and Relevance: Evidence from the literature suggests that, when integrated appropriately, simulation technologies, digital learning environments, and AI-assisted tools collectively enhance the key elements of veterinary training. These approaches can support safer clinical practice, help standardize skill development, and broaden access to quality training, particularly in resource-limited settings. Instead of hypothesizing new mechanisms, this review uses current evidence to highlight practical implications for curriculum design and clinical preparedness. Continued investment in faculty development, ethical use of AI, and infrastructure is essential for achieving sustainable, technology-enhanced veterinary education.

ObjectiveTo measure the distance from the surface of Fengfu （GV 16） to the deep important bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology， thereby providing imaging reference data for clinical acupuncture safe operations in terms of different age groups and needle insertion angles. MethodsCervical CT image data were collected from healthy children aged 4 to 8 years with five age groups （4-， 5-， 6-， 7-， 8-year-old groups）， 20 cases in each group. The images were imported into Mimics 21.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction. The straight-line distances from the skin model surface of the Fengfu （GV 16） to the first underlying bony barrier （such as the lower edge of the occipital bone， the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra） were measured at intervals of 5° on both the transverse section （0° ± 35°） and the sagittal section （40° upward to 40° downward on the diagonal）. The correlation between the measured distance， age， and angle was analyzed. ResultsIn the transverse and sagittal sections， the measured distance from the skin surface to the underlying bone of Fengfu （GV 16） at each angle increased with age. In the transverse section， the increase was relatively small within the 0° to 20° angle range， whereas a more pronounced increase was observed when the angle exceeded 20°； at measurement angles of 30° to 35°， the distance of the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） in the 7- and 8-year-old groups was significantly greater than that in the 4-year-old group （P＜0.05）. In the sagittal section， the measured distance from the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） was shortest and changed greatly at oblique upward angles of 15° to 40° within each age group， and increased markedly at near-vertical angles of 0° to 10°； it was longest at oblique downward angles of -40° to -5° and showed relatively gradual changes. ConclusionThis study obtained the imaging distance data from Fengfu （GV 16） to the surrounding bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years through three-dimensional modeling， finding that this distance has clear age and angle dependence， which can provide quantitative evidence for developing individualized and precise safe acupuncture schemes at Fengfu （GV 16） in pediatric clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo measure the distance from the surface of Fengfu （GV 16） to the deep important bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology， thereby providing imaging reference data for clinical acupuncture safe operations in terms of different age groups and needle insertion angles. MethodsCervical CT image data were collected from healthy children aged 4 to 8 years with five age groups （4-， 5-， 6-， 7-， 8-year-old groups）， 20 cases in each group. The images were imported into Mimics 21.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction. The straight-line distances from the skin model surface of the Fengfu （GV 16） to the first underlying bony barrier （such as the lower edge of the occipital bone， the posterior arch of the atlas vertebra） were measured at intervals of 5° on both the transverse section （0° ± 35°） and the sagittal section （40° upward to 40° downward on the diagonal）. The correlation between the measured distance， age， and angle was analyzed. ResultsIn the transverse and sagittal sections， the measured distance from the skin surface to the underlying bone of Fengfu （GV 16） at each angle increased with age. In the transverse section， the increase was relatively small within the 0° to 20° angle range， whereas a more pronounced increase was observed when the angle exceeded 20°； at measurement angles of 30° to 35°， the distance of the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） in the 7- and 8-year-old groups was significantly greater than that in the 4-year-old group （P＜0.05）. In the sagittal section， the measured distance from the skin surface to the bone at Fengfu （GV 16） was shortest and changed greatly at oblique upward angles of 15° to 40° within each age group， and increased markedly at near-vertical angles of 0° to 10°； it was longest at oblique downward angles of -40° to -5° and showed relatively gradual changes. ConclusionThis study obtained the imaging distance data from Fengfu （GV 16） to the surrounding bony structures in children aged 4 to 8 years through three-dimensional modeling， finding that this distance has clear age and angle dependence， which can provide quantitative evidence for developing individualized and precise safe acupuncture schemes at Fengfu （GV 16） in pediatric clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:Cervical spondylosis is a chronic degenerative disease that has become one of the most common and frequent diseases threatening human health.At present,the initial diagnosis of the cervical spine and its surrounding structures mainly relies on the interpretation of medical images by radiologists,which not only requires a high level of technical requirements for operators,but also has the disadvantages of strong subjectivity,high labor intensity,and low efficiency.