working efficiency and service quality of outpatient pharmacy were improved significantly.CONCLUSIONS:The theory of system engineering lay a focus on the optimal holistic effect of the system.Excellent results were achieved on the same objective conditions,when the stable quality of drugs,intensive scientific management,coordinating the exterior and interior relationships and reasonable usage of workers were considered as the elements of the system.

OBJECTIVE:To extract volatile rose oil by the supercritical fluid extraction technology.METHODS:The optimum extraction technology condition was investigated by orthogonal experiment with extraction rate as the evaluation in?dex,and with the pressure,temperature of extraction and the flow of CO 2 as investigation factors(3levels of each were cho?sen).RESULTS:The optimum technology condition was the following:the extraction pressure was25MPa,the temperature was50℃and the flux of CO 2 was600L/h.CONCLUSION:The established method has the following merits:high extraction rate,fast speed,simple technics,pollution-free,pure extraction etc.