Objective To investigate the entrance surface dose (ESD) of dental radiological diagnosis and treatment devices in Nanping City of Fujian Province, China, assess the radiation risk differences between cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and conventional oral panoramic tomography (COPT), and compare the output dose levels between domestic and imported devices and between public and private medical institutions, and to provide evidence for optimizing radiation protection strategies. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 38 extraoral dental X-ray devices from 38 dental institutions in Nanping City. Measurements of ESD for different exposure types (adult/child COPT and CBCT) were performed using an adult head-and-neck phantom and thermoluminescent dosimeters. A statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) was applied to compare dose differences by device type and institution type. Results The median tooth-region doses for adult/child CBCT (8.97/6.80 mGy) were significantly higher than those of adult/child COPT (0.33/0.24 mGy), with the 75th percentile values (12.44/8.18 mGy) exceeding the national guideline level of 7 mGy. Domestically manufactured devices demonstrated higher median doses and greater dose variability compared to imported devices (P < 0.05). Private institutions exhibited inferior dose control stability relative to public institutions (P < 0.001). CBCT delivered substantially higher radiation exposure to the thyroid and ocular lenses, with child lens dose reaching 5.9 times that of COPT. Conclusion Dental CBCT radiation doses in Nanping City exceed the guideline level. Enhanced protection for sensitive organs, restriction of unnecessary pediatric examinations, technological upgrades for domestic devices, and strengthened regulation and operational standardization of private institutions are critical to achieve precise radiation protection and improved medical quality.

This paper presents an automatic acquisition and analytic procedure of acupuncture manipulation based on optical navigation, aiming at solving the shortcomings of existing acquisition methods of acupuncture manipulation. An acquisition holder installed at the handle tail of filiform needle was designed to display the movement trajectory of the needle during acupuncture delivery by collecting the movement trajectory of holder. The 3-month old male Bama miniature pig was selected as the experimental subject, and 6 points, "Bojian" "Qiangfeng" "Housanli" "Xiaokua" "Huiyang" (BL35) and "Baihui" (GV20), were selected during acupuncture manipulation. The optical navigation system was used to collect the real-time data, and these data were per-processed and analyzed using mean filtering and Fourier transform. The acupuncture procedure was divided into 3 stages, inserting, lifting-thrusting, and twisting. The results showed that the accuracy was 96.3% at lifting-thrusting stage, and that was 100.0% at twisting stage. The decomposition effect of the entire procedure was satisfactory. This study provides a new approach to the quantitative analysis of acupuncture manipulation. In the future, it needs to further optimize the algorithm and expand the sample size so as to improve the accuracy of this analytic technique.
Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Male ; Animals ; Swine ; Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Swine, Miniature ; Needles

Immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to abnormal glycolysis. Tumor cells gain metabolic advantages and suppress immune responses through the "Warburg effect". Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to regulate key glycolysis enzymes (such as HK2 and PKM2), metabolic signaling pathways (such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, HIF-1α) and non-coding RNAs at multiple targets, thus synergistically inhibiting lactate accumulation, improving vascular abnormalities, and relieving metabolic inhibition of immune cells. Studies have shown that TCM monomers and formulas can promote immune cell infiltration and functions, improve metabolic microenvironment, and with the assistance by the nano-delivery system, enhance the precision of treatment. However, the dynamic mechanism of the interaction between TCM-regulated glycolysis and TME has not been fully elucidated, for which single-cell sequencing and other technologies provide important technical support to facilitate in-depth analysis and clinical translational research. Future studies should be focused on the synergistic strategy of "metabolic reprogramming-immune activation" to provide new insights into the mechanisms of tumor immunotherapy.
Humans ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Signal Transduction ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to white matter injury (WMI), which plays a significant role in contributing to vascular cognitive impairment. While 13-docosenamide is a type of fatty acid amide, it remains unclear whether it has therapeutic effects on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. In this study, we conducted bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) surgery to simulate chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced WMI and cognitive impairment. Our findings showed that 13-docosenamide alleviates WMI and cognitive impairment in BCAS mice. Mechanistically, 13-docosenamide specifically binds to cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This interaction results in an upregulation of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 33 (USP33)-mediated CNR1 deubiquitination, subsequently increasing CNR1 protein expression, activating the phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, and promoting the differentiation of OPCs. In conclusion, our study suggests that 13-docosenamide can ameliorate chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced WMI and cognitive impairment by enhancing OPC differentiation and could serve as a potential therapeutic drug.
Animals ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/metabolism* ; Mice ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Male ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase/metabolism* ; Ubiquitination/drug effects* ; Carotid Stenosis/complications* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/drug therapy*

