Objective:To evaluate the long-term protective efficacy of the recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived hepatitis B vaccine（CHO-HepB）26 years post-vaccination in the rural China.Methods:Zhengding county，Hebei province was designated as a rural monitoring site for CHO-HepB efficacy. Study participants included individuals born between 1997 and 1999 who had completed the three-dose CHO-HepB primary series without booster doses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in late 2024 using random sampling. Demographic and vaccination history data were collected via questionnaires，and hepatitis B virus（HBV）serological markers were detected using chemiluminescence. Historical surveillance data were integrated to infer infection statuses of HBsAg-positive individuals and evaluate longitudinal trends in anti-HBs seropositivity and antibody titers.Results:Among 178 participants（mean time since vaccination：26.2 years），the seroprevalence rates were 0.6% for HBsAg（95% CI：0.0%-1.6%），64.6% for anti-HBs（95% CI：57.6%-71.6%），and 1.1% for anti-HBc（95% CI：0.0%-2.7%）. Compared to the pre-vaccination baseline HBsAg positivity of 11.3% in children under 10 years of age，the estimated vaccine protection rate was 95%. Two notable cases were identified：one with concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity and one with anti-HBs and anti-HBc positivity，suggestive of transient HBV exposure（1999—2009）without chronicity. Natural immune boosting was inferred for the latter case based on anti-HBs titer dynamics. Longitudinal analysis of four prior cross-sectional surveys（2005，2009，2013，and 2017）revealed no significant upward trends in HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity（both P>0.05）over 26 years，while anti-HBs seropositivity declined significantly（ P<0.05）from 6 to 26 years post-vaccination. Conclusion:The CHO-HepB vaccine demonstrates sustained immunological persistence and robust long-term protection up to 26 years post-immunization. Continued emphasis on rigorous implementation of mother-to-child transmission prevention strategies is critical for future hepatitis B control.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term protective efficacy of the recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived hepatitis B vaccine（CHO-HepB）26 years post-vaccination in the rural China.Methods:Zhengding county，Hebei province was designated as a rural monitoring site for CHO-HepB efficacy. Study participants included individuals born between 1997 and 1999 who had completed the three-dose CHO-HepB primary series without booster doses. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in late 2024 using random sampling. Demographic and vaccination history data were collected via questionnaires，and hepatitis B virus（HBV）serological markers were detected using chemiluminescence. Historical surveillance data were integrated to infer infection statuses of HBsAg-positive individuals and evaluate longitudinal trends in anti-HBs seropositivity and antibody titers.Results:Among 178 participants（mean time since vaccination：26.2 years），the seroprevalence rates were 0.6% for HBsAg（95% CI：0.0%-1.6%），64.6% for anti-HBs（95% CI：57.6%-71.6%），and 1.1% for anti-HBc（95% CI：0.0%-2.7%）. Compared to the pre-vaccination baseline HBsAg positivity of 11.3% in children under 10 years of age，the estimated vaccine protection rate was 95%. Two notable cases were identified：one with concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity and one with anti-HBs and anti-HBc positivity，suggestive of transient HBV exposure（1999—2009）without chronicity. Natural immune boosting was inferred for the latter case based on anti-HBs titer dynamics. Longitudinal analysis of four prior cross-sectional surveys（2005，2009，2013，and 2017）revealed no significant upward trends in HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity（both P>0.05）over 26 years，while anti-HBs seropositivity declined significantly（ P<0.05）from 6 to 26 years post-vaccination. Conclusion:The CHO-HepB vaccine demonstrates sustained immunological persistence and robust long-term protection up to 26 years post-immunization. Continued emphasis on rigorous implementation of mother-to-child transmission prevention strategies is critical for future hepatitis B control.

