With the introduction of new drugs, the treatment model for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) has changed from systemic chemotherapy to immunotherapy, targeted therapy and multidrug combination. In addition, re-irradiation and salvage surgery have shown good clinical efficacy in patients with local recurrence of light tumor load or organ metastases with local treatment conditions. This article reviews the treatment progress of R/M HNSCC, and emphasizes the individualized and precise treatment based on the patient's past treatment experience, current disease characteristics and immune and genetic status to provide rational recommendations for treatment selection of R/M HNSCC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the malignant tumors with a high mortality rate in China.Most of them were found in the middle and late stage,and missed the opportunity of surgery.Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of patients.With the development of ultrasound molecular imaging technology,targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound provides a new technical means for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.The application progresses of targeted ultrasound contrast imaging in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma are reviewed in this article.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the malignant tumors with a high mortality rate in China.Most of them were found in the middle and late stage,and missed the opportunity of surgery.Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of patients.With the development of ultrasound molecular imaging technology,targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound provides a new technical means for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.The application progresses of targeted ultrasound contrast imaging in diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma are reviewed in this article.

With the introduction of new drugs, the treatment model for recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) has changed from systemic chemotherapy to immunotherapy, targeted therapy and multidrug combination. In addition, re-irradiation and salvage surgery have shown good clinical efficacy in patients with local recurrence of light tumor load or organ metastases with local treatment conditions. This article reviews the treatment progress of R/M HNSCC, and emphasizes the individualized and precise treatment based on the patient's past treatment experience, current disease characteristics and immune and genetic status to provide rational recommendations for treatment selection of R/M HNSCC.

To investigate the effects of ORF9 gene of porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)on PK-15,eu-karyotic expression plasmid was constructed and transfected into PK-15 cells,and the effects of overexpression of ORF9 on proliferation,apoptosis and immunization of PK-15 cells were exam-ined by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR.The results showed that ORF9 gene overexpression signifi-cantly up-regulated the expression levels of the ER stress marker gene GRP78,increased the num-ber of S phase cells,accelerated cell cycle progression,increased the apoptosis rate of PK-15 cells,up-regulated the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes caspase-3,caspase-8,caspase-9,p53 and Bax(P＜0.01),down-regulated the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2,up-reg-ulated the expression levels of immune-related genes 1L-8,IL-10,NF-κB and TNF-α(P＜0.01),and down-regulated the expression levels of immune-related genes IL-2,IFN-β and IL-12(P＜0.01).The above results indicate that ORF9 gene may promote the proliferation and apoptosis of PK-15 cells and play a role in the escape process of PK-15 cells.

In order to understand the genomic characteristics and genetic variation and strain type of infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV)isolate GZGY2022,which caused the death of chickens in Guizhou farm,primers were designed to amplify the whole genome of the isolate,and genetic evo-lution and strain type analysis were performed after cloning and sequencing.The results showed that the A and B segments of IBDV genome were 3 260,2 827 bp,respectively,encoding VP2-VP5 and VP1 genes.The nucleotide sequence homology between the A and B segments of this strain and the VvIBDV were 96.2％-98.7％and 87.7％-98.9％,respectively,which is the highest with NN1172 strain,83.1％-94.7％and 90.1％-91.0％with other strains.The results of genetic evolution and strain type study showed that IBDV strains can be divided into 6 branches according to antigen and virulence,and the A and B segments of the strain were clustered in the evolutionary branch of VvIBDV,and the strain was A3B3 genotype according to the new genotype classification method.The results of amino acid sequence analysis showed that there were 3 and 7 unique amino acid site variations in the A and B segments of the strain,respectively,and 13 unique characteristic amino acid sites in the coding region of the full-length genome were consistent with VvIBDV.The VP2 sequence of segment A has 19 characteristic amino acid identical with VvIBDV,among which hyper variable regions 222A,242I,253Q,256I,279D,284A,294I and 299S were characteristic ami-no acid sites of the VvIBDV,and the heptapeptide region sequence SWSASGS was consistent with the virulent strain.The VP1 sequence of segment B has 10 characteristic amino acid identical with VvIBDV,among which 61I,145T and 287A were the characteristic amino acid sites of the VvIB-DV.In addition,the nucleotide sequence GGTGCC of 777-782 did not form the restriction endo-nuclease site of Kpn Ⅰ,and combined with the triplet site 145/146/147(TEG),the segment B was consistent with the NN1172 strain,showed that its virulence was slightly weaker than that of the B2 strain of VvIBDV.The results of recombination analysis showed that there were no breaks and recombination sites in the sequence of the strain,and no recombination event occurred.In summa-ry,this study found that GZGY2022 strain belonged to the A3B3 genotype non-recombinant VvIB-DV strain,and its special amino acid sites were consistent with the molecular characteristics of VvIBDV.This study lays the foundation for further exploring the genomic characteristics and path-ogenicity of VvIBDV.

