Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative-Control/Avoidance of Bleeding developed a strategy for platelet and plasma infusion management in critically ill children based on systematic reviews and consensus meetings of international multidisciplinary experts. One good practice statement and six expert consensus statements were proposed for plasma and platelet transfusions in critically ill children following severe trauma, traumatic brain injury, and/or intracranial hemorrhage. This article introduces the specific methods and basis for the formation of recommendations in this part of the guide.

Migraine is a complex chronic central nervous system disorder with a gradually increasing prevalence rate around the world， causing a significant healthcare burden.Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of migraine through the bidirectional communication network of the gut-brain axis. This article systematically reviews the association and mechanisms between the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis and migraine， in order to provide new perspectives for in-depth research and clinical prevention and treatment of migraine.

HDAC7, a member of class IIa HDACs, plays a pivotal regulatory role in tumor, immune, fibrosis, and angiogenesis, rendering it a potential therapeutic target. Nevertheless, due to the high similarity in the enzyme active sites of class IIa HDACs, inhibitors encounter challenges in discerning differences among them. Furthermore, the substitution of key residue in the active pocket of class IIa HDACs renders them pseudo-enzymes, leading to a limited impact of enzymatic inhibitors on their function. In this study, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology was employed to develop HDAC7 drugs. We developed an exceedingly selective HDAC7 PROTAC degrader B14 which showcased superior inhibitory effects on cell proliferation compared to TMP269 in various diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Subsequent investigations unveiled that B14 disrupts BCL6 forming a transcriptional inhibition complex by degrading HDAC7, thereby exerting proliferative inhibition in DLBCL. Our study broadened the understanding of the non-enzymatic functions of HDAC7 and underscored the importance of HDAC7 in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly in DLBCL and AML.

Global public health faces substantial challenges from malignant tumors and infectious diseases. Vaccination provides an approach for treating and preventing these diseases. Oral vaccinations are particularly advantageous in disease treatment and prevention due to their non-invasive nature, high patient compliance, convenience, cost-effectiveness, and capacity to stimulate comprehensive and adaptive immune responses. However, the overwhelming majority of oral vaccines remain in experimental development, struggling with clinical and commercial translation due to their suboptimal efficacy. Thus, enhancing scientists' understanding of the interaction between vaccines and gastrointestinal immune system, creating antigen delivery systems suitable for the gut mucosal environment, developing more potent antigenic epitopes, and using personalized combination therapies are critical for advancing the next generation of oral vaccines. This article explores the fundamental principles and applications of current oral anti-tumor and anti-infective vaccines and discusses considerations necessary for designing future oral vaccines.

Heart failure is the end stage of multiple cardiovascular diseases, which can easily form venous thromboembolism (VTE) due to the combination of vascular wall injury, hypercoagulable state and decreased blood flow velocity. VTE is an important cause of death in patients with heart failure. By adopting active VTE prevention strategies, the rehospitalization rate and incidence of VTE in patients can be reduced, and the health outcomes of patients can be improved. This article summarizes the incidence, mechanism, risk factors, preventive measures, evaluation tools, and nursing measures of heart failure combined with VTE, in order to provide reference for preventing VTE in heart failure patients.

Malignancies are diseases resulting from an imbalance of cell growth and proliferation， endangering human health and life. Currently， there is no clinically effective treatment for tumors. Tumor cells may alter cell adhesion and tumor cell migration and movement by degrading the extracellular matrix， generating vascular factors， affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transformation， or altering the tumor microenvironment. The mechanisms which lead to multidrug resistance （MDR） are the regulation of membrane proteins， apoptosis-regulated gene expression， enzyme-mediated multidrug resistance， DNA damage repair， and epithelial-stromal transformation， resulting in ineffective treatment of tumors. Therefore， the search for natural， safe， and effective chemosensitizers has become a critical part in tumor research. Due to the increasing use of Chinese medicine in cancer treatment， researchers have conducted more extensive studies on its monomers and compounds. In addition， the mechanisms of Chinese medicine in inhibiting tumor invasion and metastasis and reversing drug resistance are gradually unraveled. The monomers and compounds of Chinese medicine may inhibit tumor invasion， metastasis， and drug resistance by enhancing the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs and adjuvant properties. Furthermore， they can also improve the tolerance of patients to chemotherapy drugs， relieve side effects of chemotherapy， reduce the chance of recurrence， and prolong the life of patients. The development of traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in reducing tumor recurrence and metastasis， reversing drug resistance， prolonging the prognosis of cancer patients， improving their quality of life， and prolonging their survival time. Currently， various types of Chinese medicines have been proven to be capable of reducing tumor invasion and metastasis， and reversing drug resistance. The present article reviewed development and findings of Chinese medicine as an anti-tumor invasion， anti-metastasis， and anti-tumor resistance therapy in recent years， in order to provide ideas for future research on anti-tumor effect of active components in Chinese medicine.

Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is one of the complications after radiotherapy for head and neck malignant tumors, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The pathophysiological mechanism of RBI is not completely clear. Current studies suggest that it is involved in a variety of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas astrocyte, as the largest number of glial cells in the CNS, plays an important role in maintaining the CNS homeostasis and responding to CNS injury. In this article, the role of astrocytes in RBI was reviewed.

Objective　To compare pain in patients with young-onset (YOPD) and late-onset (LOPD) Parkinson’s disease and analyze influencing factors.Methods　Seventy participants who visiting outpatient and inpatient of the neurology department of the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from October 2018 to July 2020 were selected and divided into YOPD and LOPD group according to age and Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) Scale.General data were collected.The king’s Parkinson’s disease pain scale (KPPS)，part 3 of the Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS-Ⅲ).The hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD） were used to assess the item of pain,motor function and prevalence of depression.And further analyses of their effects on pain were made.Results　Compared with LOPD patients,YOPD patients had lower mean age,HAMA score and prevalence of hypertension and constipation,longer mean duration of disease,higher mean HAMD score,MMSE score,KPPS score and incidence of pain (P<0.05).Compared with LOPD patients with pain,YOPD patients with pain had higher prevalence of pain occurring in the waist,lower prevalence of pain occurring in the legs (P<0.05).YOPD patients with pain had higher mean UPDRS-Ⅲ score,HAMD score,HAMA score and dyskinesia stage than those without pain (P<0.05).LOPD patients with pain had higher mean HAMD score,HAMA score and dyskinesia stage than those without pain (P<0.05).Conclusion　Patients with YOPD have a higher incidence of PD pain and more severe pain than those with LOPD.The more severe the emotional disorders and motor symptoms are,the more likely they will suffer from pain.Clinicians should standardize the treatment of pain according to the type and location of pain in PD patients,so as to improve the quality of life of patients.

Objective:To explore the application effect of WeChat-based IIFAR combined with progressive exercise prescription in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) .Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 90 ACS patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University were selected as the research objects from June 2017 to June 2019. The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 45 cases in each group by random number method. Patients in the control group adopted conventional nursing methods, while patients in the intervention group used WeChat-based IIFAR combined with progressive exercise prescription intervention. Coronary Self-Management Behavior Scale (CSMS) , 6 min walking test and exercise load test were used to compare the effects of the intervention.Results:A total of 3 cases in the control group and 1 case in the observation group dropped out. None of the patients had any adverse cardiac events during the study period. The scores of daily life management, social emotional management and medical disease management behaviors of the observation group were higher than those of the control group at 3 months after operation, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Three months after the operation, the 6-min walking distance and maximum exercise load of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:WeChat-based IIFAR combined with progressive exercise prescription can improve the exercise load and self-management behavior of ACS patients after PCI.

Objective To evaluate the effect of contrast medium on the renal function in patients with cerebrovascular disease accompanied by diabetes mellitus after receiving neuro - interventional therapy. Methods The clinical data of a total of 108 patients with cerebrovascular disease complicated by diabetes mellitus type 2, who were treated with neuro - interventional therapy during the period from March 2013 to March 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. The contrast dose used in interventional procedures was less than 250ml in each patient. The preoperative and 24 h -postoperative serum creatinine (sCr), serum cystatin C (Cys C) levels were determined, and based on the modification of dietary renal disease (MDRD) equation and Larsson equation the estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were separately calculated. Results Compared with preoperative values, the 24 h - postoperative mean sCr and Cys C levels were increased significantly (P=0. 001, P=0. 015 respectively), while the average eGFR rates were remarkably decreased (P＜ 0. 000 1 by using MDRD equation, and P=0. 021 by using Larsson equation). No kidney damage that needed to be treated occurred in all patients. Conclusion The contrast dose used in neuro - interventional procedures can cause decline of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The combined determination of sCr and Cys C levels is helpful for the detection of contrast - induced changes in renal function as early as possible. The use of conventional dose of contrast agent in neuro - interventional procedures is safe for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (J Intervent Radiol, 2018, 27:277-280)