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology,its powerful data processing and image recognition capabilities have shown broad application prospects in the medical field.Deep learning has also made certain progress in the research of spinal diseases.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the current status and research progress in the application of artificial intelligence technology in cervical spine imaging images in recent years,evaluating the performance of artificial intelligence models as well as future trends and challenges to be overcome.METHODS:The first author searched the relevant articles in WanFang,CNKI,and PubMed in June 2024.The Chinese search terms were"artificial intelligence,deep learning,cervical spine."English serach terms were"artificial intelligence,Al,cervical vertebrae,cervical."Finally,101 articles were included and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Artificial intelligence technology can realize automatic segmentation of cervical vertebrae and measurement of curvature change by segmentation,classification,landmarks recognition of medical image parts,detect cervical vertebral fracture,nerve root,and spinal cord type cervical spondylosis,identify cervical spine ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament,and predict post-surgery related risk factors and cervical vertebra maturation classification.(2)Although artificial intelligence technology has shown great potential in the field of cervical spine research,it is still in the early stages of exploration and rapid development,with unlimited room for development and innovation.

Aim To investigate the relationship between sleep deprivation and vascular aging,as well as the un-derlying mechanisms.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group,senescence group,sleep deprivation group,and sleep deprivation+senescence group,with 6 rats in each group.The modified level table method deprived rats of sleep duration.Senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal)staining was used to detect the senes-cence status of rat vascular tissue.The mRNA and protein expression of tumor suppressor protein p53,silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)and clock gene cryptochrome 1(CRY1)was detected by real-time fluorescence quantification PCR(RT-qPCR),Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the control group,the intensity of SA-β-Gal staining was increased in the vascular tissues of the senescence group rats,the expression level of p53 was elevat-ed,the expression level of SIRT1 was decreased.Similar changes were observed in the sleep deprivation group and the sleep deprivation+senescence group,including intensified SA-β-Gal staining,elevated p53 levels,and reduced SIRT1 lev-els in vascular tissues.Additionally,compared with the control group,the sleep deprivation group showed reduced CRY1 levels in vascular tissues,while only CRY1 mRNA levels were reduced in the sleep deprivation+senescence group.Fur-thermore,compared with the senescence group,the sleep deprivation+senescence group exhibited intensified SA-β-Gal staining,increased p53 level,decreased SIRT1 level,and reduced CRY1 mRNA level in vascular tissues.Conclusion Sleep deprivation may promote the expression of vascular aging-related factors,potentially through the inhibition of CRY1 expression in vascular tissues.

Objective:To establish a standardized code database of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) terms related to linezolid and analyze the common ADRs of linezolid.Methods:Linezolid drug labels, websites (including Side Effect Resource, and the official websites of US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency and National Medical Products Administration) and scientific literature database (including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases) were systematically searched, and ADR terms about linezolid were collected. ADR terms were mapped to the international classification of diseases-10 (ICD-10) code to establish a linezolid adverse reaction database.Results:A total of 117 ADR terms about linezolid were collected and 91 ICD-10 codes were obtained after being mapped to ICD-10. A standardized database was constructed and successfully embedded into the ADR spontaneous reporting system as a specific drug submodule. The gastrointestinal system, skin and subcutaneous tissue system, various nervous systems, blood and lymphatic systems were the most common system organs involved in linezolid-related ADRs under the 91 ICD-10 codes. Among them, ADRs under the gastrointestinal system codes K14.302 (black hairy tongue) and K52.104 (drug-induced gastroenteritis and colitis), the skin and subcutaneous tissue system code L27.005 (drug-induced dermatitis), various nervous system codes G90.800 (other disorders of autonomic nervous system), G62.001 (drug-induced polyneuropathy) and G44.400 (drug-induced headache, not elsewhere classified), the blood and lymphatic system codes D69.502 (drug- induced thrombocytopenia) and D70.x02 (drug-induced granulocytopenia), the metabolic and nutritional codes E87.204 (lactic acidosis), as well as the endocrine system code E16.000 (drug-induced hypoglycaemia without coma) had been reported frequently in the scientific literature. In addition, there were 14 ADR terms related to linezolid under 13 ICD-10 codes not recorded in the drug instructions.Conclusions:It is feasible to use ICD-10 code to standardize ADR terms related to linezolid and establish a database. Common ADRs of linezolid include thrombocytopenia, lactic acidosis, neutropenia, black hairy tongue, gastroenteritis/colitis, hypoglycemia, rash, serotonin syndrome, peripheral neuropathy and headache, which should be paid attention to and researched furtherly.