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of PPF on oxidative stress and apoptosis of PD model cells induced by MPP+.Methods The human neuroblastoma cell SH-SY5Y was induced by 1 mM MPP+ to establish PD cell model.In PPF treatment group,SH-SY5Y cells were stimulated with 10,20,40 and 80 μM PPF for 4 h before MPP+ induction.Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)was performed to evaluate cell proliferation activity.H2DCF-DA fluorescent probe was used to detect ROS in cells.The levels of MDA and NADPH oxidase were analyzed by the kit.Western blot examined the protein expression of cytochrome c in mitochondria and cytoplasm,as well as the relative expression of Bcl-2,Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y cells.Apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results MPP+ significantly inhibited the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells(P<0.001),promoted the level of ROS(P<0.001),MDA(P<0.001),NADPH oxidase(P<0.01),cytochrome c in cytoplasm(P<0.01)and induced apoptosis(P<0.001)and the relative expression of pro-apoptosis protein Bax and cleaved caspase-3(P<0.01),reduced cytochrome c protein in mitochondria(P<0.01)and the relative expression of anti-apoptosis protein(P<0.01).PPF pretreatment alleviated the proliferation inhibition,oxidative stress and apoptosis promotion of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP+(P<0.001),and the effects of 40 μM and 80 μM on cells were more significant.Conclusion PPF pretreatment can alleviate the oxidative stress of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MMP+ and reduce apoptosis rate.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of plasma exchange(PE)and double plasma molecular absorption system(DPMAS)in the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and the effect of this therapy on prognosis.Methods The clinical data on 526 PBC patients in our hospital from December 2013 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into different groups according to different therapies and then matched with propensity.The changes in symptoms,laboratory indexes and MELD scores were compared between two groups before and after treatment,and the clinical efficacy of artificial liver treatment for PBC patients was assessed.The effect of this treatment on the survival outcomes in these patients via comparing the cumulative survival rates at 3,6 and 12 months between the two groups.Results The efficiency was better in the group with artificial liver treatment in addition medical therapy than the group with medical treatment alone,the difference was statistically significant(76.7%vs.55.8%,χ2 = 4.214,and P = 0.040).Cox proportional risk regression showed that TBIL was an independent risk factor affecting the 3-,6-,or 12-month survival in PBC patients.Conclusions Artificial liver support system can effectively relieve symptoms,reduce levels of ALT,AST and TBIL,improve blood coagula-tion function,and lower MELD scores in PBC patients.This therapy revealed a trend of improvement in 3-,6-,or 12-month survival outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To explore the specific application and evaluation effect of objective structured clinical examination(OSCE)-guided scenario-based practical teaching mode in training clinical pharmacists. METHODS Fifty-six trainees who participated in the clinical pharmacist training program in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from October 2020 to September 2022 were selected as the research objects. OSCE-guided teaching was conducted, and the application effect of OSCE-guided teaching mode in clinical pharmacist training was explored and analyzed by using theoretical examination results and OSCE assessment results as evaluation indicators. RESULTS Through comparative analysis, it was found that the OSCE-guided teaching mode not only enabled students to better grasp the theoretical knowledge points required by the training outline, but also improved their clinical thinking ability, problem-solving ability, and communication and coordination skills to varying degrees. CONCLUSION For clinical pharmacist trainees, the OSCE teaching mode is conducive to the comprehensive improvement of clinical pharmacist skills and is suitable for cultivating clinical pharmacists who are capable of independently carrying out clinical pharmacy services in the new situation.

To achieve early warning of dengue fever from multiple sources and improve the ability to detect and identify dengue fever outbreaks timely, we took Hangzhou as an example and proposed the possibility of early warning of dengue fever. This study divided early warning of dengue fever into three stages: early warning of epidemic source, epidemic symptom, and epidemic. The early warning of epidemic source and epidemic symptom were emphasized to provide reference for other similar studies. Our findings showed that the staged warning of dengue fever was meaningful. Combining the source early warning with the symptom early warning could improve the sensitivity of the warning. Monthly warning can be used as a supplement to weekly warning.

Objective To determine the effects of treadmill training on the structure of hippocampal myelin and cognitive function in rats exposed to acute plateau hypoxia.Methods With 30 SPF-grade female SD rats (aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 200-220 g),6 of them were used for observation of myelin structure after injury,and the remaining 24 rats were randomly divided into control group,hypobaric hypoxia group and treadmill training group (n=8).The rats in above experimental groups were placed in a low-pressure oxygen chamber at an altitude of 6000 m for 7 consecutive days,and the rats of the control group were placed in the confined chamber for the same period without hypoxia.Then,the rats of the treadmill training group received a 4-week treadmill training scheme since the day after hypoxia.Finally,all the rats were tested for cognitive function with open field test (OFT)and Morris water maze (MWM).Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the changes of demyelination in the hippocampus. The expression of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2)and myelin basic protein (MBP )in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions was measured by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting.Results Behavioral tests showed that the number into the central area,total distance,distance ratio in OFT and the number of platform crossings and distance to the target area in MWM were reduced in the hypobaric hypoxia group than the control group (P<0.05 ),while these indexes were increased in the treadmill training group than in the hypobaric hypoxia group (P<0.05).Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the number of Olig2 positive cells per unit area and the mean fluorescence intensity of MBP in the CA1 and CA3 regions were significantly lessen in the hypobaric hypoxia group than the control group (P<0.05 ),while these indicators were higher in the treadmill training group than the hypobaric hypoxia group (P<0.05 ).Western blotting displayed that the expression levels of Olig2 and MBP in the hippocampus were obviously lower in the hypobaric hypoxia group than the control group (P<0.01 ),while the levels were increased in the treadmill training group than the hypobaric hypoxia group (P<0.01 ).Conclusion Treadmill training promotes the number of the oligodendrocyte spectrum cells in CA1 and CA3 regions,enhances the expression of myelin-related proteins and improves myelin repair in hippocampus of hypobaric hypoxia rats,and thereby ameliorates hypoxia-induced anxiety-like behaviors and memory dysfunction.

To achieve early warning of dengue fever from multiple sources and improve the ability to detect and identify dengue fever outbreaks timely, we took Hangzhou as an example and proposed the possibility of early warning of dengue fever. This study divided early warning of dengue fever into three stages: early warning of epidemic source, epidemic symptom, and epidemic. The early warning of epidemic source and epidemic symptom were emphasized to provide reference for other similar studies. Our findings showed that the staged warning of dengue fever was meaningful. Combining the source early warning with the symptom early warning could improve the sensitivity of the warning. Monthly warning can be used as a supplement to weekly warning.