BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma is an important pathohistologic subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Invasive non-mucinous pulmonary adenocarcinomas (INMA) tend to have a poor prognosis due to their significant heterogeneity and diverse histologic components. Establishing a histologic grading system for INMA is crucial for evaluating its malignancy. In 2021, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) proposed that a new histological grading system could better stratify the prognosis of INMA patients. The aim of this study was to establish a visualized nomogram model to predict INMA IASLC grading preoperatively by means of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), fractal dimension (FD), clinical features and conventional CT parameters. METHODS: A total of 112 patients with INMA who underwent preoperative DECT were retrospectively enrolled from March 2021 to January 2025. Patients were categorized into low-intermediate grade and high grade groups based on IASLC grading. The clinical characteristics and conventional CT parameters, including baseline features, biochemical markers, and serum tumor markers, were collected. DECT-derived parameters, including iodine concentration (IC), effective atomic number (eff-Z), and normalized IC (NIC), were collected and determined as NIC ratio (NICr) and fractal dimension (FD). Univariate analysis was employed to compare differences in conventional characteristics and DECT parameters between the two groups. Variables demonstrating statistical significance were subsequently incorporated into a multivariate Logistic regression analysis. A nomogram model integrating clinical data, conventional CT parameters, and DECT parameters was developed to identify independent predictors for IASLC grading of INMA. The discriminatory performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified smoking history [odds ratio (OR)=2.848, P=0.041], lobulation sign (OR=2.163, P=0.004), air bronchogram (OR=7.833, P=0.005), eff-Z in arterial phase (OR=4.266, P<0.001), and IC in arterial phase (OR=1.290, P=0.012) as independent and significant predictors for IASLC grading of INMA. The nomogram model constructed based on these indicators demonstrated optimal predictive performance, achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.804 (95%CI: 0.725-0.883), with specificity and sensitivity of 85.3% and 65.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram model based on clinical features, imaging features and spectral CT parameters have a large potential for application in the preoperative noninvasive assessment of INMA IASLC grading.
Humans ; Nomograms ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology* ; Neoplasm Grading ; Adult

Objective To investigate the application value of 320-slice wide-detector multi-phase left at-rial appendage computed tomography angiography(LAA-CTA)with pulmonary artery(PA)monitoring in the preoperative evaluation of left atrial appendage closure.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 110 patients who underwent LAA-CTA before left atrial appendage closure.Among them,47 patients underwent single-phase enhanced scanning with superior vena cava(SVC)monitoring(con-trol group),and 63 patients underwent multi-phase enhanced scanning with pulmonary artery monitoring(study group).The differences in imaging effects of the left atrial appendage under different monitoring points and phase imaging methods were compared,as well as the accuracy of comparing with the diagnostic results of transesophageal ultrasound(TEE),and the differences in the presentation of thrombus,perithrombus,and hypoperfusion areas in the left atrial appendage.Results The study group could comprehensively display the multi-phase CT value changes of different components(thrombus,peri-thrombotic viscosity,normal blood)within the left atrial appendage cavity,and its evaluation of lesion size and progression was superior to that of the control group.Using TEE as the gold standard,the study group demonstrated better diagnostic ac-curacy for different components and normal regions within the left atrial appendage cavity compared to the control group(P<0.001).Additionally,the study group improved the detection rate of peri-thrombotic vis-cosity,clearly delineated thrombus boundaries,and enhanced diagnostic accuracy(P<0.001).Conclusion Multi-phase LAA-CTA with pulmonary artery monitoring can effectively evaluate the morphological dimensions,thrombus,and peri-thrombotic CT manifestations of the left atrial appendage.It is simple to operate,with an accuracy rate close to the gold standard,providing reliable imaging evidence for preoperative evaluation of left atrial appendage closure.

