Coronary heart disease is a chronic and lifelong disease， which places a dual burden on the physiological and psychological well-being of patients， and can easily lead to psychological distress and affect their prognosis and quality of life. This article provides a systematic review， in which the current status， evaluation tools， influencing factors and intervention methods of psychological distress in patients with coronary heart disease are explored， aiming to provide key information beneficial for identifying and preventing psychological distress， and to improve the overall management and treatment effectiveness of coronary heart disease patients. In this paper， 18 articles were included， and the demographic， physiological， psychological and social factors affecting the psychological distress of patients with coronary heart disease were systematically analyzed， thus to provide a deeper understanding of psychological distress and offering references for formulating targeted intervention strategies.

Objective:To construct and evaluate a training program for cardiovascular nurse specialists based on a core competency framework.Methods:Among 61 trainees participating in the first training class for cardiovascular nurse specialists organized by a provincial nursing society, a training program focusing on the nine core competencies for cardiovascular nurse specialists was implemented, which consisted of 4-week theoretical and 4-week practical training. The effectiveness of the training program was evaluated using the Kirkpatrick model. Data analyses were performed by using SPSS 26.0. Categorical data were presented as the number of cases; continuous variables in normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation; and continuous variables in non-normal distribution were presented as median (interquartile range) and compared using non-parametric tests.Results:At the reaction level, the satisfaction rates of trainees with the theoretical and practical sections of the training program were 98.36% (60/61) and 95.08% (58/61), respectively. At the learning level, the comprehensive assessment score of the trainees was (83.01±3.39) points, and all of them successfully obtained their completion certificates, with a pass rate of 100.00% (61/61). At the behavior level, the core competencies for cardiovascular nurse specialists were significantly improved after training [the total score increased from 291.00 (254.00, 334.25) to 410.50 (354.50, 433.00), P<0.001]. At the results level, at six months after training, there were significant increases in the number of participants engaging in cardiovascular care practices, clinical nursing education and guidance, leadership roles, and research projects within their units as well as the number of individuals achieving career advancement (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The trainees are highly satisfied with the core competency-focused cardiovascular nurse training program, which can improve core competencies and cardiovascular nursing capabilities, expand the scope of cardiovascular nursing services, and foster the sustained advancement of the participants.

Objective:To construct and evaluate a training program for cardiovascular nurse specialists based on a core competency framework.Methods:Among 61 trainees participating in the first training class for cardiovascular nurse specialists organized by a provincial nursing society, a training program focusing on the nine core competencies for cardiovascular nurse specialists was implemented, which consisted of 4-week theoretical and 4-week practical training. The effectiveness of the training program was evaluated using the Kirkpatrick model. Data analyses were performed by using SPSS 26.0. Categorical data were presented as the number of cases; continuous variables in normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation; and continuous variables in non-normal distribution were presented as median (interquartile range) and compared using non-parametric tests.Results:At the reaction level, the satisfaction rates of trainees with the theoretical and practical sections of the training program were 98.36% (60/61) and 95.08% (58/61), respectively. At the learning level, the comprehensive assessment score of the trainees was (83.01±3.39) points, and all of them successfully obtained their completion certificates, with a pass rate of 100.00% (61/61). At the behavior level, the core competencies for cardiovascular nurse specialists were significantly improved after training [the total score increased from 291.00 (254.00, 334.25) to 410.50 (354.50, 433.00), P<0.001]. At the results level, at six months after training, there were significant increases in the number of participants engaging in cardiovascular care practices, clinical nursing education and guidance, leadership roles, and research projects within their units as well as the number of individuals achieving career advancement (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The trainees are highly satisfied with the core competency-focused cardiovascular nurse training program, which can improve core competencies and cardiovascular nursing capabilities, expand the scope of cardiovascular nursing services, and foster the sustained advancement of the participants.

