Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide the basis for guiding the health management of postmenopausal women. Methods: From May 2023 to April 2024, the postmenopausal women aged 40 to 69 years in Pan'an County were selected using the random cluster sampling method. Demographic information, lifestyle and prevalence of gynecological diseases were collected through questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of menopausal syndrome was assessed by modified Kupperman Score Scale. Factors affecting menopausal syndrome were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 816 postmenopausal women were surveyed, with an mean age of (57.63±2.92) years and a mean natural menopause age of (49.85±2.13) years. There were 574 cases with menopausal syndrome, with a prevalence of 70.34%. Flashes and sweating, insomnia and irritability were common symptoms, accounting for 62.87%, 47.43% and 41.18%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that monthly personal income of ≤5 000 yuan (<3 000 yuan, OR=3.124, 95%CI: 1.829-5.335; 3 000-5 000 yuan, OR=2.399, 95%CI: 1.370-4.201) and having gynecological diseases (OR=1.970, 95%CI: 1.292-3.004) were associated with a higher risk of menopausal syndrome, while average (OR=0.141, 95%CI: 0.072-0.276) or sufficient sleep quality (OR=0.095, 95%CI: 0.049-0.185) were associated with a lower risk of menopausal syndrome. Conclusion The prevalence of menopausal syndrome among postmenopausal women in Pan'an County is relatively high, and is mainly influenced by personal economic status, sleep quality and the presence of gynecological diseases.

AIM: To analyze the influencing factors of capsular constriction syndrome(CCS)in cataract patients after phacoemulsification(Phaco)combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.METHODS: Retrospective study. The data of 2 900 cataract patients(2 900 eyes)in our hospital's information system from January 2021 to January 2024 were collected. All patients were treated with Phaco combined with IOL implantation, and the incidence of CCS within 30 wk after surgery was recorded. Patients were categorized into CCS(116 cases, 116 eyes)and N-CCS group(2 784 cases, 2 784 eyes)based on the occurrence of CCS. The basic data of the two groups were compared, and the influencing factors of CCS within 30 wk after Phaco combined with IOL implantation in cataract patients were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.RESULTS: Among 2 900 patients(2 900 eyes)included, 116 cataract patients(116 eyes)developed CCS within 30 wk after Phaco combined with IOL implantation, with an incidence rate of 4.00%. The single factor and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the complicated diabetes, high myopia, complicated glaucoma, and axial length(AL)>30 mm were the risk factors for the occurrence of CCS after Phaco IOL implantation in cataract patients(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Attention should be paid to cataract patients with diabetes, high myopia, glaucoma and AL>30 mm, which will increase the risk of CCS within 30 wk after Phaco combined with IOL implantation in cataract patients.

Allergen specific immunotherapy(AIT)is to identify the patient's allergen,give the patient repeated exposure to the allergen extract,and gradually increase the concentration and dose until the target maintenance dose is reached,so that the patient can develop tolerance to the allergen,which is the only treatment that can regulate the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and change its natural course.In recent years,domestic and for-eign scholars have made great progress in the clini-cal practice and research field of AIT.This article re-viewed the relevant progress of the mechanism,ef-ficacy and drug administration of AIT.

Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is to identify the patient's allergen, give the patient repeated exposure to the allergen extract, and gradually increase the concentration and dose until the target maintenance dose is reached, so that the patient can develop tolerance to the allergen, which is the only treatment that can regulate the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and change its natural course. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have made great progress in the clinical practice and research field of AIT. This article reviewed the relevant progress of the mechanism, efficacy and drug administration of AIT.