Objective:To study the current status of longitudinal extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in extremely preterm infants (EPIs) and to develop a prediction model based on clinical data from multiple NICUs.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, EPIs admitted to 32 NICUs in North China were retrospectively studied. Their general conditions, nutritional support, complications during hospitalization and weight changes were reviewed. Weight loss between birth and discharge > 1SD was defined as longitudinal EUGR. The EPIs were assigned into longitudinal EUGR group and non-EUGR group and their nutritional support and weight changes were compared. The EPIs were randomly assigned into the training dataset and the validation dataset with a ratio of 7∶3. Univariate Cox regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were used in the training dataset to select the independent predictive factors. The best-fitting Nomogram model predicting longitudinal EUGR was established based on Akaike Information Criterion. The model was evaluated for discrimination efficacy, calibration and clinical decision curve analysis.Results:A total of 436 EPIs were included in this study, with a mean gestational age of (26.9±0.9) weeks and a birth weight of (989±171) g. The incidence of longitudinal EUGR was 82.3%(359/436). Seven variables (birth weight Z-score, weight loss, weight growth velocity, the proportion of breast milk ≥75% within 3 d before discharge, invasive mechanical ventilation ≥7 d, maternal antenatal corticosteroids use and bronchopulmonary dysplasia) were selected to establish the prediction model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training dataset and the validation dataset were 0.870 (95% CI 0.820-0.920) and 0.879 (95% CI 0.815-0.942), suggesting good discrimination efficacy. The calibration curve indicated a good fit of the model ( P>0.05). The decision curve analysis showed positive net benefits at all thresholds. Conclusions:Currently, EPIs have a high incidence of longitudinal EUGR. The prediction model is helpful for early identification and intervention for EPIs with higher risks of longitudinal EUGR. It is necessary to expand the sample size and conduct prospective studies to optimize and validate the prediction model in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in attenuation of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in rat cardiomyocytes by pinacidil postconditioning and the relationship with nuclear factor erythrid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway.Methods:Adult rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured and then divided into 4 groups ( n=20 each) by a random number table method: control group (group C), H/R group, pinacidil postconditioning group (group P) and reactive oxygen scavenger N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine(MPG)+ pinacidil postconditioning group (group MPG+ P). Group C was continuously exposed to 95%O 2+ 5%CO 2 in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 105 min. The cells were exposed to 5%CO 2+ 1%O 2+ 94%N 2 in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 45 min followed by reoxygenation for 60 min to prepare H/R injury model. The cells were exposed to hypoxia for 45 min and then treated with pinacidil 50 μmol/L for 5 min followed by reoxygenation for 60 min in group P. The cells were exposed to hypoxia for 45 min, treated with MPG 2 mmol/L for 10 min, and then treated with pinacidil for 5 min followed by reoxygenation for 60 min in group MPG+ P. The content of Ca 2+ and activity of Nrf2 in cardiomyocytes were measured at the end of reoxygenation. The ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was observed, and mitochondrial ultrastructure was evaluated using mitochondrial Flameng score. The expression of Nrf2, superoxide dismutase (SOD1), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein and mRNA was detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with group C, the Ca 2+ content, Nrf2 activity and mitochondrial Flameng score were significantly increased, the expression of Nrf2, SOD1, NQO1 and HO-1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the damage to the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was aggravated in group H/R. Compared with H/R group, the Ca 2+ content and mitochondrial Flameng score were significantly decreased, the Nrf2 activity was increased, the expression of Nrf2, SOD1, NQO1 and HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the damage to the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was attenuated in P group. Compared with P group, the Ca 2+ content and mitochondrial Flameng score were significantly increased, the Nrf2 activity was decreased, the expression of Nrf2, SOD1, NQO1 and HO-1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the damage to the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was aggravated in MPG+ P group. Conclusions:ROS is involved in attenuation of H/R injury by pinacidil postconditioning, which is associated with activation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in rat cardiomyocytes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYRFA21-1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)levels and cisplatin treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Methods 130 advanced B-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with cisplatin in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from December 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects;100 patients with physical examination in our hospital were selected as the control group.By comparing the serum levels of MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VE GF in each group,the cisplatin treatment effect was divided into 15 patients and 37 patients in the treatment-effective group,and 78 patients in the treatment-effective group to clarify the relationship between the treatment effect of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.Results Serum levels of MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF were decreased in NSCLC patients after cisplatin treatment(P＜0.05).Compared with the ineffective group,serum MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF levels in the significantly effective group and the effective group were decreased(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF were also risk factors affecting cisplatin treatment effect in NSCLC patients(P＜0.05).ROC analysis showed that serum MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF had high predictive value for cisplatin treatment in NSCLC patients(P＜0.05).Conclusions MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF are highly expressed in the serum of patients with severe pneumonia,and the expression levels of MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF are decreased after cisplatin treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,which is related to the cisplatin treatment effect in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Clinical monitoring of serum levels of MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF can predict the therapeutic effect early to improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYRFA21-1)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)levels and cisplatin treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Methods 130 advanced B-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with cisplatin in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from December 2020 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects;100 patients with physical examination in our hospital were selected as the control group.By comparing the serum levels of MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VE GF in each group,the cisplatin treatment effect was divided into 15 patients and 37 patients in the treatment-effective group,and 78 patients in the treatment-effective group to clarify the relationship between the treatment effect of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.Results Serum levels of MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF were decreased in NSCLC patients after cisplatin treatment(P＜0.05).Compared with the ineffective group,serum MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF levels in the significantly effective group and the effective group were decreased(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF were also risk factors affecting cisplatin treatment effect in NSCLC patients(P＜0.05).ROC analysis showed that serum MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF had high predictive value for cisplatin treatment in NSCLC patients(P＜0.05).Conclusions MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF are highly expressed in the serum of patients with severe pneumonia,and the expression levels of MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF are decreased after cisplatin treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,which is related to the cisplatin treatment effect in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Clinical monitoring of serum levels of MMP-9,CYRFA21-1 and VEGF can predict the therapeutic effect early to improve the prognosis of patients.