OBJECTIVE To analyze the safety and efficacy of vonoprazan （VPZ） in the treatment of peptic ulcer （PU） and post-endoscopic submucosal dissection （ESD） ulcers， providing evidence-based pharmaceutical evidence for clinical practice and medical decision-making. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang， VIP， CBM， PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， and the Cochrane Library， meta-analyses/systematic reviews related to VPZ in the treatment of PU and post-ESD ulcers were collected. Two researchers independently performed literature screening， data extraction， quality assessment of included studies， and evaluation of literature overlap. By employing the umbrella review analysis， a fresh meta-analysis was conducted on all relevant raw research data when a high degree of overlap was identified among the included studies. RESULTS A total of 17 meta-analyses were included， with quality ranging from high to very low； all outcome measures involved showed a very high level of overlap in the included meta-analyses （corrected covered area： 22.22%-100%）. In the treatment of post-ESD ulcers， compared to proton pump inhibitor （PPI）， VPZ significantly improved the ulcer healing rate at 4 weeks post-ESD [RR＝1.27， 95%CI （1.03， 1.56）， Z＝2.21， P＝ 0.027] and the ulcer contraction rate post-ESD [MD＝0.08， 95%CI （0.00， 0.16）， Z＝2.09， P＝0.037]， while significantly reducing the ulcer recurrence rate in patients with a history of PU [RR＝0.49， 95%CI （0.32， 0.73）， Z＝3.49， P＝0.001]； the delayed bleeding rate in the VPZ group was significantly lower than that in the lansoprazole subgroup [RR＝0.47， 95%CI （0.25， 0.90）， Z＝2.28， P＝0.02]. In the treatment of PU， the incidence of adverse events with VPZ was significantly higher than that with PPI in the duodenal ulcer subgroup [RR＝1.13， 95%CI （1.02， 1.26）， Z＝2.38， P＝0.017]. CONCLUSIONS For post-ESD ulcers， VPZ demonstrates superior therapeutic efficacy compared to PPI and can reduce ulcer recurrence rates in patients with a history of PU. However， it does not offer advantages in terms of safety for duodenal ulcer treatment.

ObjectiveTo investigate how vitamin B₁₂ eye drops regulate MMP-9 and TNF-α expression levels in the corneas of dry eye disease （DED） mouse model induced by a combination of an artificially simulated dry environment （air humidity 30%） and subcutaneous injection of hyoscine hydrobromide. MethodsFifty C57BL/6 female mice were used in the study. 10 mice formed A group （blank control）， while the remaining 40 mice were subjected to dry eye disease induction through subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide in a controlled environment with 30% air humidity. All mice underwent schirmer I test （SIT）， tear break-up time （TBUT）， and corneal fluorescence staining score（CFS）evaluations. Mice meeting modeling criteria were randomly assigned to three groups： B group （model group）， C group （PBS control）， and D group （vitamin B₁₂ group）. 0， 7， 14， and 21 days after treatment， each group received TBUT， SIT， CFS， and corneal inflammation assessments. Macroscopic analysis evaluated the efficacy of vitamin B₁₂ eye drops in treating dry eye. After 21 days of treatment， all mice were euthanized via cervical dislocation and their corneas analyzed using HE staining to examine morphological changes. ELISA and immunohistochemical methods were employed to detect MMP-9 and TNF-α expression levels in corneal tissues across groups. ResultsIn dry environments （air humidity 30%）， subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide induced changes in dry eye-related indicators in mice： SIT significantly decreased， TBUT significantly shortened， corneal fluorescein staining increased， and CFS all significantly elevated （P 0.05）， indicating successful establishment of the dry eye model. A total of 30 dry eye mice were enrolled. When the dry eye model was successfully established without drug intervention， no statistically significant differences were observed between B group， C group and D group in terms of TBUT， SIT， corneal fluorescein staining， or CFS. Compared with A group， B group， C group and D group showed statistically significant differences in reduced SIT， shortened TBUT， increased corneal fluorescein staining， and elevated CFS （P 0.05）. After drug intervention， D group （vitamin B₁₂ group） exhibited significantly increased SIT， prolonged TBUT， reduced corneal fluorescein staining， clearer corneas， decreased fluorescein staining， and lower CFS compared with B and C groups（P 0.05）. ELISA and immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with A group， B and C groups exhibited significantly increased expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in corneal tissues （P 0.05）. D group showed decreased expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α compared with B and C groups but remained higher than A group （P 0.05）. ConclusionThe expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in the corneal tissues of mice with dry eye is elevated， suggesting that both inflammatory factors， MMP-9 and TNF-α， are involved in the development of dry eye. Vitamin B₁₂ eye drops may improve the symptoms of ocular surface discomfort by promoting the repair of the corneal epithelium. Vitamin B₁₂ eye drops may increase tear secretion， prolong tear film break up time， reduce corneal fluorescein staining， and alleviate the inflammatory reaction of the cornea by decreasing the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in the corneal tissues of the mice， thus playing a therapeutic role in the treatment of dry eye disease.