Objective:To study the current status of longitudinal extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in extremely preterm infants (EPIs) and to develop a prediction model based on clinical data from multiple NICUs.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, EPIs admitted to 32 NICUs in North China were retrospectively studied. Their general conditions, nutritional support, complications during hospitalization and weight changes were reviewed. Weight loss between birth and discharge > 1SD was defined as longitudinal EUGR. The EPIs were assigned into longitudinal EUGR group and non-EUGR group and their nutritional support and weight changes were compared. The EPIs were randomly assigned into the training dataset and the validation dataset with a ratio of 7∶3. Univariate Cox regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were used in the training dataset to select the independent predictive factors. The best-fitting Nomogram model predicting longitudinal EUGR was established based on Akaike Information Criterion. The model was evaluated for discrimination efficacy, calibration and clinical decision curve analysis.Results:A total of 436 EPIs were included in this study, with a mean gestational age of (26.9±0.9) weeks and a birth weight of (989±171) g. The incidence of longitudinal EUGR was 82.3%(359/436). Seven variables (birth weight Z-score, weight loss, weight growth velocity, the proportion of breast milk ≥75% within 3 d before discharge, invasive mechanical ventilation ≥7 d, maternal antenatal corticosteroids use and bronchopulmonary dysplasia) were selected to establish the prediction model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training dataset and the validation dataset were 0.870 (95% CI 0.820-0.920) and 0.879 (95% CI 0.815-0.942), suggesting good discrimination efficacy. The calibration curve indicated a good fit of the model ( P>0.05). The decision curve analysis showed positive net benefits at all thresholds. Conclusions:Currently, EPIs have a high incidence of longitudinal EUGR. The prediction model is helpful for early identification and intervention for EPIs with higher risks of longitudinal EUGR. It is necessary to expand the sample size and conduct prospective studies to optimize and validate the prediction model in the future.

Allergen specific immunotherapy(AIT)is to identify the patient's allergen,give the patient repeated exposure to the allergen extract,and gradually increase the concentration and dose until the target maintenance dose is reached,so that the patient can develop tolerance to the allergen,which is the only treatment that can regulate the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and change its natural course.In recent years,domestic and for-eign scholars have made great progress in the clini-cal practice and research field of AIT.This article re-viewed the relevant progress of the mechanism,ef-ficacy and drug administration of AIT.

Allergen specific immunotherapy(AIT)is to identify the patient's allergen,give the patient repeated exposure to the allergen extract,and gradually increase the concentration and dose until the target maintenance dose is reached,so that the patient can develop tolerance to the allergen,which is the only treatment that can regulate the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and change its natural course.In recent years,domestic and for-eign scholars have made great progress in the clini-cal practice and research field of AIT.This article re-viewed the relevant progress of the mechanism,ef-ficacy and drug administration of AIT.

Allergen specific immunotherapy(AIT)is to identify the patient's allergen,give the patient repeated exposure to the allergen extract,and gradually increase the concentration and dose until the target maintenance dose is reached,so that the patient can develop tolerance to the allergen,which is the only treatment that can regulate the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and change its natural course.In recent years,domestic and for-eign scholars have made great progress in the clini-cal practice and research field of AIT.This article re-viewed the relevant progress of the mechanism,ef-ficacy and drug administration of AIT.

Allergen specific immunotherapy(AIT)is to identify the patient's allergen,give the patient repeated exposure to the allergen extract,and gradually increase the concentration and dose until the target maintenance dose is reached,so that the patient can develop tolerance to the allergen,which is the only treatment that can regulate the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and change its natural course.In recent years,domestic and for-eign scholars have made great progress in the clini-cal practice and research field of AIT.This article re-viewed the relevant progress of the mechanism,ef-ficacy and drug administration of AIT.

Allergen specific immunotherapy(AIT)is to identify the patient's allergen,give the patient repeated exposure to the allergen extract,and gradually increase the concentration and dose until the target maintenance dose is reached,so that the patient can develop tolerance to the allergen,which is the only treatment that can regulate the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and change its natural course.In recent years,domestic and for-eign scholars have made great progress in the clini-cal practice and research field of AIT.This article re-viewed the relevant progress of the mechanism,ef-ficacy and drug administration of AIT.