Dengue remains a public health threat that consumes a significant number of resources for its prevention and control. This systematic review aimed to solidify recent costing evidence in dengue management among South East Asian (SEA) countries. All studies conducted between 2010 and 2020 were retrieved using four international databases i.e. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Emerald Insight. The review was reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessments were done independently by two reviewers using a checklist adapted for the cost of illness studies. We identified 13 original articles representing several SEA countries. Among the common reported costing measure include total cost/ health expenditure; direct medical cost; direct non-medical cost; and indirect cost. The estimated total cost for dengue management varied between countries largely due to the difference in the total incidence of dengue cases. The estimated cost spent on dengue per capita GDP ranges from less than 0.001% to 0.1%, depending on the recorded number of dengue cases of the year. The majority of the articles focused on the economic burden from the perspective of treatment such as hospitalization and ambulatory care. In a nutshell, the economic burden of managing dengue infection is costly and the evidence suggests a steady increase in health expenditure with the growing number of dengue cases

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the worldwide medical education system was affected tremendously due to the suspension of clinical activities and lockdown to prevent the spread of the disease. The delivery of clinical training was modified to alternative methods including online classrooms, recorded video, use of simulated patients and hybrid teaching. Several institutions worldwide chose to postpone their scheduled examination, which requires physical attendance or opted for virtual examination. Malaysian centralised postgraduate orthopaedic exit examination was postponed in 2020 and later recommenced in 2021 with three different centres across the country: north, east and central Malaysia. This article describes the preparation and challenges faced in conducting a face-to-face clinical exit examination for postgraduate orthopaedic candidates in Universiti Putra Malaysia in May 2021, during the Conditional Movement Control Order phase. The examination was a success, and no outbreak of COVID-19 was reported from the event.

The increasing number of drug-resistant pathogens is a global issue and becoming worse because it has reduced the effectiveness of current antibiotics in the management of infectious diseases. Therefore, this situation highlights the urgency of an action plan to identify and develop novel and potent antimicrobials derived from natural resources. Therapeutic compounds from natural resources can offer novel, straightforward approaches against pathogenic bacteria with the least toxic manifestations and a low risk of acquiring resistance. Marine organisms and coastal plants receive much interest among researchers nowadays for developing new pharmaceuticals because they are rich in secondary metabolites that have various pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, anti-cancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and others. This review's goal is to highlight the phytochemical components of marine organisms and coastal plants that might be accountable for their antibacterial properties that have been scientifically confirmed and can be potential aids in treating infectious diseases caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in humans.

Breast and hepatic cancers are the leading incidences in the globe occurring of the human sufferings from various cancers. Snake venoms have been reported to provide effective therapeutic agents. The current study investigates the anticancer potency of Egyptian venoms snakes on two cells: breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and hepato-cancer cells (HepG2) (In vitro assay). The examined venoms were more potent on MCF-7 than HepG2 cells. Their inhibition % on MCF-7 ranged from 71.47 to 99.02% with medium inhibition concentrations (IC50s): 3.48, 3.60, 3.70, 4.33, and 4.49 μg/ml for venoms: Echis pyramid (E.H), Cerastes vipera (C.V), Naja haje (N.H), Echis coloratus (E.C), and Cerastes cerastes (C.C), respectively. The values of IC50s on HepG2 were 4.32, 17.77, 59.72, 63.75, and 217.90 μg/ml for toxins: E.C, E.P, C.V, C.C, and N.H, respectively. Some biomarkers were conducted to investigate the apoptotic effects of toxins into the cells. Increasing profiles of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and levels of glutathione content (GSH) and malodialdhyde (MDA) as well as repairment of DNA indicated such these actions. So, more reliable investigations on these venoms were needed to provide intelligent therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian children and adolescents. Methods: This was a meta-analysis of prevalence using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method with a random effects model. A prediction interval was used to estimate true effects. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and 3 Indonesian databases (Indonesian Scientific Journal Database, Neliti, and Indonesia One Search). We included cross-sectional or case-control studies that provided data on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. We excluded case reports, case series, cohort studies, or studies outside Indonesia. We computed point prevalence by dividing the number of children with hypovitaminosis D by the total number of subjects in that study. This review was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) (CRD42022329814). Results: Of 1,397 manuscripts identified, 7 were included in this review. A total of 5,870 children were included in this meta-analysis, ranging in age from 6 months to 19 years. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Indonesia was calculated as 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9–56) and was higher in females (60% [95% CI, 58–62]) than in males (40% [95% CI, 38–42]). Mean serum vitamin D level was 22.74 ng/mL (95% CI, 16.95–30.51) with a prediction interval of 15.96 ng/mL to 29.52 ng/mL. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is a public health emergency in Indonesia. Strategies to detect and treat vitamin D deficiency in Indonesian children and adolescents should be implemented immediately.

Introduction: Hyaluronic acid (HA) has a long history and is widely used in cosmetics, medicine, and dermatology. This molecule is still considered relatively new in the field of dentistry. This study aimed to assess the application of HA in dental implant treatment. Method: Search in the multiple indexed databases such as Pubmed, COCHRANE, and Scopus was conducted up until August 2022 using the keywords “hyaluronic acid”, “hyaluronan,” and “dental implant.” Results: The literature search identified 816 articles, and 17 were selected in this study. Three domains of use of HA in dental implant treatment were identified: surface modification of implant surface, treatment after insertion of a dental implant, and bone graft/membrane material. There are eight randomized control trials and nine non-randomized control trials included in this study. Only six studies showed statistically significant results with HA groups. Conclusion: Overall, there are positive findings on the application of HA in dental implant treatment, showing it can be used in dental implantology, with multiple categories of uses.