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is the mainstay for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the performance of the embolization material is crucial in TAE. With the development of medical imaging and the birth of "X-ray-free" technologies, we designed a new dual-mode imaging material of dimethoxy tetraphenyl ethylene (DMTPE) via emulsification by mixing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNA) with lipiodol and fluorocarbons, which was evaluated for temperature sensitivity, stability, and dual-mode visualization in vitro. Additionally, blood vessel casting embolization and renal artery imaging were assessed in healthy rabbits. In a rabbit model with a VX2 tumor, the effectiveness of TAE for treating HCC was examined, with an emphasis on evaluating long-term outcomes of embolization and its effects on tumor growth, necrosis, and proliferation through imaging techniques. In vitro experiments confirmed that the temperature-sensitive dual-oil-phase Pickering emulsion had good flow, stable contrast, and embolism when the oil-to-oil ratio and water-to-oil ratio were both 7:3 ( v/v) and stabilized with 8% PNA. Similarly, in vivo, arterial embolization confirmed the excellent properties of DMTPE prepared at the abovementioned ratios. It was observed that DMTPE not only has an antitumor effect but can also achieve dual imaging using X-rays and ultrasound, making it a promising excellent vascular embolization material for TAE in tumor treatment.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), characterized by fatty acid overload, secondary chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. While no effective pharmacotherapy exists for MAFLD, mitigating inflammatory responses represents a promising approach to preventing the progression from steatosis to severe steatohepatitis. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which detects endogenous danger and stress signals, has emerged as a significant target for inflammatory disease treatment, as transcriptional inactivation of its components demonstrates the therapeutic potential for MAFLD. Natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation have shown promising efficacy in MAFLD therapy. This review synthesizes the current understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and therapeutic targets for NLRP3 homeostasis. Additionally, natural products reported to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome for MAFLD improvement are categorized according to their mechanisms of action. The review also addresses limitations and future directions regarding natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in MAFLD treatment. Enhanced understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation mechanisms in MAFLD and the identification of novel natural products supported by mechanistic research will significantly advance MAFLD treatment.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology* ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Fatty Liver/immunology*

Background Psychological disturbances such as work-family conflict and depressive mood are prevalent among occupational groups and are closely related to eating behavior. Therefore, investigating the influencing factors of eating behavior is of great significance for promoting the health behaviors of occupational populations. Objective To clarify the current situation of eating behavior among the occupational populations aged 18 to 60 years in China, and to explore the relationship between work-family conflict, depressive mood, and eating behavior, and to test the mediating role of depressive mood in the relationship. Methods The study used a data set containing occupational populations aged 18 to 60 years extracted from the 2021 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents. The Work-Family Conflict Scale, the Chinese version of the Sakata Eating Behavior Scale Short Form, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-Depression Scale were used. Potential influencing factors of eating behavior of the occupational populations were evaluated by multiple linear regression. