Dampness-heat syndrome of the spleen and stomach refers to the evil dampness-heat invading the spleen and stomach,the abnormal rise and fall of the middle jiaoqi machinery,dampness-heat depression and steaming,the physiological dysfunction of the spleen and stomach,with abdominal distention and distention,nausea and lethargy of the limbs,poor loose stool,red tongue and yellow greasy fur,and slippery pulse as the main symptoms of the syndrome,most common in digestive system diseases,among which chronic gastritis is the first.This paper summarized the research results in the past decade and related fields.In the mode of combination of disease and syndrome,based on the principle of corresponding prescription and syndrome,combined with the etiology and pathogenesis evolution of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome,the biological connotation of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome was explained from various aspects such as inflammation and immune disorders,gastrointestinal motivity disorders,water and humidity loss,endoplasmic reticulum function,and micro-ecological disorders.Enrich the research of the essence of syndrome.

Objective To systematically sort out the current situation of animal model construction and evaluation of damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach under the pattern of combining disease and evidence,references for optimizing the standardized research of this syndrome were provided.Methods The references in the past 20 years from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and other databases were searched to summarize and analyze the modeling ideas,evaluation systems and problems of the animal models of spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome.Results Most of the existing models used high-fat and high-sugar feeds combined with hot and humid environment exposure,compound pathogenic microbial infection or chemical stimulation to construct the combined disease and evidence model.The model validity was evaluated by macroscopic signs,gastrointestinal function indexes,inflammatory factors,and intestinal bacterial flora,etc.However,there were still problems of insufficient stability of the model,and inconsistencies in the criteria for evaluation of the evidence.Conclusion The combination of disease and evidence model can better simulate the clinical characteristics of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome,but it is necessary to strengthen the construction of multimodal evaluation system and molecular mechanism research.The standardization of animal models can be promoted through the integration of multidisciplinary technology,which can provide a more accurate method for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine research.

Objective:To evaluate the design and application of the superior thyroid artery perforator flap (STAPF) for reconstruction after head and neck oncological resection.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 24 consecutive patients (22 men, 2 women; age 40-72 years) treated at Hunan Cancer Hospital between June 2018 and December 2023. Their primary tumors included buccal carcinoma ( n=7), tongue carcinoma ( n=8), oropharyngeal carcinoma ( n=2), floor-of-mouth carcinoma ( n=3), laryngeal carcinoma ( n=3), and hypopharyngeal carcinoma ( n=1). Flap design, venous drainage strategy, and postoperative outcomes were assessed. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:Flap dimensions were length of 9.4±0.5 cm, width of 3.3±0.6 cm, thickness of 0.5±0.2 cm, and pedicle length of 7.3±0.6 cm. Fifteen flaps were based on a single perforator (diameter ≥0.5 mm), whereas, nine fascial flaps incorporated multiple perforators (capillary diameter ≤0.5 mm). Venous drainage routes were as follows: superior thyroid vein ( n=12, retrograde in 3), facial vein ( n=5, all retrograde), anterior jugular vein ( n=4, retrograde in 1), and external jugular vein ( n=3, retrograde in 2). All 24 flaps survived completely. Donor sites were closed primarily and all cervical wounds healed. No flap-related complications, inculding orocutaneous, pharyngocutaneous, laryngocutaneous fistula and wound infection, were observed. Final pathologic stages were T1N0M0 ( n=2), T2N0M0 ( n=16), T2N1M0 ( n=3), and T3N0M0 ( n=3). With follow-up of 12-46 months, aside from one patient with tongue cancer died of contralateral cervical and parapharyngeal lymph-node metastases at 6 months, others remained disease-free. Patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma had their tracheostomy tubes removed within 4 weeks postoperatively. Conclusion:STAPF offers flexible design, with minimal donor-site morbidity and low functional impairment. It is particularly advantageous for reconstruction of small-to-moderate defects following head and neck tumor ablation.