【Objective】 To investigate the physical and neuropsychological development of the offspring born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 2 years of age, and to provide evidence to enhance the physical and neuropsychological development of GDM offspring. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was conducted on neonates born in the Department of Obstetrics at Qinzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018 and regularly followed at the outpatient service. The neonates were categorized into two groups based on whether their mothers were diagnosed with GDM during pregnancy: the GDM group (n=243) and the control group (n=362). The general clinical data, follow-up information on physical development and neuropsychological development at 1 year and 2 years of age for all children were collected. Their height, head circumference, body weight, BMI, and Gesell developmental quotients (DQs) at 1 year and 2 years of age for both groups were analyzed. 【Results】 1) There were no significant differences in height, head circumference, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups at 1 year and 2 years of age during the follow-up period (P>0.05). 2) At 1 year of age, the GDM group exhibited higher rates of abnormal language development (8.6% vs. 3.3%, χ²=7.854), adaptive behavior(11.4% vs. 5.0%,χ²=8.605), and personal social behavior(8.2% vs. 3.0%, χ²=8.062) compared to the control group (P<0.05), and lower DQs for these Gesell subscales (language development 87.6±7.7 vs. 89.4±9.2, t=2.591; adaptive behavior: 88.4±7.8 vs. 90.5±8.9, t=2.957; personal social behavior: 89.1±7.0 vs. 91.2±7.5, t=3.495, P<0.05). 3) At 2 year of age, the GDM group also showed higher rates of adaptive behavior (8.2% vs. 4.1%, χ²=3.927) and personal social behavior (7.3% vs. 3.0%, χ²=4.093) compared to the control group (P<0.05), and lower DQs for these Gesell subscales (adaptive behavior: 89.5±6.5 vs. 91.9±6.9, t=3.878; personal social behavior: 89.9±7.1 vs. 92.1±6.9, t=3.311, P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 The development of adaptive behavior and personal social behavior in offspring born to mothers with GDM remains delayed. Follow-up for GDM offspring should prioritize achieving a balanced development of adaptive behavior and personal social behavior.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of combining problem-based learning(PBL),team-based learning(TBL),and clinical pathway(CP)in standardized training of periodontology residents.Methods A total of 48 residents who were transferred to the Department of Periodontology at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from January to October 2023 were ran-domly assigned to either the traditional teaching group or the PBL,TBL,and CP combined teaching group,with 24 participants in each group.The traditional teaching group followed conventional teaching methods,while the PBL,TBL,and CP combined teaching group utilized a combination of these three methods.Prior to completing their rotation,both groups underwent professional assessments as well as surveys on satisfaction with standardized training and self-evaluation.Results The professional examination scores ofcombined teaching group were significantly higher than those of the traditional teaching method group(P＜0.05).Both groups expressed satisfac-tion with standardized training and demonstrated proficiency in diagnosing and treating periodontitis through instruction;no statistically significant difference was observed between them(P＞0.05).However,compared to the traditional teaching group,students in the PBL,TBL,and CP combined teaching group showed significant improvements in doctor-patient communication skills,active informa-tion retrieval abilities,learning interest levels,team discussions,and clinical logical thinking abilities(P＜0.05).Conclusion Im-plementing a combination of PBL,TBL,and CP during standardized training of periodontology residents can enhance students'profes-sional examination scores and self-evaluation results,which promotes educational reform development by providing an objective basis.