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships between work-family conflict, depressive mood, and eating behavior, and the Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effect of depressive mood on the relationship of work-family conflict and eating behavior. Results Among the occupational populations, the proportion of reporting high work-family conflict was 48.4%, and the proportion of reporting mild depression and above was 48.7%. The total score of eating behavior was (16.16±4.64), and the proportion of high abnormal eating behavior tendency was 39.1%. There were significant differences in eating behavior score among different age, educational level, marital status, number of offspring, occupation, smoking, and drinking groups (P<0.05). The partial correlation analysis showed that work-family conflict and depressive mood were positively correlated with abnormal eating behavior (r=0.367, 0.386, P<0.001); work-family conflict was positively correlated with depressive mood (r=0.466, P<0.001). The results of the multiple linear regression showed that depressive mood, work-family conflict, age, smoking, drinking, and education level were associated with eating behavior (P<0.05). The structural equation modeling indicated that work-family conflict positively associated with depressive mood (b=0.529, P<0.001), depressive mood positively associated with abnormal eating behavior (b=0.292, P<0.001), and work-family conflict positively associated with abnormal eating behavior (b=0.270, P<0.001). Depressive mood played a partial mediating role in the relationship between work-family conflict and eating behavior, and the effect value was 0.154 (95%CI: 0.132, 0.179) that accounted for 36.32% of the total effect. Conclusion Work-family conflict could directly affect the eating behavior among occupational populations, and also indirectly affect eating behavior through a mediating effect of depressive mood. Therefore, optimizing the allocation of tasks between work and family, providing psychological support in need, alleviating work-family conflict and depressive mood may improve the eating behavior and mental health of working populations.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of joint screening of the two primary immunodeficiency diseases [severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia(XLA)] and spinal muscular atrophy(SMA) in newborns by multiplex real-time quantitative PCR technology, and to provide evidence for early screening, diagnosis and treatment of children.Methods:Cross-sectional study. From July 2021 to January 2023, a total of 103 240 dry blood spots samples of newborns were collected which were delivered to Neonatal Disease Screening Center of Zhejiang by cold chain transportation. The concentrations of the T cell receptor excision ring (TREC), Kappa deletion of the recombinant excision loop (KREC), and exon 7 deletion of Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene in dry blood spots were simultaneously detected by multiplex real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, taken ribonuclease P/MRP 30 000 subunits (RPP30) as an internal reference gene. The positive newborns were further diagnosed by other laboratory tests and gene sequencing was taken as gold standard. Children samples from 1 case of SCID, 3 cases of XLA and 2 cases of SMA were used for positive verification. The correlation between detected concentration of TREC/KREC and basic information in newborns were analyzed. The differences among groups for each factor were analyzed.Results:One case of SCID, 2 cases of XLA, 9 cases of SMA and 7 cases of other genetic diseases (4 cases of DiGeorge syndrome, 1 case of trisomy 21 syndrome, 1 case of Noonan syndrome and 1 case of super male syndrome) were identified by multiplex real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The positive predictive values of screening neonatal SCID, XLA and SMA were 2.44% (1/41), 2.78% (2/72) and 9/9 respectively. Taking the samples from clinically diagnosed 1 case of SCID, 3 cases of XLA and 2 cases of SMA as positive validation samples, which were all identified. The detected results of TREC/KREC correlated with time of blood collection, sex, weight, gestational age and delivery mode of newborns, whose r values were 0.162/0.187, 0.066/0.032, 0.045/0.042, ?0.015/?0.088 and 0.014/0.068 respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Relying on current neonatal screening platform in Zhejiang, it is feasible to screen jointly two kinds of primary immunodeficiency diseases and spinal muscular atrophy in newborns by multiple real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology.

