Objective To investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy regulating the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in prostate tissue in experimental autoimmune prostatitis(EAP)rats and to provide a theoretical basis for the study of new drug development.Methods A numerical table of 40 SD male rats was randomly divided into 8 groups.Namely,normal group(N),model group(M),rapamycin group(RAP),rapamycin+mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor group(RAP+Mdivi-1),autophagy inhibitor group(3MA),mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor group(Mdivi-1),Caspase1 inhibitor group(Caspase1),NLRP3 inhibitor group(NLRP3),5 animals per group.After drug intervention,HE staining,immunofluorescence,colorimetry,and WB method were used to observe the relevant indexes.Results Compared with group N,the structural damage of prostate gland was obvious in group M.Compared with the M group,the prostate gland structure in RAP group,Caspase-1 group and NLRP3 group were improved.However,that in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group was not improved,and even destroyed more obvi-ously.Compared with group N,the co-expression of LC3-II and LAMP-1 was enhanced,mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased,ROS release level was significantly increased in prostate tissue of rats in group M.Com-pared with the M group,the above indexes in RAP group and NLRP3 group were significantly improved.However,the above indexes in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group became worse.Compared with group N,the protein expressions of DRP1,PINK1 and Parkin in prostate mitochondria of rats in group M were increased,and the protein expres-sions of OPA1 was decreased.Compared with group M,the protein expressions of DRP1,PINK1 and Parkin in RAP group and NLRP3 group were significantly increased,while those in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group were sig-nificantly decreased.OPA1 protein expression was significantly decreased in the RAP group.The protein expression of Parkin in Caspase-1 group was decreased,but the protein expression of DRP1,OPA1 and PINK1 had no significant difference.Compared with group N,the protein expressions of LC3II/LC3I,Beclin1,NLRP3,ASC,Cleaced-Caspase1,Cleaced-IL-1β,and IL-18 in prostate tissue of rats in group M were increased,while the protein expres-sions of P62 was decreased.Compared with M group,LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 protein expressions in RAP group and NLRP3 group were significantly increased,while those in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group were significantly decreased.Compared with M group,P62,NLRP3,ASC,Cleaced-Caspase1,Cleaced-IL-1β and IL-18 protein expressions in RAP group and NLRP3 group were significantly decreased,while those in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group were significantly increased.Compared with M group,the protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Cleaced-Caspase1,Cleaced-IL-1β,and IL-18 in Caspase-1 group were significantly reduced,but the protein expressions of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,Beclin1,and P62 were not statistically significant.Conclusions NLRP3 inflammatosome is involved in the progression of chronic prostatitis in EAP rats.Mitochondrial autophagy mediates the occurrence and development of prostatitis in EAP by regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in prostate tissue.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial autophagy regulating the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in prostate tissue in experimental autoimmune prostatitis(EAP)rats and to provide a theoretical basis for the study of new drug development.Methods A numerical table of 40 SD male rats was randomly divided into 8 groups.Namely,normal group(N),model group(M),rapamycin group(RAP),rapamycin+mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor group(RAP+Mdivi-1),autophagy inhibitor group(3MA),mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor group(Mdivi-1),Caspase1 inhibitor group(Caspase1),NLRP3 inhibitor group(NLRP3),5 animals per group.After drug intervention,HE staining,immunofluorescence,colorimetry,and WB method were used to observe the relevant indexes.Results Compared with group N,the structural damage of prostate gland was obvious in group M.Compared with the M group,the prostate gland structure in RAP group,Caspase-1 group and NLRP3 group were improved.However,that in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group was not improved,and even destroyed more obvi-ously.Compared with group N,the co-expression of LC3-II and LAMP-1 was enhanced,mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased,ROS release level was significantly increased in prostate tissue of rats in group M.Com-pared with the M group,the above indexes in RAP group and NLRP3 group were significantly improved.However,the above indexes in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group became worse.Compared with group N,the protein expressions of DRP1,PINK1 and Parkin in prostate mitochondria of rats in group M were increased,and the protein expres-sions of OPA1 was decreased.Compared with group M,the protein expressions of DRP1,PINK1 and Parkin in RAP group and NLRP3 group were significantly increased,while those in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group were sig-nificantly decreased.OPA1 protein expression was significantly decreased in the RAP group.The protein expression of Parkin in Caspase-1 group was decreased,but the protein expression of DRP1,OPA1 and PINK1 had no significant difference.Compared with group N,the protein expressions of LC3II/LC3I,Beclin1,NLRP3,ASC,Cleaced-Caspase1,Cleaced-IL-1β,and IL-18 in prostate tissue of rats in group M were increased,while the protein expres-sions of P62 was decreased.Compared with M group,LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 protein expressions in RAP group and NLRP3 group were significantly increased,while those in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group were significantly decreased.Compared with M group,P62,NLRP3,ASC,Cleaced-Caspase1,Cleaced-IL-1β and IL-18 protein expressions in RAP group and NLRP3 group were significantly decreased,while those in 3-MA group and Mdivi-1 group were significantly increased.Compared with M group,the protein expressions of NLRP3,ASC,Cleaced-Caspase1,Cleaced-IL-1β,and IL-18 in Caspase-1 group were significantly reduced,but the protein expressions of LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ,Beclin1,and P62 were not statistically significant.Conclusions NLRP3 inflammatosome is involved in the progression of chronic prostatitis in EAP rats.Mitochondrial autophagy mediates the occurrence and development of prostatitis in EAP by regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in prostate tissue.

The epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus, later named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still gradually spreading worldwide. The nucleic acid test or genetic sequencing serves as the gold standard method for confirmation of infection, yet several recent studies have reported false-negative results of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Here, we report two representative false-negative cases and discuss the supplementary role of clinical data with rRT-PCR, including laboratory examination results and computed tomography features. Coinfection with SARS-COV-2 and other viruses has been discussed as well.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method in treatment of rectal cancer.Methods The retrospective cohort study was adopted.The clinical data of 237 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from June 2004 to June 2009 were collected.Among 237 patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer,120 using laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method were allocated into the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 117 using laparoscopic ultrasound knife's method were allocated into the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group.Observation indicators included:(1)treatment situations:operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph node dissected,time to anal exsufflation,time for out-of-bed activity,duration of hospital stay,treatment expenses and occurrence of complications(anastomotic leakage,intestinal obstruction,postoperative dysuresia and sexual dysfunction),(2)follow-up situations.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect tumor recurrence and metastasis up to December 18,2014.The colonoscopy,chest X-ray and abdominal computed tomography(CT)were applied to suspected patients with local or distal tumor recurrence.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented asx±s and comparison between groups was analyzed using t test.Count data were analyzed using chi-square test or Fisher exact probability.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rate was analyzed using the Log-rank test.Results(1)Treatment situations:all the patients underwent successful laparoscopic surgery,without conversion to open surgery.Operation time,number of lymph node dissected,time to anal exsufflation,time for out-of-bed activity and duration of hospital stay were respectively(156±33)minutes,18±2,(1.5±0.6)days,(1.5±0.5)days,(7.5±2.5)days in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and(175±21)minutes,16±4,(1.6±0.5)days,(1.4±0.5)days,(8.0±1.8)days in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference in the above indexes between the 2 groups(t=25.324,20.117,21.477,1.617,1.770,P＞0.05).Volume of intraoperative blood loss and treatment expenses were respectively(116±12)mL,(2.4±0.3)×104 yuan in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and(149±25)mL,(2.8±0.2)×104 yuan in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the 2 groups(t=212.740,211.071,P＜0.05).Anastomotic leakage,intestinal obstruction and dysuresia or sexual dysfunction were respectively detected in 6,3,0 in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 7,3,5 in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference in the anastomotic leakage and intestinal obstruction between the 2 groups(x2=0.110,P＞0.05)and with a statistically significant difference in the dysuresia or sexual dysfunction between the 2 groups(P＜0.05).All the patients received postoperative chemotherapy of FOLFOX regimens for 6 cycles.(2)Followup situations:226 patients were followed up for a median time of 52 months(range,11-121 months),and 11 patients lost to follow-up were included in the study as censored data,including 5 in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 6 in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group.During the follow-up,67 patients were dead,including 58 died of tumor recurrence and metastasis,4 died of cerebral hemorrhage,3 died of myocardial infarction and 2 died of renal failure.The overall survival rate and overall survival time were 70.36％and 51 months.The overall local tumor recurrence rate,distal tumor recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate were 8.33％(10/120),25.83％(31/120),71.7％in the laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'group and 7.69％(9/117),29.06％(34/117),72.4％in the laparoscopic ultrasound knife's group,with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups(x2=0.033,0.310,0.002,P＞0.05).Conclusion The laparoscopic electrocoagulating hook'method in treatment of rectal cancer is safe and effective compared with traditional laparoscopic surgery,and it could also reduce the incidence of autonomic nerve-related complications and treatment expenses.