The complement system plays a major role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). At present, complement component 3(C3) and component 4(C4) are the diagnostic markers in the internationally recognized standard of SLE classification. Complement C3 and C4 can play a role in the diagnosis of SLE patients, but they are not very specific diagnostic markers. Therefore, it is important to find more better biomarkers of SLE. In this review, the latest findings in complement-focused research in SLE were explored. Complement level, cell-bound complement activation products and membrane-bound complement regulatory proteins are associated with the pathogenesis of SLE. They may become SLE biomarkers and aid the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with this disease.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and proximal femoral nail antirotation-Ⅱ (PFNA-Ⅱ) in the internal fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the 54 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture who had been treated at our department from May 2009 through July 2014.During May 2009 and November 2011,27 of them were treated with PFNA;during December 2011 and July 2014,the other 27 of them were treated with PFNA-Ⅱ.The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time,intraoperative blood loss volume,hidden blood loss volume,intraoperative and postoperative complications,fracture healing time and Harris hip score at the last follow-up.Results In the PFNA group,27 patients were followed up for an average time of 22.6 ± 4.8 months.In the PFNA-Ⅱ group,27 patients were followed up for an average time of 19.5 ± 4.6 months.The PFNA group had significantly more intraoperative blood loss volume (130.1 ± 74.3 mL),and significantly higher rates of intraoperative lateral wall fracture of the proximal femur (18.5％,5/27),postoperative lateral thigh soft tissue irritation (22.2％,6/27) and postoperative thigh pain (22.2％,6/27) than the PFNA-Ⅱ group [46.3 ± 23.1 mL,0,3.7％ (1/27),3.7％ (1/27),respectively] (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in operation time,hidden blood loss,postoperative complications of internal diseases,fracture healing time,or Harris hip score of last follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with PFNA,PFNA-Ⅱ may lead to a smaller volume of intraoperative blood loss and a lower incidence of complications related to internal fixation.

Objective To explore the inhibitor of growth family member 4 (ING4) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)expression in colorectal cancer and the prognostic significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the ING4 and HIF-1α expression in 133 cases of colorectal cancer tissues and 76 cases of normal rectal tissues. Survival analysis was performed on the following data. Results ING4 in colorectal cancer tissues with positive rate (53.4%) was significantly lower than normal rectal tissue (85.5%) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01); HIF-1α in colorectal cancer tissues with positive rate (69.9%) is higher than normal rectal tissue (42.1%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01); ING4 and HIF-1αexpression was related with tumor differentiation, Dukes stage and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05); colorectal cancer tissues ING4 and HIF-1α expression was negatively correlated (r = -0.317, P < 0.001); By multivariate analysis, tumor differentiation, Dukes stage, lymph node metastasis, ING4 expression of HIF-1α expression has independent prognostic significance. Conclusion ING4 and HIF-1α may be involved in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer , and combined detection could help determine the prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Objective To conduct the comparative comprehensive evaluation on the actual healthy effects and safety of two kinds of healthy foods capsule A and B made of Chinese medicinal herbs on sale through the low-nutritional sub-health mice model com-bined with the benefit-damage index-general score(BDI-GS) approach ,and to perform the discussion on the relevant problems a-round healthy foods .Methods The experimental healthy ICR male mice during growth period were fed with maize low-nutritional feed and the mixed feed with 3 doses of 0 .25% ,0 .5% ,0 .75% healthy foods for 12 d and the mice body masses were recorded .Af-ter dissection ,9 items of the organ index and their BDI ,GS and serum biochemical indicators were performed the statistics .Results In the capsule A ,the medium and high dose groups manifested certain health-promoting effect ,while the slight negative effect exis-ted in the low dose group ,which was expressed in the GS values ;but in the capsule B ,3 doses all caused the damage to main internal organs in different degrees ,which was expressed in BDI<1 .0 and GS<9 .0 .Conclusion At present ,despite of possessing similar ingredients ,Chinese medicinal healthy foods in market are of greater differences in intrinsic qualities ,and even partial products have some adverse effect ,the healthy functions and safety are not enough to be fully ensured .Through the systematic evaluation of the BDI-GS system ,the criteria of marketing threshold for healthy foods will be increased so as to enhance their effects and safety level .

Objective To study the presence of drug resistant mutations of protease and reverse transcriptase among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 strains isolated from treatment naive HIV/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Heilongjiang Province of China and to provide the baseline data for starting antiretroviral therapy in this area. Methods The protease and reverse transcriptase gene sequences were amplified by nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then sequenced. The results were compared to the subtype B consensus amino acid sequence and analyzed with Stanford HIV-db drug resistance sequence interpretation. Results The results showed that HIV strains from 49 patients were classified as subtype B'. No primary mutations associated with protease inhibitor were detected. Some secondary mutations associated with protease inhibitor were detected, which included V77I(91.5%), L63P(76.6%), I93L(74.5%), E35D(61.7%), R57K (19.1%), R41K(10.6%), A71V(8.5%), M36I(8.5%), L10I(6.4%), D60E(6.4%), L89M (4.2%) and G16E(2. 1%). Only one case had a primary mutation M184I that was associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors. However, many secondary mutations associated with resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors were found, including I135L/T/R/V(81.8%), V106I(22.7%), V179D/E(11.4%), R211K(9.1%), L214F(4.5%), V189I(4.5%) and V108I(2. 3%).Conclusions The prevalence of genotypic anti-HIV drug resistance is very low in treatment naive HIV/AIDS patients in Heilongjiang Province. However, closely monitoring on drug resistance mutation is very important for preventing the development and prevalence of multi-drug resistant or cross drug resistant HIV.

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital ; surgery ; Tibia ; abnormalities ; surgery