Objective:To investigate the methodological differences in the detection, the inflammatory markers and the pathogenic epidemiological characteristics of influenza A virus in clinical laboratories, in order to provide more diagnostic and epidemiological data for diagnosis and prevention for children with influenza A.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to collect 96 731 patients with suspected influenza A from January 2016 to October 2024 in Nanyang City Center Hospital from the Clinical Laboratory Testing Information System, including 5 731 patients with confirmed influenza A, aged 5.2 (2.8, 43.7) years old. We analyzed the distribution of influenza A patients from age and mixed infections, the relationship between patient age and positive detection rate by restricted cubic spline (RCS), analyzed differences in testing methods used Kappa consistency testing and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, established a model of inflammatory markers by logistic regression, as well as developed a prediction model and also the mutation of the hemagglutinin (HA) sequence of the influenza A subtype H3N2 virus using evolutionary tree analysis.Results:RCS analysis showed an inverted 'S' shaped non-linear relationship between the positive detection rate of influenza A and the age groups of the patients. Among the mixed infections, 1.43%(1 352/94 867) of the cases were combined with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The Kappa values of reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and serological indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for detecting influenza A in nasopharyngeal swabs and alveolar lavage fluid in clinical laboratories were 0.632 and 0.809, respectively, and those of magnetic particle chemiluminescence assay were 0.614 and 0.668, respectively, and the area under curves in ROC curve of IFA and RT-PCR were 0.869 and 0.792, respectively. The inflammatory indexes were usually elevated in severe children compared with mild children. By binary logistic regression model analysis, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer/fibrinogen and prognosis nutrition index were the risk factors and serum amyloid A/C reactive protein ratio was the protective factor for severe children with influenza A, and the OR values of the above factors were 1.760, 7.076, 1.045, and 0.719, respectively, and P<0.01. By the Bayesian Interdiction Criterion, the optimal seasonal autoregressive moving average mixed model for influenza A epidemics was ARIMA (1, 1, 1) (2, 1, 2) 12 with the highest prediction accuracy of 98.63%. The seven strains of H3N2 all belonged to the same isoforms, with nucleotide similarity of the HA gene ranging from 99.5% to 99.9%, and the glycosylation site, receptor-binding site, and the conserved amino acid residue Glycosylation sites, receptor binding sites and conserved amino acid residues remained unchanged. HA sequence analysis showed that the prevalent strains in Nanyang had undergone mutation to different degree compared with the vaccine strains. Conclusion:Scientific and rational testing and characteristic inflammatory markers in the clinical laboratory are of great clinical value in the diagnosis of children with severe influenza A. At the same time, the epidemiological monitoring of influenza A variants should be strengthened.

Transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)is the mainstay for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and the performance of the embolization material is crucial in TAE.With the development of medical imaging and the birth of"X-ray-free"technologies,we designed a new dual-mode imaging material of dimethoxy tetraphenyl ethylene(DMTPE)via emulsification by mixing poly(N-iso-propylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)(PNA)with lipiodol and fluorocarbons,which was evaluated for temperature sensitivity,stability,and dual-mode visualization in vitro.Additionally,blood vessel casting embolization and renal artery imaging were assessed in healthy rabbits.In a rabbit model with a VX2 tumor,the effectiveness of TAE for treating HCC was examined,with an emphasis on evaluating long-term outcomes of embolization and its effects on tumor growth,necrosis,and proliferation through imaging techniques.In vitro experiments confirmed that the temperature-sensitive dual-oil-phase Pickering emulsion had good flow,stable contrast,and embolism when the oil-to-oil ratio and water-to-oil ratio were both 7∶3(v/v)and stabilized with 8％PNA.Similarly,in vivo,arterial embolization confirmed the excellent properties of DMTPE prepared at the abovementioned ratios.It was observed that DMTPE not only has an antitumor effect but can also achieve dual imaging using X-rays and ultrasound,making it a promising excellent vascular embolization material for TAE in tumor treatment.