Bluetongue virus is an arbovirus that seriously harms ruminants such as sheep,this study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of bluetongue virus infection and host cell interferon antiviral immune response.The study was conducted to characterize the mRNA expression of inter-feron pathway genes by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,as well as Western blot analysis of MDA5,TRAF3,RIG-Ⅰ,and TBK1 protein expression in BHK-21 cells induced by BTV with a multiplicity of infections(MOI)of 1 for 18,24,and 36 h.The results showed that the most pro-nounced changes in the expression of interferon signaling pathway genes were observed at 24 h of induction,the gene mRNA expression levels of the IFN-α,IFN-β,RIG-Ⅰ,TBK1,MDA5,VISA,and TRAF3 genes were upregulated.However,the mRNA expression levels of IKKε and TRAF6 genes were downregulated.At the protein level,MDA5 and TBK1 proteins were upregulated while RIG-1 and TRAF3 proteins were downregulated,which showed that BTV infection induces a typeⅠ interferon immune response in BHK-21 cells.This study lays the foundation for further exploring the antiviral immunity mechanism of IFN-Ⅰ signaling pathway regulatory genes in host cells infected with BTV infection.

Objective : To explore the application of ZnxNi1－xS@ DOX nanostructures in combined photothermal- chemotherapy treatment of tumors，and to provide new ideas for the study of tumor treatment methods． Methods: The morphology and elementary composition of ZnxNi1－xS nanostructures were characterized by scanning emission e- lectron microscopy and other methods．The photothermal properties of ZnxNi1－xS nanostructures were explored by infrared thermal camera．The release of DOX under different temperature and pH was investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometer．The biosafety of ZnxNi1－xS nanostructures and the in vitro antitumor properties of ZnxNi1－xS@ DOX nanostructures were investigated by MTT assay. Results : The as-prepared ZnxNi1－xS nanostructure had good dispersion and uniform size．The ZnxNi1－xS nanostructures had good photothermal effect．The drug release behavior showed temperature and pH responsiveness．The MTT assay showed that ZnxNi1－xS nanostructures were nontoxic to normal cells．ZnxNi1－xS@ DOX nanostructures could significantly inhibit the growth of tumor cells under near-infra- red illumination． Conclusion The as-prepared ZnxNi1－xS nanostructure has good biocompatibility，on the basis of which the ZnxNi1－xS@ DOX nanostructures achieve good antitumor performance，which can be used for combined photothermal-chemotherapy treatment of tumors.