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fuzuloparib for the treatment of ovarian epithelial cancer patients in the real world setting.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the baseline data of 4 620 ovarian cancer patients who had received fuzuloparib monotherapy or combination therapy. Another 224 ovarian cancer patients who were willing to receive fuzuloparib monotherapy or combination therapy were prospectively enrolled, and their baseline characteristics, drug effectiveness, and safety data were analyzed.Results:(1) Among the 4 620 patients in the retrospective cohort, the median age of patients was 60 years; tumor types: 89.8% (4 149/4 620) had ovarian cancer. Among patients with clearly documented information, the vast majority had a histological type of serous carcinoma (82.9%, 3 770/4 546) and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging of Ⅲ-Ⅳ (90.9%, 1 537/1 691). (2) Among the 224 patients in the prospective cohort, the median age of patients was 57 years; tumor types: 83.9% (188/224) had ovarian cancer. Among patients with clearly documented records, the predominant pathologic type was serous carcinoma (91.9%, 193/210), and FIGO stage was Ⅲ-Ⅳ in 79.9% (139/174). (3) Among the 224 prospective patients: 84 patients received first-line fluzoparib maintenance therapy, 92 patients received fluzoparib maintenance therapy after platinum-sensitive recurrence, 23 patients received direct fluzoparib treatment after platinum-sensitive recurrence, 19 patients received direct fluzoparib treatment after platinum-resistant recurrence. The median follow-up durations were 8.5, 8.7, 7.9, and 6.7 months, respectively. The median durations of fluzoparib treatment were 6.7, 4.8, 3.1, and 1.9 months, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) times were not reached during follow-up, 12.6 months, not reached during follow-up, and 4.8 months, respectively. The 1-year PFS rates were 84.1%, 55.0%, 69.8%, and 45.5%, respectively. The remaining 6 patients received other fluzoparib regimens. (4) Among the 224 patients in the prospective dataset, 205 had safety data recorded. Of these, 127 patients (62.0%, 127/205) experienced treatment-related adverse events, with common events including anemia (24.4%, 50/205), thrombocytopenia (21.0%, 43/205), and leukopenia (19.5%, 40/205). Among the 205 patients, 43 (21.0%, 43/205) experienced grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events, with common events including anemia (8.3%, 17/205) and thrombocytopenia (8.3%, 17/205).Conclusions:The effectiveness of fuzuloparib in clinical application is generally consistent with other drugs in the same class, with good safety. This study provids new clinical evidence for the treatment of ovarian cancer with fuzuloparib.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided closed reduction with Kirschner wire fixation and open reduction with Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of humeral lateral condyle fracture (HLCF) in children. METHODS: A clinical data of 53 children with HLCF admitted between May 2020 and April 2023 and met selective criteria was retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 25 cases were managed with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation under ultrasound guidance (closed group), while 28 cases underwent open reduction and Kirschner wire fixation (open group). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, cause of injury, fracture side, fracture classification, and time from injury to operation ( P>0.05). The following variables were recorded and compared between the two groups: operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, fracture healing time, incidence of complications, and the Flynn elbow function score at last follow-up. RESULTS: In the closed group, the fractures were successfully reduced under ultrasound guidance, with no nerve damage reported in either group. The operation time and intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency were significantly less in the closed group than in the open group ( P<0.05). One case of infection (Kirschner wire irritation) was observed in the closed group, while 3 cases in the open group (2 of Kirschner wire irritation and 1 of incision infection). However, the difference in the incidence of infection between the two groups was not significant ( P>0.05). All patients in both groups were followed up 6-18 months (mean, 10.2 months). X-ray examinations confirmed that fractures had healed in both groups, with no significant difference in healing time ( P>0.05). During follow-up, 5 cases of lateral humeral process formation were observed in the closed group, compared to 12 cases in the open group, although this difference was not significant ( P>0.05). At last follow-up, the excellent and good rate of elbow joint function was evaluated as 96.0% (24/25) in the closed group and 92.9% (26/28) in the open group according to the Flynn scoring criteria, with no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). Both groups showed no occurrence of ossifying myositis or elbow internal/external rotation. CONCLUSION The effectiveness of ultrasound-guided closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation in the treatment of HLCF in children is comparable to open reduction and Kirschner wire fixation, but the former can reduce operation time and intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, and obtain lower the incidence of complications.