The pathogenesis of male infertility is intricate and complex,and now,Western medicine is primarily based on empirical drug treatment.Male infertility is one of the advantageous diseases of traditional Chinese medicine,and traditional Chinese medicine has obvious effect in improving male reproductive function,which is one of the important means of clinical treatment of this disease.Based on the classical ancient books and modern research,and based on the traditional tonifying kidney method,we have innovatively put forward the concept of treating male infertility with the principle of"deficiency of kidney essence as the root,tonifying kidney and benefiting essence as the method,and regulating yin and yang mildly as the rule",which has achieved good clinical efficacy.At the same time,combined with the long-term clinical practice of our team,we have proposed five major diagnosis and treatment strategies for male infertility,i.e.,combining disease identification with syndrome identification,combining macroscopic with microscopic approaches,combining holistic with localized treatments,combining traditional Chinese medicine with surgery,and combining treatment of the disease and treatment of the person.In addition,we have summarized some of the current problems in the treatment of male infertility with traditional Chinese medicine and put forward corresponding suggestions,with a view to promoting the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of male infertility.

Oligoasthenozoospermia is the main cause of male infertility， with complex and diverse causes. Currently， there are still some unclear causes of oligoasthenozoospermia in clinical practice， known as idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology， it has been found that intestinal microbiota disorder may be an important promoting factor for the onset of oligoasthenozoospermia. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "deficiency of kidney essence" is the core pathogenesis of oligoasthenozoospermia. In clinical practice， the method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening the essence has a significant therapeutic effect on oligoasthenozoospermia， but its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. Based on the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine and molecular biology research， it has been found that there is a similarity between "kidney essence" and intestinal microbiota. During the onset of oligoasthenozoospermia， the disorder of intestinal microbiota has similarities with the pathogenesis of "deficiency of kidney essence" in traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover， traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying the kidney and strengthening the essence can regulate the disorder of intestinal microbiota， which may be one of the effective mechanisms for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia with the Bushen Yijing method. Based on this， this article explored the mechanism of Bushen Yijing method of traditional Chinese medicine in treating oligoasthenozoospermia from the perspective of intestinal microbiota， so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia with traditional Chinese medicine.

Mature gametes include sperms originating from the male and oocytes originating from the female. The sperm and oocyte combine to form a fertilized oocyte and develop into a mature individual. At present, the research on obtaining gametes in vitro mainly focuses on obtaining mature gametes by inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. In vitro, under specific conditions, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can differentiate into three germ layers tissues which include primordial germ cells. Therefore, by inducing differentiation and meiosis in vitro of PSCs, researchers can obtain mature gametes and offspring. Focusing on the production process of mature gametes, this paper summarized the research progress and difficulties to be overcome in the production of mature gametes in vitro.

Mature gametes include sperms originating from the male and oocytes originating from the female. The sperm and oocyte combine to form a fertilized oocyte and develop into a mature individual. At present, the research on obtaining gametes in vitro mainly focuses on obtaining mature gametes by inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. In vitro, under specific conditions, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can differentiate into three germ layers tissues which include primordial germ cells. Therefore, by inducing differentiation and meiosis in vitro of PSCs, researchers can obtain mature gametes and offspring. Focusing on the production process of mature gametes, this paper summarized the research progress and difficulties to be overcome in the production of mature gametes in vitro.

Experimental research on male infertility is critical to the study of the pathogenesis of male infertility and the evaluation of drug therapy. This paper reviewed animal experiments on male infertility in recent years. The experimental models of male infertility mainly include oligoasthenozoospermia （OA），teratozoospermia，azoospermia， and varicocele animal models. The OA animal models are mostly induced by glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii （GTW）， adenine，hydrocortisone， and radiation，which are mainly chemical means. The animal models of azoospermia were usually constructed by intraperitoneal injection of bissulfonyl alkylating agent busulfan and immersion of scrotum in 43 ℃ water. There are few studies on animal models of teratozoospermia，and the induction methods by GTW and methyl methanesulfonate（MMS） are common. The animal models of varicocele-caused infertility are usually induced by operation. The ligation of the middle division of the left renal vein between the lateral inferior vena cava and the medial spermatic vein has a significant influence on testicular morphology and epididymal sperm quality. Animal experimental studies have shown that classic prescriptions for tonifying the kidney and promoting spermatogenesis represented by Wuzi Yanzongwan and clinical empirical prescriptions by modern research have played a significant role in the treatment of male infertility. The mechanism of tonifying the kidney in the treatment of male infertility mainly focuses on inhibiting spermatogenic cell apoptosis. The kidney-tonifying method can regulate the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells，which provides a new treatment idea and a reliable scientific basis for traditional Chinese medicine in the field of male reproduction.

