Metastatic dissemination is the major cause of death from breast-cancer (BC). Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n) is widely enriched in BC and has recently been identified as one of the high-risk factors for promoting BC metastasis. Here, with an experimental model, we demonstrated that intratumoral F.n induced BC aggressiveness by transcriptionally activating Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated genes. Therefore, the F.n may be a potential target to prevent metastasis. Given the fact that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are abundant in BC and located near blood vessels, we report an optogenetic system that drives CAF to in situ produce human antibacterial peptide LL37, with the characteristics of biosafety and freely intercellular trafficking, for depleting intratumoral F.n, leading to a 72.1% reduction in lung metastatic nodules number without affecting the balance of the systemic flora. Notably, mild photothermal treatment was found that could normalize CAF, contributing to synergistically inhibiting BC metastasis. In addition, the system can also simultaneously encode a gene of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand to suppress the primary tumor. Together, our study highlights the potential of local elimination of tumor pathogenic bacteria to prevent BC metastasis.

OBJECTIVE To establish HPLC methods with different separation principles to analyze the relevant impurities in the APIs of bivalirudin from seven enterprises, to provide a basis for the comprehensive control of related substances of bivalirudin. METHODS Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC) was used to separate and analyze 11 kinds of impurities. Hydrophilic chromatography(HILIC)-HPLC was used to control four process impurities. Polymers were determined by size exclusion chromatography(SEC)-HPLC. RESULTS The established RP-HPLC could effectively separate the principal component and 11 impurities, the correction factors of 11 impurities were between 0.8−1.2, the detection concentration of bivalirudin was 0.1 μg·mL−1, and the detection limit was 0.004%. The established HILIC-HPLC could effectively separate the principal components and four process impurities, and the detection concentration of bivalirudin was 0.3 μg·mL−1, and the detection limit was 0.01%. Under SEC-HPLC conditions, the polymer and bivalirudin peaked sequentially, the resolution of the two was 2.9, the detection concentration of bivalirudin was 6 ng·mL−1, and the detection limit was 0.000 6%. Fifteen kinds of known impurities and polymers in 15 batches of samples from 7 enterprises were calculated by the self-control method of principal components, and the impurity contents from different enterprises had a certain correlation with their production processes. CONCLUSION The three different principles of the method have good specificity, high sensitivity, good durability, and reliable results, and can be used for quality control of substances related to bivalirudin.

Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (R-PCI) is an innovative way of performing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) whereby the operator can manipulate coronary intraluminal guidewires and catheter devices by using remotely controlled technology. Performing tele-R-PCI from a remote location via fifth generation network communication technology has never been reported in China; however, if this were possible, the technique could be used to treat many patients with coronary artery disease who would otherwise not have the opportunity of treatment. The case of a 73-year-old male patient with coronary artery disease who underwent successful tele-R-PCI at 800 km from the operators is presented. Performing long-distance tele-R-PCI in patients with coronary artery disease is feasible with predictably successful outcomes when reliable network connectivity and local cardiac catheterization facilities are present.

Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (R-PCI) is an innovative way of performing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) whereby the operator can manipulate coronary intraluminal guidewires and catheter devices by using remotely controlled technology. Performing tele-R-PCI from a remote location via fifth generation network communication technology has never been reported in China; however, if this were possible, the technique could be used to treat many patients with coronary artery disease who would otherwise not have the opportunity of treatment. The case of a 73-year-old male patient with coronary artery disease who underwent successful tele-R-PCI at 800 km from the operators is presented. Performing long-distance tele-R-PCI in patients with coronary artery disease is feasible with predictably successful outcomes when reliable network connectivity and local cardiac catheterization facilities are present.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of needling the three trembling points plus rehabilitation and taking levodopaand benserazide hydrochlo-ride.Method Ninety-three patients with early Parkinson's disease were randomized into group A of 32 cases, group B of 30 cases, and group C of 31 cases. Group A was intervened by needling the three trembling points plus rehabilitation and taking levodopaand benserazide hydrochlo-ride, group B by rehabilitation and taking levodopaand benserazide hydrochlo-ride, while group C by taking levodopaand benserazide hydrochlo-ride. UPDRSⅢ scores and Berg balance scale (BBS) scores were observed.Result After intervention, UPDRSⅢ scores and BBS scores were significantly changed in all groups (P<0.05). UPDRSⅢ scores of group A were markedly different form that of group B and C (P<0.05). BBS scores of group A and B were markedly different form that of group C (P<0.05).Conclusion Needling the three trembling points plus rehabilitation and taking levodopaand benserazide hydrochlo-ride can improve motor function and equilibrium function in the early Parkinson's disease patients.

Objective:This study aimed to clarify the correlation of SPRY4-IT1 expression with the clinicopathological character-istics and prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), as well as the role of SPRY4-IT1 in promoting ES-CC cell growth. Methods:Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for SPRY4-IT1 expression was performed on 50 paired can-cerous and adjacent non-cancerous esophageal specimens. Small interfering RNA was used to suppress SPRY4-IT1 expression to fur-ther explore its role in tumor progression. Cell viability was tested in vitro by MTT assay (OD=490 nm), and cell apoptosis and cell cy-cle were investigated by flow cytometry. Results:We found markedly elevated SPRY4-IT1 expression in cancerous tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues (90%, P<0.01). Relative SPRY4-IT1 expression levels were correlated with some clinicopathologi-cal characteristics, such as tumor size (χ2=5.333, P=0.021), elevated TNM (2009) stage classi fi cation (χ2=5.556, P=0.018), and de-creased overall survival rates (χ2=5.296, P=0.021). SPRY4-IT1 expression level was not correlated with patient age, gender, smoking status, or alcohol consumption (all P>0.05). Further experiments showed that SPRY4-IT1 expression levels were significantly higher in three ESCC cell lines than in the normal human esophageal epithelial cell line Het-1A. In vitro assays of the ESCC cell line KYSE30 demonstrated that knockdown of SPRY4-IT1 expression by small interfering RNA reduced cell growth, mediated cell cycle arrest at the G0-G1 phase, and promoted cell apoptosis (all P<0.01). Conclusion:SPRY4-IT1 was overexpressed in ESCC tissues and ESCC cell lines and promoted the growth of ESCC cells. The dysregulated expression of long non-coding RNA SPRY4-IT1 may play an important role in the process of ESCC development and may be developed as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ESCC.

