Rubi Fructus has a long history of medicinal and edible use in China. It contains chemical components such as terpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and alkaloids, and possesses various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anti-tumor, anti-osteoporosis, and liver-protective effects. Rubi Fructus is widely applied in medical, health, and food fields. The quality of Rubi Fructus can directly affect the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Rubi Fructus. Based on the concept of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) quality markers(Q-markers), the article explores the screening and determination of Q-markers for Rubi Fructus from various aspects, including plant kinship, traditional efficacy, medicinal properties, measurability of chemical composition, different processing methods, producing areas, harvesting periods, and planting conditions. The components ellagic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, astragalin, tiliroside, and hyperoside are preliminarily proposed as Q-markers for Rubi Fructus, providing a reference for the quality control of Rubi Fructus.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Rubus/chemistry* ; Fruit/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Animals

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of locally advanced rectal cancer patients with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopatholo-gical data of 46 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were admitted to 6 medical centers, including Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University et al, from June 2021 to November 2022 were collected. There were 29 males and 17 females, aged (61±4)years. Patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and under-went radical total mesorectal excision during 6-12 weeks after radiotherapy. Observation indicators: (1) comparison of clinical characteristics between pCR and non-pCR patients;(2) postoperative complications and adverse reactions of pCR and non-pCR patients. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribution between groups was conducted using the t test. Comparison of measurement data with skewed distribution between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:(1) Comparison of clinical characteristics between pCR and non-pCR patients. Before neoadjuvant therapy, there were 14 cases aged ≥50 years and 6 cases aged <50 years in pCR patients, versus 25 cases and 1 case in non-pCR patients, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). After neoadjuvant therapy, cases in clinical stage T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 were 11, 1, 5, 3, 0 for pCR patients versus 7, 4, 2, 11, 2 for non-pCR patients, cases of tumor regression grade 1, 2, 3, 4 were 11, 8, 1, 0 for pCR patients versus 7, 14, 4, 1 for non-pCR patients, cases in low-risk, medium-risk, high-risk of neoadjuvant rectal scoring and grading were 20, 0, 0 for pCR patients versus 4, 18, 4 for non-pCR patients, respectively, showing significant differences in above indicators between the two groups ( Z=-2.256, -2.104, -5.458, P<0.05). (2) Postoperative complications and adverse reactions of pCR and non-pCR patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 cases of pCR patients and 5 cases of non-pCR patients, postoperative adverse reactions occurred in 11 cases of pCR patients and 10 cases of non-pCR patients, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with locally advanced rectal cancer patients aged ≥50 years, those aged <50 years have significant benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy. Clinical T staging and magnetic resonance imaging-detected tumor regression grade after neoadjuvant therapy have predictive value for patients with pCR .