Humans ; Humeral Fractures/diagnostic imaging* ; Bone Wires ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Treatment Outcome ; Child, Preschool ; Open Fracture Reduction/methods* ; Fracture Healing ; Elbow Joint/surgery* ; Adolescent ; Closed Fracture Reduction/methods* ; Fluoroscopy ; Operative Time

Objective To investigate the impact of dexmedetomidine on epidural fibrosis after spinal surgery in rats through the transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)signaling pathway.Meth-ods A total of 40 rats were selected,with 10 rats assigned to control group.The remaining 30 rats underwent spinal surgery modeling and were randomly divided into model group,dexmedetomidine group,and dexmedetomidine+TGF-β1 agonist group,with 10 rats in each.Rats with unsuccessful modeling were excluded,resulting in 9 rats in each group for subsequent analysis.Pathological char-acteristics of epidural scar tissue,fibroblast count,PCNA-positive cell expression rate,levels of in-flammatory markers[interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,IL-8],stress response indicators[malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)],and expression levels of mRNAs and proteins related to the TGF-β1 signaling pathway were observed and compared among the groups.Results Compared with the control group,the other three groups showed increased fibroblast count,elevated PCNA-positive cell expression rate,higher levels of IL-6,IL-1β,IL-8,and MDA,lower SOD levels,and increased expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA,Smad3 mRNA,and TGF-β1 and Smad3 proteins,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,both the dexmedetomidine group and the dexmedetomidine+TGF-β1 agonist group exhibited decreased fibroblast count,re-duced PCNA-positive cell expression rate,lower levels of IL-6,IL-1 β,IL-8 and MDA,higher SOD levels,and decreased expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA,Smad3 mRNA,and TGF-β1 and Smad3 proteins,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Compared with the dexmedetomidine group,the dexmedetomidine+TGF-β1 agonist group showed increased fibroblast count,elevated PCNA-positive cell expression rate,higher levels of IL-6,IL-1 β,IL-8 and MDA,lower SOD lev-els,and increased expression levels of TGF-β1 mRNA,Smad3 mRNA,and TGF-β1 and Smad3 proteins,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can significantly alleviate the inflammatory response and stress response after spinal surgery in rats and reduce postoperative epidural fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the influencing factors of aspiration in neurological critically ill patients by Meta-analysis.Methods PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,CNKI,and Wanfang Data were searched from inception to 1 October,2023,to obtain relevant studies on influencing fac-tors of aspiration in neurological critically ill patients.The literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation were completed by two researchers.RevMan 5.4 and Stata 13.0 software were ap-plied for pooled Meta-analysisand assessed publication bias,respectively.Results A total of 8 arti-cles,including 1,315 neurocritical care patients,were included in this study.Nine influencing factors related to aspiration were extracted for Meta-analysis.The Meta-analysis results showed that the three influencing factors that caused aspiration in neurocritical care patients were stroke history(OR=5.03,95％CI,2.71 to 9.32,P＜0.000 01),National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score＞10(OR=3.35,95％CI,1.75 to 6.42,P=0.000 3),and gastric residual volume＞150mL(OR=7.13,95％CI,2.55 to 9.96,P=0.001).Conclusion This study provides a scientific basis for clinical healthcare professionals to early identify high-risk patients for aspiration,take targeted inter-vention measures,and prevent the occurrence of aspiration.