Exoskeletons are wearable devices that can enhance human strength and are used in various fields, such as healthcare and the manufacturing industry. However, poorly designed exoskeletons can strain the muscles and cause injuries to users. The objectives of this review paper are to review the ergonomics factors that contribute to a harmonious user-exoskeleton interaction and to explore the current trends, challenges, and future directions for developing ergonomically designed exoskeletons. In this review, 102 relevant papers published from 2015 to 2023 were retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. These papers were considered in the analysis for gathering relevant information on the topic. The authors identified six ergonomics factors, namely kinematic compatibility, contact pressure, postural control, metabolic cost, cognitive workload, as well as task demands and workplace conditions, that can influence the interaction between users and exoskeletons. By understanding and addressing these ergonomics factors during the design and development process, exoskeleton designers can enhance the user experience and adoption of the devices in daily living activities and industrial applications.

Rare but serious thrombotic incidents in relation to thrombocytopenia, termed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), have been observed since the vaccine rollout, particularly among replication-defective adenoviral vector-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine recipients. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed and summarized reported studies of VITT following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination to determine its prevalence, clinical characteristics, as well as its management. A literature search up to October 1, 2021 using PubMed and SCOPUS identified a combined total of 720 articles. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline, after screening the titles and abstracts based on the eligibility criteria, the remaining 47 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 29 studies were included. Findings revealed that VITT cases are strongly related to viral vector-based vaccines, which are the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (95%) and the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine (4%), with much rarer reports involving messenger RNA-based vaccines such as the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (0.2%) and the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (0.2%). The most severe manifestation of VITT is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with 317 cases (70.4%) and the earliest primary symptom in the majority of cases is headache. Intravenous immunoglobulin and non-heparin anticoagulant are the main therapeutic options for managing immune responses and thrombosis, respectively. As there is emerging knowledge on and refinement of the published guidelines regarding VITT, this review may assist the medical communities in early VITT recognition, understanding the clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria as well as its management, offering a window of opportunity to VITT patients. Further larger sample size trials could further elucidate the link and safety profile.

Methods: We extracted reviews published in English and French in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two authors, working independently, subsequently screened the potentially relevant titles and abstracts recovered (step 1) and then examined relevant full texts (step 2). Disagreements were resolved by consensus. We built tables summarizing populations of exposed workers, types of hazards, types of outcomes (types of health issues, means of prevention), and routes of transmission. Results: Of 1426 studies initially identified, 79 studies by authors from every continent were selected, mostly published after 2010 (n = 63, 79.7%). About half of the reviews dealt with infectious hazards alone (n = 38, 48.1%). The industrial sectors identified involved healthcare alone (n = 16), laboratories (n = 10), agriculture (including the animal, vegetable, and grain sectors, n = 32), waste (n = 10), in addition of 11 studies without specific sectors. The results also highlighted a range of hazards (infectious and non-infectious agents, endotoxins, bioaerosols, organic dust, and emerging agents). Conclusion This systematized overview allowed to list the populations of workers exposed to biological hazards and underlined how prevention measures in the healthcare and laboratory sectors were usually well defined and controlled, although this was not the case in the agriculture and waste sectors. Further studies are necessary to quantify these risks and implement prevention measures that can be applied in every country.

Aims: Rhodotorula sp. (USM-PSY62) is a psychrophilic yeast isolated from Antarctic sea ice that grows optimally at 15°C. The inevitable global warming poses many challenges to the microbial community in Antarctica. Therefore, this studywas conceptualized to observe how USM-PSY62 adapted to fluctuations in temperature. Methodology and results : Rhodotorula sp. (USM-PSY62) was grown in YPD broth until the mid-log phase. Then, the culture was transferred to four different temperatures, specifically at 0 °C, 5 °C, 15 °C and 21 °C for 24 h. Then, the RNA was extracted, sequenced and analysed. During cold adaptation, an elevated transcription of the CorA magnesium transporter gene in USM-PSY62 indicated a higher requirement for magnesium ions to gain additional enzyme cofactors or maintain cytoplasmic fluidity. The HepA homologue coding for DNA/RNA helicase was also over-expressed with log fold change 2.89 in cold conditions possibly to reorganize secondary structures of DNA and RNA. An up-regulation of the catalase gene was also observed, reflecting an increment in the concentration of reactive oxygen species and fluctuations in the associated antioxidant system. The YOP1 gene, which encodes a membrane protein associated with protein transport and membrane traffic, was the most down-regulated, with log2 fold change values of -6.93 lower under cold shock conditions. The genes responsible for the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) have a -8.80 in expression log2 fold change, indicating the gene was down-regulated when the temperature was shifted to 0 °C. Upon cold shock, the gene for heat shock factor protein 1 (HSF1) was also down-regulated with a log2 fold change value of - 5.86. Hsf1 is a transcriptional regulator which regulates the heat shock responses. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: In conclusion, the transcriptomic responses demonstrated by Rhodotorula sp. USM-PSY62 characterized critical physiological and biochemical compensatory mechanisms especially cellular processes and signalling, information storage and processing, and metabolism to survive at low and high temperatures. This study provides valuable data for industry, especially in the usage of molecular chaperones.