Objective To establish a study cohort of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Qidong and evaluate its baseline characteristics. Methods CHB outpatients of the Third People's Hospital of Qidong were invited to participate in baseline survey from January 1, 2016, including questionnaire survey, liver function detection, serum detection of HBV infection and upper abdomen ultrasound detection. Anticipated sample size was at least one thousand. Baseline data were inputted by EpiData 3.1 software and then cleaned and analyzed by SAS 9.3 software. Results As of 18 July, 2016, a total of 1006 participants had been enrolled into the current study, including 615 males with an average age of (44.26±9.97) years and 391 females with an average age of (46.66±11.17) years. The difference in family history of liver disease was not significant between males and females (P>0.05), while the differences in other key information, such as age, education level, tobacco consumption, alcohol drinking, tea consumption, and antiviral intervention, were significant between males and females (P<0.05). Among the key clinical parameters, such as ALT, HBeAg, HBsAg, HBV DNA, albumin, and width of splenic vein and portal vein, only the abnormal rates of ALT and total bilirubin levels were higher in males than in females, the difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Outpatient department-based CHB cohort was established successfully in Qidong, and sub-cohort could be divided according to the differences on baseline characteristics.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of oblique supine lithotomy position rigid single-access percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with FURS in treatment of complex urinary tract stones. Methods From May 2013 to January 2016, 40 cases of multiple kidney stones and staghorn calculi patients underwent oblique supine lithotomy position balloon establish standard single renal access, using percutaneous percutaneous combind with FURS, clinical data of patients, including operative time, blood loss, stone stone clearance rate, hospitalstay, incidence of complications and other indicators. Results The patients were successfully implemented Phase I single-access surgery, the median time 52.5 min, stone stone clearance rate of 100%, before and after surgery no difference in the amount of bleeding, no blood transfusion patients, followed up for 3 months to six months, no significant concurrent operation disease. Conclusion Oblique supine lithotomy bit single-access percutaneous percutaneous combined with FURS treatment of complex renal calculi can improve stone clearance rate, increased patient comfort during surgery to avoid damage to the kidneys multi-channel, shorter operative time, treatment obvious.

BACKGROUND:Anular repair after discectomy in intervertebral disc degeneration obtains good clinical outcomes and reduces the recurrent rate, but there is little report on the effective suturing method and reliable instrument. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of annulus repair after discectomy under Mast Quadrant system for lumbar disc herniation. METHODS: Fifty patients with lumbar disc herniation admitted in the Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM from August 2013 to August 2015 were selected, followed by divided into experimental and control groups (n=25 per group), and then received annulus repair after discectomy and simple discectomy, respectively. The length of incision, operation time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between two groups, and the Oswestry disability index and visual analogue scale scores for lumbago and lower limb pain before and after surgery were detected, as well as the incidence of complications and recurrence were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All patients in the experimental group completed the follow-up, while only 23 in the control group finished the follow-up. There were no significant differences in the baseline data between two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative Oswestry disability index and visual analogue scale scores in both two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the visual analog scale score at 1 month postoperatively between two groups (P < 0.05), while the scores at other time points showed insignificant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). There were two cases of recurrence in the control group, one of which received secondary treatment, and the recurrent rate was 9%. In the experimental group, there was only one case of recurrence receiving no treatment, and the recurrent rate was 4%. There were no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, infection, never root injury or other serious complications in both two groups. These results indicate that annulus repair after discectomy is minimally invasive, achieves the reconstruction of disc, and reduces the recurrence rate, which is available for lumbar disc herniation.