Background Liver damage presented in endemic arsenic poisoning is usually serious. Studies have shown that oxidative stress, proteasome beta 5 subunit (PSMB5), regulatory transcription factor EB (TFEB), and lysosomes are associated with liver injury, but their specific links to arsenic-induced liver injury remain unclear. Objective Using a sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂)-induced rat liver injury model established earlier by the research group, the expressions of PSMB5, TFEB, and lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) in liver tissues were detected. Methods Twenty-four SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, and low, medium, and high dose groups, with 6 rats in each group, half male and half female. The exposure concentrations were 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ solutions for 24 weeks. At the end of the experiment, liver was dissected after rats were anesthetized. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bile acid (TBA), and catalase (CAT) in liver tissues were detected by chemical colorimetry, and the levels of lipid peroxide (LPO), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), LAMP1, and cathepsin D (CTSD) in liver tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the transcriptional expression levels of PSMB5 and TFEB in liver tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and the protein expressions of PSMB5, TFEB, and phosphorylated TFEB (p-TFEB) in liver tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The results of chemical colorimetry and ELISA showed that compared with the control group, the liver homogenate levels of ALP, TBA, and LAMP1 of each arsenic-exposed group, the ALT and LPO in the medium and high concentration groups, the 4-HNE and CTSD in the high concentration group were increased, while the CAT activity of each arsenic-exposed group was decreased (P<0.05). The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the transcription levels of PSMB5 and TFEB in the liver tissues of each arsenic-exposed group were decreased compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the control group, the expression of PSMB5 of each arsenic-exposed group were decreased, the expression of TFEB in the medium and high concentration groups was decreased, while the expression of p-TFEB of each arsenic-exposed group was increased (P<0.05). The expression of TFEB protein gradually decreased in the nucleus, while the expression of p-TFEB protein gradually increased in the cytoplasm, but no expression of p-TFEB was found in the nucleus. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that PSMB5 in liver tissues was positively correlated with CAT (r=0.818, P＜0.05), and negatively correlated with 4-HNE and p-TFEB (r=−0.582, r=−0.899; P＜0.05); TFEB was negatively correlated with CTSD and LAMP1 (r=−0.457, r=−0.564; P＜0.05); CTSD was positively correlated with ALT and ALP (r=0.529, r=0.485; P＜0.05). Conclusion Long-term exposure to NaAsO₂ can induce oxidative stress, inhibit the expression of PSMB5 and TFEB, promote the accumulation of p-TFEB in the cytoplasm, decrease the nuclear entry of active TFEB, damage the lysosome, and cause liver damage.

Objective:To compare the severity of sepsis caused by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), improve the understanding of sepsis caused by different types of inflammatory reaction, and provide basis for clinical evaluation of condition and prognosis.Methods:From November 2018 to October 2020, 42 patients with SAP (SAP induced sepsis group) and 68 patients with CAP (CAP induced sepsis group) were selected from Beijing Shunyi Hospital and Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese medicine. All patients met the diagnostic criteria of sepsis-3 in 2016. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively, and the indexes, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Enquiry (APACHE Ⅱ) score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at different time points between the two groups were compared. The correlation between APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score and other indicators was analyzed.Results:(1) The mortality rate of SAP induced sepsis group was significantly lower than that of CAP induced sepsis group (2.38% vs 41.18%, P<0.001). The APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score of SAP induced sepsis group on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day of hospitalization were significantly lower than those of CAP induced sepsis group at the same time point (APACHE Ⅱ: 10.55±1.16 vs 18.51±0.69, P<0.001, 8.78±0.79 vs 15.45±1.12, P<0.001, 7.77±0.77 vs 12.98±1.08, P<0.001; SOFA: 3.71±0.53 vs 5.57±0.37, P<0.001, 3.24±0.44 vs 5.21±0.52, P<0.001, 2.87±0.14 vs 5.19±0.55, P<0.001). (2) In SAP-induced sepsis group, APACHE Ⅱ score was correlated with lactic acid(Lac), platelet (PLT), PCO 2, creatinine (Cr), aspartate transaminase (AST) and SOFA score, while SOFA score was correlated with Lac, C-reactive protein (CRP), PLT, PO 2, PCO 2, Cr, AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and APACHE Ⅱ score. In CAP-induced sepsis group, APACHE Ⅱ score was correlated with SOFA score. Conclusions:The combination of APACHE Ⅱ score, SOFA score and different clinical indexes has a good indication for judging the severity and prognosis of sepsis patients with different pathogenesis.