ObjectiveTo review our experience in the use of a pedicled umbilical vein graft in the repair of the defect in the bile duct in Mirizzi's syndrome. MethodsThis is a retrospective study on the use of a pedicled umbilical vein graft to repair the defect in the bile duct in 35 patients with Mi rizzi's syndrome. These patients suffered for Mirizzi's syndrome type Ⅱ in 19 patients, type Ⅲ in 15 patients, and type Ⅳ in 1 patient. ResultsThere was no peri-operative death. Five patients developed postoperative biliary leak which healed spontaneously after drainage of the bile collection. All patients had been followed up for at least 6 months, and 27 patients had been followed up for 3 years.There was no biliary complication. ConclusionsBile duct reconstruction with a pedicled umbilical vein graft is simple. It is a good procedure to repair the defect in the bile duct in Mirizzi's syndrome.

Objective To explore the optimal electrophysiologieal approach for detecting Riehe-Cannieu anastomosis(RCA),an anomalous anastomosis between the deep branch of ulnar nerve and the recurrent branch of the medial nerve in the palm of the hand,and to estimate its incidence. Methods One hundred subjects(56 male,44 female,mean age 37.8 years)without any hand motor or sensory dysfunction were selected randomly.The ulnar nerve was stimulated at both the elbow and wrist,and recordings were made from the abductor pollicis brevis,which is normally innervated by the medial nerve,to document any compound muscle action potentials(CMAP).CMAP recorded from both points during stimulation is an accepted indicator of RCA.Group A comprised 40 hands of 20 subjects,while group B included 160 hands of 80 subjects.Surface electrode stimulation was used in both groups.Surface and needle electrode recording was used in group A,while only needle electrode recording was used in group B.Results In group A,31 hands of 16 subjects were found to have RCA by means of surface electrode recording,but only 6 hands of 3 subjects were found to have RCA by means of concentric needle electrode recording.There was a difference of up t0 80.6% between results obtained by the 2 recording methods.In group B,35 hands of 20 subjects were found to have RCA.A total of 41 hands of 23 subjects among the 100 were found to have RCA when concentric needle electrode recording was used(20.5%incidence). Conclusion The type of recording electrode influences the accuracy of RCA examination.An accurate and reliable result can be obtained by using a concentric needle electrode.The abductor pollicis brevis can be anomalously innervated by the ulnar nerve because of RCA.When both the medial and ulnar nerve have been injured.RCA might result in anomalous clinical symptoms and electrophysiological findings.Thoroughly understanding this anomaly is of crucial importance in the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of medial or ulnar nerve injury,as well as to avoid mistakenly interpreting the electrophysiological data when Riche-Cannieu anastomosis is present.

BACKGROUND: After neural precursor cells (NPCs) induced from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been grafted into the brain, it would still keep some potency of proliferation and differentiation, strong plasticity and integration into the host neural tissues, which would help to observe the therapeutic effect of PD.OBJECTIVE: To observe the differentiation of mouse ESCs into NPCs and the therapeutic effect of NPCs after being transplanted on the behavior of Parkinson disease (PD) rats.DESIGN: Randomly and controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Staff Room of physiology and Staff Room of Neurobiology, Depayment of Basic Medical Sciences, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Totally 50 healthy adult Wistar rats were chosen and randomly divided into experimental group (n=45) and control group (n=5).METHODS: ① 5 μ L (2 g/L)6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was injected into substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area two points in the experimental group to prepare PD rats, and normal saline with the dosage of 5 μL per point was injected into the rats in the control group.Behavioral test began at 1 week after operation to measure successful rate of model establishing, once a week for 7 consecutive weeks. ② Totally 20 successful PD rat models were chosen to perform corpus striatum NPCs with the dosage of 2 μL [the count of cell suspension was (5-8)×106/μL].The other 5 rats were given 2 μL normal saline at corpus striatum as normal saline control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Successful rate of PD model. ②Effect of NPCs transplantation on the rotation times of PD models. ③ Distribution of transplanted NPCs in vivo, and survival and differentiation.RESULTS: ①6 weeks later, totally 33 of 45 rats in the experimental group achieve the standard of PD model . ② About 85% of mouse ESCs were differentiated into Nestin-positive NPCs 5 days after the embryoid bodies formed in the bacterial dishes and cultured in the N2 serum-free medium. ③The rotation times of the PD rats was significantly decreased after the intracerebral transplantation of NPCs as compared with normal control group. Most of the NPCs grafted into striatum of PD rats were survived, and some were differentiated into TH-positive neurons.CONCLUSION: The mouse ESCs-derived NPCs could be transplanted into striatum of PD rats, and then differentiated into TH-positive neurons,which leads to the obvious decrease of rotation times.

ive] To explore a new method of evaluating the healing of fractures. [Methods] Self-con trolled trial was applied. Bone mineral density ( BMD) of fracture end (region 3, R 3 ) and its neighboring proximal and distal regions ( R 2 and R 1 respectively) in 126 cases of fracture of lower end of radius was deter mined by dual-energy X-ray absorptionmetry. [Results] BMD of R3 elevated as compared with that of R 2 and R1 (P