Objective:To investigate the common allergens in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Guangdong and provide the basis for preventing and treating respiratory allergic diseases.Methods:A total of 254 serum samples were collected retrospectively from children with allergic rhinitis and (or) asthma in the pediatric clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University or Boai Hospital of Zhongshan City from August 2019 to August 2020 and tested positive for at least one allergens by ImmunoCAP 1000 or skin prick test. There were 173 males and 81 females, with a median age (interquartile interval) of 7 (4.00, 9.75) years. Specific IgE against eighteen common allergen were tested by magnetic particle chemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis using χ 2 test. Results:The positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (85.0%, 215/254) was the highest, followed by D. farinae (83.5%, 212/254), egg white (19.3%, 49/254), milk (14.6%, 37/254), German cockroach (14.2%, 36/254) and ox-eye daisy (12.6%, 32/254). Dust mites were the most common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis / allergic asthma / allergic rhinitis and asthma. The positive rates of D. pteronyssinus (95.4% vs. 91.7% vs. 71.0%, χ 2=23.257, P<0.001), D. farinae (95.4% vs. 90.6% vs. 67.7%, χ 2=26.916, P<0.001), mugwort (10.8% vs. 9.4% vs. 1.1%, χ 2=7.535, P=0.023), and ox-eye daisy (21.5% vs. 14.6% vs. 4.3%, χ 2=10.876, P=0.004) in allergic rhinitis combined with asthma group and allergic rhinitis group were significantly higher than those in allergic rhinitis group. The positive rates of D. pteronyssinus (96.2% vs. 84.0% vs. 53.5%, χ 2=46.343, P<0.001), D. farinae (96.2% vs. 81.5% vs. 48.8%, χ 2=52.756, P<0.001) and German cockroach (17.7% vs. 14.8% vs. 2.3%, χ 2=6.313, P=0.043) in > 6 years old group were significantly higher than those in > 3 years old group and > 3-6 years old group, while the sIgE positive rates of egg white (41.9% vs. 21.0% vs. 10.8%, χ 2=20.281, P<0.001) and milk (41.9% vs. 16.0% vs. 4.6%, χ 2=36.227, P<0.001) in ≤3 years old group were significantly higher than those in > 3-6 years old group and > 6 years old group. In addition, there were significant positive correlations between D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, mugwort and ox-eye daisy, cat dander and horse dander, ox-eye daisy and dandelion, egg white and milk, timothy grass and sesame ( r s≥0.511, P < 0.01). With the increase of the class of house dust mite allergen, the sIgE positive rates of mugwort (0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 10.8%, χ 2=9.714, P=0.008), ox-eye daisy (0.0% vs. 4.4% vs. 19.6%, χ 2=16.195, P<0.001), cat dander (0.0% vs. 7.4% vs. 18.2%, χ 2=11.459, P=0.003) and horse dander (0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 15.5%, χ 2=15.443, P < 0.001) increased significantly, while the sIgE positive rate of milk (29.0% vs. 16.2% vs. 10.1%, χ 2=8.792, P=0.012) decreased significantly. Conclusions:Dust mite is the main allergen in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Guangdong, and ox-eye daisy is the main pollen allergen. The sensitization patterns of allergens varied in different ages and diseases, and children with respiratory allergic diseases should regularly detect allergens and pay attention to avoid them.

In China, the prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing, but allergy research and allergy diagnosis technologies are still in their infancy, posing certain hurdles to clinical diagnosis and treatment. The detection of allergen is essential for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Clarifying the aetiology and risk factors of allergic diseases is critical in order to provide targeted environmental control and therapy for allergic diseases, as well as reduce patient pain and financial burden. In this study, allergen detection technologies and diagnosis strategies are described in order to provide direction for clinicians and laboratory technicians, improve allergic diseases diagnosis, and guide allergic disease therapy.

Objective:To investigate the common allergens in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Guangdong and provide the basis for preventing and treating respiratory allergic diseases.Methods:A total of 254 serum samples were collected retrospectively from children with allergic rhinitis and (or) asthma in the pediatric clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University or Boai Hospital of Zhongshan City from August 2019 to August 2020 and tested positive for at least one allergens by ImmunoCAP 1000 or skin prick test. There were 173 males and 81 females, with a median age (interquartile interval) of 7 (4.00, 9.75) years. Specific IgE against eighteen common allergen were tested by magnetic particle chemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis using χ 2 test. Results:The positive rate of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (85.0%, 215/254) was the highest, followed by D. farinae (83.5%, 212/254), egg white (19.3%, 49/254), milk (14.6%, 37/254), German cockroach (14.2%, 36/254) and ox-eye daisy (12.6%, 32/254). Dust mites were the most common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis / allergic asthma / allergic rhinitis and asthma. The positive rates of D. pteronyssinus (95.4% vs. 91.7% vs. 71.0%, χ 2=23.257, P<0.001), D. farinae (95.4% vs. 90.6% vs. 67.7%, χ 2=26.916, P<0.001), mugwort (10.8% vs. 9.4% vs. 1.1%, χ 2=7.535, P=0.023), and ox-eye daisy (21.5% vs. 14.6% vs. 4.3%, χ 2=10.876, P=0.004) in allergic rhinitis combined with asthma group and allergic rhinitis group were significantly higher than those in allergic rhinitis group. The positive rates of D. pteronyssinus (96.2% vs. 84.0% vs. 53.5%, χ 2=46.343, P<0.001), D. farinae (96.2% vs. 81.5% vs. 48.8%, χ 2=52.756, P<0.001) and German cockroach (17.7% vs. 14.8% vs. 2.3%, χ 2=6.313, P=0.043) in > 6 years old group were significantly higher than those in > 3 years old group and > 3-6 years old group, while the sIgE positive rates of egg white (41.9% vs. 21.0% vs. 10.8%, χ 2=20.281, P<0.001) and milk (41.9% vs. 16.0% vs. 4.6%, χ 2=36.227, P<0.001) in ≤3 years old group were significantly higher than those in > 3-6 years old group and > 6 years old group. In addition, there were significant positive correlations between D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, mugwort and ox-eye daisy, cat dander and horse dander, ox-eye daisy and dandelion, egg white and milk, timothy grass and sesame ( r s≥0.511, P < 0.01). With the increase of the class of house dust mite allergen, the sIgE positive rates of mugwort (0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 10.8%, χ 2=9.714, P=0.008), ox-eye daisy (0.0% vs. 4.4% vs. 19.6%, χ 2=16.195, P<0.001), cat dander (0.0% vs. 7.4% vs. 18.2%, χ 2=11.459, P=0.003) and horse dander (0.0% vs. 1.5% vs. 15.5%, χ 2=15.443, P < 0.001) increased significantly, while the sIgE positive rate of milk (29.0% vs. 16.2% vs. 10.1%, χ 2=8.792, P=0.012) decreased significantly. Conclusions:Dust mite is the main allergen in children with respiratory allergic diseases in Guangdong, and ox-eye daisy is the main pollen allergen. The sensitization patterns of allergens varied in different ages and diseases, and children with respiratory allergic diseases should regularly detect allergens and pay attention to avoid them.