Objective:This study aims to examine the incidence and risk factors of violent behaviors in community-dwelling unmedicated patients with severe mental disorders in Shenzhen.Methods:The baseline and follow-up data of unmedicated patients with severe mental disorders were collected from the Information Management System of Mental Health Prevention and Control in Shenzhen. The incidence of violent behaviors in unmedicated patients was described. The influencing factors of violent behaviors were analyzed using logistic regression model.Results:A total of 3 163 patients were included. The incidence of violent behaviors was 9.1% (288/3 163) in 2019. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that having an acute illness onset ( OR=1.589, 95 %CI 1.181-2.139) was the risk factor of violent behaviors, while having cohabitants ( OR=0.596, 95 %CI 0.410-0.867), being diagnosed as mental retardation comorbid with psychotic disorders ( OR=0.432, 95 %CI 0.199-0.938), having application for carers allowances ( OR=0.440, 95 %CI 0.319-0.606), and participating in family doctor services ( OR=0.642, 95 %CI 0.492-0.838) and community face-to-face interviews during 2019 ( OR (1-2 times vs. 0 times)=0.633, 95 %CI 0.466-0.861; OR (3-4 times vs. 0 times)=0.546, 95 %CI 0.368-0.811) were the protective factors. Conclusions:The incidence of violent behaviors is high in unmedicated patients with severe mental disorders with acute illness onset. The improvement of comprehensive level of community mental health services and the development of targeted intervention measures would help to reduce the occurrence of violent behaviors among unmedicated patients with severe mental disorders in the community.

Objective:This study aims to examine the incidence and risk factors of violent behaviors in community-dwelling unmedicated patients with severe mental disorders in Shenzhen.Methods:The baseline and follow-up data of unmedicated patients with severe mental disorders were collected from the Information Management System of Mental Health Prevention and Control in Shenzhen. The incidence of violent behaviors in unmedicated patients was described. The influencing factors of violent behaviors were analyzed using logistic regression model.Results:A total of 3 163 patients were included. The incidence of violent behaviors was 9.1% (288/3 163) in 2019. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that having an acute illness onset ( OR=1.589, 95 %CI 1.181-2.139) was the risk factor of violent behaviors, while having cohabitants ( OR=0.596, 95 %CI 0.410-0.867), being diagnosed as mental retardation comorbid with psychotic disorders ( OR=0.432, 95 %CI 0.199-0.938), having application for carers allowances ( OR=0.440, 95 %CI 0.319-0.606), and participating in family doctor services ( OR=0.642, 95 %CI 0.492-0.838) and community face-to-face interviews during 2019 ( OR (1-2 times vs. 0 times)=0.633, 95 %CI 0.466-0.861; OR (3-4 times vs. 0 times)=0.546, 95 %CI 0.368-0.811) were the protective factors. Conclusions:The incidence of violent behaviors is high in unmedicated patients with severe mental disorders with acute illness onset. The improvement of comprehensive level of community mental health services and the development of targeted intervention measures would help to reduce the occurrence of violent behaviors among unmedicated patients with severe mental disorders in the community.

Objective: To analyze the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of gastroenteritis virus in foodborne diseases from three cities in Shandong. Methods: From January to December 2017, six sentinel hospitals in Jinan, Yantai and Linyi city of Shandong Province were selected as the research sites. Stool samples of 1 397 diarrhea patients were collected, as well as basic information and clinical symptoms. Duplex quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect Norovirus genogroupⅠ (Nov GⅠ) and genogroupⅡ (Nov GⅡ), Sapovirus (SAV) and Human astrovirus (HAstV), respectively, quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect group A Rotavirus (RVA), and quantitative PCR was used to detect Enteric adenovirus (EAdV). The specific gene of the virus were sequenced and typed. It was compared that the gastroenteritis virus rate in cases with different characteristics and the clinical symptoms difference between the virus positive and negative cases. Results: The median age (P₂₅, P₇₅) was 23 (1, 42) , mainly male, 57.48% with 803 cased and children under 5 years old, 36.36% with 508 cases. The positive rate of gastroenteritis virus was 33.93% (474 cases), and that of Jinan, Linyi and Yantai City were 32.03% (147/459), 41.54% (189/455) and 28.57% (138/483), respectively (P<0.001). Nov GⅡ had the highest positive rate, 16.54% (231 cases), which, mainly GⅡ.P16/GⅡ.2 (48.28%, 56/116), peaked in May (24.75%, 50/202) and June (19.59%, 38/194). In patients of gastroenteritis virus positive, 44.51% (211/474) had vomiting symptoms, higher than that of patients of gastroenteritis virus negative (34.13%, 315/923). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion In Shandong Province, the majority of gastroenteritis patients were male and children under 5 years old. Nov GⅡ possessed highest epidemic intensity, and peaked in spring and summer. Viral gastroenteritis had atypical clinical symptoms.