Background Depressive moods among occupational population are prevalent, which seriously affect their mental-physical health and socioeconomic productivity. This has become an urgent public health concern. Objective To understand current situation of depressive mood among an occupational population aged 18 to 60 covering 120 cities of China, and to explore the relationship between work-family conflict and depressive mood as well as the role of life stress in the relationship, as to provide a scientific basis for developing measures to reduce depressive mood in the occupational population. Methods Using the data of the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents in 2021, an occupational population aged 18 to 60 years was selected as study subjects. A total of 3785 subjects were included in the study. The Work-Family Conflict Scale, Subjective Life Stress Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-Depression Scale were used to assess the work-family conflict, life stress, and depressive mood of the subjects. Harman's single-factor method was used to evaluate common method bias in the survey data. One-way ANOVA was applied to test the difference in work-family conflict, life stress, and depressive mood among occupational population by demographic characteristics, and chi-square test was used to analyze the difference in reporting depressive mood. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between selected variables. Process plug-in was used to test potential mediating effect of life stress on work-family conflict and depressive emotion. Results The scores of work-family conflict, life stress, and depressive mood among the occupational population were 24.60±8.28, 9.28±3.78, and 5.43±5.30, respectively. The prevalence rates of depressive mood was 48.7% (1888/3875). The score of depressive mood among occupational population who never smoked was significantly higher than that of those who smoked (P<0.01). The partial correlation analysis showed that work-family conflict and life stress were positively correlated with depressive mood (r=0.472 and 0.447, P<0.001); work-family conflict was positively correlated with life stress (r=0.361, P<0.001). The mediation analysis results showed that work-family conflict positively associated with life stress (b=0.361, P<0.001); life stress positively associated with depressive mood (b=0.318, P<0.001); work-family conflict positively associated with depressive mood (b=0.357, P<0.001), and played a partial mediating role in the relationship between work-family conflict and depressive mood with an effect size of 0.115 (95%CI: 0.099, 0.130) that accounted for 24.36% of the total effect. Conclusion Work-family conflict may not only directly affect depressive mood among occupational population, but also indirectly affect depressive mood through a mediating effect of life stress.

Objective To analyze the status of persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the distribution of viral subtypes in the Zhengzhou region. Methods Clinical data of 55239 patients who underwent HPV-DNA genotyping tests from 2018 to 2024 were collected. On the basis of HPV follow-up results, patients were divided into three groups: 849 cases of infection with the same HPV type, 255 cases of persistent infection with different HPV types, and 857 cases of transient HPV infection. Results Among the 9232 initially-screened patients who were positive with HPV, the high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) positive rate was 84.6% (7813/9232), and predominant subtypes were HPV-16 (20.8%), HPV-52 (17.2%), and HPV-53 (9.6%). The low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) positive rate was 15.4% (1419/9232), mainly HPV-81 (28.1%) and HPV-42 (27.0%). Among the 1961 follow-up cases, the rates of persistent and non-persistent infections with the same HPV type were 35.7% (701/1961) and 7.5% (148/1961), respectively. The rates of persistent and non-persistent infections with different HPV types were 10.9% (214/1961) and 2.1% (41/1961), respectively. Meanwhile, 43.7% (857/1961) tested negative upon follow-up. Among the 701 cases of persistent infection with the same HPV type, HR-HPV accounted for 85.7% (601/701), and LR-HPV accounted for 14.3% (100/701). Among the 214 cases of persistent infection with different HPV types, 89.7% (192/214) were high-risk transitions, and 10.3% (22/214) were low-risk transitions. Regardless of HPV types, HR-HPV was more likely to cause persistent infection than LR-HPV. In addition, over 60% of HR-HPV persistent infections resolved within 18 months, 30% developed into persistent infections, and only 15% of patients had persistent infections that last more than 24 months. Conclusion Persistent HPV infections are predominantly high-risk types. Most patients clear the infection within 18 months, approximately 30% develop persistent infections, and about 15% of patients have persistent infections that last more than 24 months. However, the HR-HPV persistent infection rates across different age groups slightly differ.