In China, the prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing, but allergy research and allergy diagnosis technologies are still in their infancy, posing certain hurdles to clinical diagnosis and treatment. The detection of allergen is essential for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Clarifying the aetiology and risk factors of allergic diseases is critical in order to provide targeted environmental control and therapy for allergic diseases, as well as reduce patient pain and financial burden. In this study, allergen detection technologies and diagnosis strategies are described in order to provide direction for clinicians and laboratory technicians, improve allergic diseases diagnosis, and guide allergic disease therapy.

Liposomes mimic natural cell membranes and have long been investigated as drug carriers due to excellent entrapment capacity, biocompatibility and safety. Despite the success of parenteral liposomes, oral delivery of liposomes is impeded by various barriers such as instability in the gastrointestinal tract, difficulties in crossing biomembranes, and mass production problems. By modulating the compositions of the lipid bilayers and adding polymers or ligands, both the stability and permeability of liposomes can be greatly improved for oral drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the challenges and current approaches toward the oral delivery of liposomes.

Objective To investigate the expression of melanoma antigen- encoding gene (MAGE) A1 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and explore its correlation with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 197 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who accepted radical surgical treatment from January 2006 to December 2012. The expressions of MAGEA1 protein in these specimens of cancer tissue and cancer adjacent tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry with tissue microarray technology. Results MAGEA1 protein was expressed in cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells. The positive expression rate of MAGEA1 protein in cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in cancer adjacent tissue: 73.6％ (145/197) vs. 5.6％ (11/197), and there was statistical difference (P<0.01). The positive expression of MAGEA1 protein had no correlations with sex, age, history of smoking/drinking, family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, location and TNM stage (P>0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis result showed that the 5-year survival rate in patients with MAGEA1 protein positive expression was significantly lower than that in patients with MAGEA1 protein negative expression (37.2％ vs. 53.8％), and there was statistical difference (P=0.018). Multivariate analysis result showed that MAGEA1 protein positive expression was an independent predictor of prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients (HR=1.91, 95％CI 1.22 to 2.98, P = 0.004). Conclusions The expression of MAGEA1 protein is abundant in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and is related to worse clinical outcome. MAGEA1 protein could be a candidate target for tumor immunotherapy.