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of robot-assisted percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)versus manual PVP in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF),and explore the advantages of robotic assistance for clinical decision-making.Methods Patients who underwent single-level PVP for OVCF at the Department of Joint Surgery and Bone Tumor,Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,between April 2021 and April 2025 were enrolled.The robot group(n=29)and manual PVP group(control,n=88)were followed-up for 1 month.Parameters compared included:total hospital stay,operative time,cement volume,cement leakage rate,nerve injury rate,intraoperative fluoroscopy number,first-attempt success rate of puncture,postoperative versus preoperative anterior vertebral height difference,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores preoperatively,at 1-day and 1-month postoperatively.Results No statistically significant differences existed in baseline characteristics(gender,age,fracture-to-surgery interval,and fracture distribution)between groups(P>0.05).The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy times and the ODI index on the first day after surgery in the robot group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the first-attempt success rate of puncture was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the other parameters between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Both robot-assisted PVP and manual PVP have good clinical efficacy in the treatment of OVCF.Robot-assisted PVP can reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy times and may have more advantages in improving the first-attempt success rate of puncture and early postoperative lumbar function.However,its reliability needs to be further verified through large-sample randomized controlled studies with multivariate analysis.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of CT angiography(CTA)imaging and fluoroscopic fusion navigation techniques in left atrial appendage closure(LAAC).Methods A total of 82 patients underwent LAAC in this prospective study and were matched(1:1)according to whether they underwent image fusion or not.The fusion group(41 cases)consisted of patients who received LAAC with the support of CTA and X-ray fluoroscopy fusion technology;The non fusion group(41 cases)consisted of patients who underwent surgery using traditional surgical methods without the support of this technology.Record the intraoperative indicators,perioperative complications,and postoperative follow-up outcomes of both groups.Results The surgical time in the fusion group was significantly shorter than that in the non fusion group[(50.23±25.23)min vs.(65.71±29.15)min,P=0.012],The difference is statistically significant.Compared with the non fusion group,the fusion group significantly reduced the total radiation dose[(195.15±205.59)mGy vs.(351.08±196.54)mGy],dose area product[(22.47±20.05)Gy·cm2vs.(38.12±19.38)Gy·cm2],and X-ray fluoroscopy time[(9.03±3.58)min vs.(13.35±4.23)min].Correspondingly to the radiation dose,the amount of contrast agent used in the fusion group was also relatively reduced[(59.32±24.65)ml vs.(93.12±35.08)ml],and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.001).There was a significant difference in the rate of repeated interval puncture(2.44％vs.12.20％,P=0.090),but the difference was not statistically significant.Occluder implantation success rates were identical(100.00％vs.100.00％).No statistically significant differences in procedural complications were observed between the groups.Conclusions Three-dimensional CTA and fluoroscopic fusion navigation techniques are not only feasible and safe but also enhance the efficiency of LAAC procedures.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of robot-assisted percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)versus manual PVP in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures(OVCF),and explore the advantages of robotic assistance for clinical decision-making.Methods Patients who underwent single-level PVP for OVCF at the Department of Joint Surgery and Bone Tumor,Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University,between April 2021 and April 2025 were enrolled.The robot group(n=29)and manual PVP group(control,n=88)were followed-up for 1 month.Parameters compared included:total hospital stay,operative time,cement volume,cement leakage rate,nerve injury rate,intraoperative fluoroscopy number,first-attempt success rate of puncture,postoperative versus preoperative anterior vertebral height difference,Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)scores preoperatively,at 1-day and 1-month postoperatively.Results No statistically significant differences existed in baseline characteristics(gender,age,fracture-to-surgery interval,and fracture distribution)between groups(P>0.05).The number of intraoperative fluoroscopy times and the ODI index on the first day after surgery in the robot group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the first-attempt success rate of puncture was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the other parameters between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Both robot-assisted PVP and manual PVP have good clinical efficacy in the treatment of OVCF.Robot-assisted PVP can reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy times and may have more advantages in improving the first-attempt success rate of puncture and early postoperative lumbar function.However,its reliability needs to be further verified through large-sample randomized controlled studies with multivariate analysis.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of CT angiography(CTA)imaging and fluoroscopic fusion navigation techniques in left atrial appendage closure(LAAC).Methods A total of 82 patients underwent LAAC in this prospective study and were matched(1:1)according to whether they underwent image fusion or not.The fusion group(41 cases)consisted of patients who received LAAC with the support of CTA and X-ray fluoroscopy fusion technology;The non fusion group(41 cases)consisted of patients who underwent surgery using traditional surgical methods without the support of this technology.Record the intraoperative indicators,perioperative complications,and postoperative follow-up outcomes of both groups.Results The surgical time in the fusion group was significantly shorter than that in the non fusion group[(50.23±25.23)min vs.(65.71±29.15)min,P=0.012],The difference is statistically significant.Compared with the non fusion group,the fusion group significantly reduced the total radiation dose[(195.15±205.59)mGy vs.(351.08±196.54)mGy],dose area product[(22.47±20.05)Gy·cm2vs.(38.12±19.38)Gy·cm2],and X-ray fluoroscopy time[(9.03±3.58)min vs.(13.35±4.23)min].Correspondingly to the radiation dose,the amount of contrast agent used in the fusion group was also relatively reduced[(59.32±24.65)ml vs.(93.12±35.08)ml],and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.001).There was a significant difference in the rate of repeated interval puncture(2.44％vs.12.20％,P=0.090),but the difference was not statistically significant.Occluder implantation success rates were identical(100.00％vs.100.00％).No statistically significant differences in procedural complications were observed between the groups.Conclusions Three-dimensional CTA and fluoroscopic fusion navigation techniques are not only feasible and safe but also enhance the efficiency of LAAC procedures.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of locally advanced rectal cancer patients with pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopatholo-gical data of 46 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were admitted to 6 medical centers, including Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University et al, from June 2021 to November 2022 were collected. There were 29 males and 17 females, aged (61±4)years. Patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and under-went radical total mesorectal excision during 6-12 weeks after radiotherapy. Observation indicators: (1) comparison of clinical characteristics between pCR and non-pCR patients;(2) postoperative complications and adverse reactions of pCR and non-pCR patients. Comparison of measurement data with normal distribution between groups was conducted using the t test. Comparison of measurement data with skewed distribution between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:(1) Comparison of clinical characteristics between pCR and non-pCR patients. Before neoadjuvant therapy, there were 14 cases aged ≥50 years and 6 cases aged <50 years in pCR patients, versus 25 cases and 1 case in non-pCR patients, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). After neoadjuvant therapy, cases in clinical stage T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 were 11, 1, 5, 3, 0 for pCR patients versus 7, 4, 2, 11, 2 for non-pCR patients, cases of tumor regression grade 1, 2, 3, 4 were 11, 8, 1, 0 for pCR patients versus 7, 14, 4, 1 for non-pCR patients, cases in low-risk, medium-risk, high-risk of neoadjuvant rectal scoring and grading were 20, 0, 0 for pCR patients versus 4, 18, 4 for non-pCR patients, respectively, showing significant differences in above indicators between the two groups ( Z=-2.256, -2.104, -5.458, P<0.05). (2) Postoperative complications and adverse reactions of pCR and non-pCR patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 cases of pCR patients and 5 cases of non-pCR patients, postoperative adverse reactions occurred in 11 cases of pCR patients and 10 cases of non-pCR patients, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with locally advanced rectal cancer patients aged ≥50 years, those aged <50 years have significant benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy. Clinical T staging and magnetic resonance imaging-detected tumor regression grade after neoadjuvant therapy have predictive value for patients with pCR .

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

Aiming to improve the standardized screening, diagnosis, and treatment of depressive disorders in China, promote the standardization of clinical practice, and enhance the prevention and intervention of depressive disorders in China, the Chinese Society of Psychiatry of the Chinese Medical Association, and the National Center for Mental Disorders & the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(affiliated with The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University)have jointly initiated the Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Depressive Disorders: 2024 Edition. The Peking University Center for Evidence-Based Medical and Clinical Research will provide methodological support. The Guidelines Development Committee will follow international standards for developing and reporting guidelines, build a multidisciplinary team of experts, and adopt the GRADE method to develop an evidence-based guideline for the prevention and management of depressive disorders in China. This proposal introduces the significance and purpose of developing a new edition of the guideline, the methods of evidence retrieval and quality evaluation, the process of guideline development, and the plan for publication, implementation, and dissemination of the guideline.

OBJECTIVE: To derive the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome classification and subgroup syndrome characteristics of ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: By extracting the CM clinical electronic medical records (EMRs) of 7,170 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke from 2016 to 2018 at Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Province, China, a patient similarity network (PSN) was constructed based on the symptomatic phenotype of the patients. Thereafter the efficient community detection method BGLL was used to identify subgroups of patients. Finally, subgroups with a large number of cases were selected to analyze the specific manifestations of clinical symptoms and CM syndromes in each subgroup. RESULTS: Seven main subgroups of patients with specific symptom characteristics were identified, including M3, M2, M1, M5, M0, M29 and M4. M3 and M0 subgroups had prominent posterior circulatory symptoms, while M3 was associated with autonomic disorders, and M4 manifested as anxiety; M2 and M4 had motor and motor coordination disorders; M1 had sensory disorders; M5 had more obvious lung infections; M29 had a disorder of consciousness. The specificity of CM syndromes of each subgroup was as follows. M3, M2, M1, M0, M29 and M4 all had the same syndrome as wind phlegm pattern; M3 and M0 both showed hyperactivity of Gan (Liver) yang pattern; M2 and M29 had similar syndromes, which corresponded to intertwined phlegm and blood stasis pattern and phlegm-stasis obstructing meridians pattern, respectively. The manifestations of CM syndromes often appeared in a combination of 2 or more syndrome elements. The most common combination of these 7 subgroups was wind-phlegm. The 7 subgroups of CM syndrome elements were specifically manifested as pathogenic wind, pathogenic phlegm, and deficiency pathogens. CONCLUSIONS There were 7 main symptom similarity-based subgroups in ischemic stroke patients, and their specific characteristics were obvious. The main syndromes were wind phlegm pattern and hyperactivity of Gan yang pattern.
Humans ; Syndrome ; Ischemic Stroke ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Liver ; Phenotype