Objective To evaluate the disease risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) in aquatic products of raw food in Guangzhou. Methods VP detection was carried out in aquatic products of raw food sold in Guangzhou from 2009 to 2022. Gene sequence and wgSNP analysis of 30 VP strains (including 15 food strains and 15 patient strains) were performed for the detection rate of pathogenic VP. sQMRA was applied to assess VP risk of aquatic products of raw food. Results The detection rate of VP in raw aquatic products in Guangzhou was 7.30% (98/1 343). The detection rate of TDH virulence gene in patient strains was 86.70% (13/15) , and the detection rate of TRH was 6.67% (1/15). In 15 food strains, TDH and TRH were negative. The WgSNP analysis showed that 2 food strains had high similarity with the patient strains, indicating the same cluster. Risk assessment showed that the number of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection cases caused by intaking aquatic products of raw food in Guangzhou was 384 ever year. Conclusion The detection rate of VP in aquatic products of raw food is high in Guangzhou , and the detection rate of VP virulence genes in aquatic products of raw food is low. Gene sequence and wgSNP analysis can be used for risk assessment of food pathogenic bacteria. The risk of disease of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in aquatic products of raw food is high.

Akkermansia muciniphila, a probiotic is discovered years earlier, colonizes the human intestinal mucosa. In recent years, researchers have found the correlation between Akkermansia muciniphila and progression of kidney diseases based on the theory of the gut-kidney axis. The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut changes during the onset, regression and treatment of renal diseases such as congenital nephrology, chronic kidney disease, complications after renal transplantation. The research on the correlation between Akkermansia muciniphila and renal diseases is still in the initial stage. The review introduces the research progress on the role of Akkermansia muciniphila in renal diseases from three aspects: the biological characteristics of Akkermansia muciniphila, the abundance change in the progression of renal diseases, and their biological effects to provide references for the following research on the mechanisms of Akkermansia muciniphila in renal diseases and the application of clinical renal disease treatment.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and identify predictive factors for spontaneous passage of common bile duct (CBD) stones.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed as having choledocholithiasis via abdominal imaging at outpatient and emergency departments of Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine and other medical institutions from January 2021 to November 2023. Participants were stratified into spontaneous passage versus non-passage groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors for the spontaneous passage of common bile duct stones.Results:Spontaneous stone passage were confirmed in 70 cases (15.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that an admission diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis ( OR=3.317, 95% CI: 1.427-7.713, P=0.005), larger common bile duct diameter ( OR=1.117, 95% CI: 1.000-1.248, P=0.049), and solitary stones ( OR=11.135, 95% CI: 3.602-34.418, P<0.001) significantly increased the probability of spontaneous stones. In contrast, larger stone long diameter ( OR=0.539, 95% CI: 0.441-0.659, P<0.001) markedly decreased passage likelihood. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the common bile duct diameter predicted spontaneous stone passage with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.662, yielding sensitivity of 52.9% (37/70) and specificity of 73.6% (51/70) at a cutoff value of 9.5 mm. The common bile duct stone diameter achieved an AUC of 0.852 for predicting spontaneous stone passage, with sensitivity of 75.7% (53/70) and specificity of 89.0% (62/70) at a cutoff value of 4.5 mm. Conclusion:Solitary small stones, ductal dilation, and an admission diagnosis of acute biliary pancreatitis are key predictive factors for spontaneous common bile duct stone passage. A common bile duct diameter ≥9.5 mm and stone long diameter ≤4.5 mm are more likely to result in spontaneous stone passage.

Objective To investigate the number and categories of cognitive subtypes in individuals with First-Episode Schizophrenia(FES)and to explore the potential neurobiological sleep characteristics associated with these distinct cognitive subtypes.Methods The cognitive functions of 45 patients withFES and 40 healthy controls(HCs)were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB).Latent profile analysis was employed to identify and classify the cognitive subtypes of FES patients.Furthermore,a full-night polysom-nographic recording was conducted to quantify the characteristics of sleep spindle waves.Subsequently,differ-ences in sleep spindle wave features among the identified cognitive subtypes of FES were analyzed and compared.Results Latent Profile Analysis identified two cognitive subtypes among FES patients:a subtype characterized by severe cognitive impairment(SIS,n=32)and another with relatively preserved cognitive function(CRP,n=13).Compared to healthy controls(HCs,n=40),FES patients exhibited increased spindle wave amplitude dur-ing both N2 and N3 sleep stages.Further analysis revealed that the spindle wave duration during the N2 stage was significantly longer in the SIS subtype compared to both CRP and HCs.Similarly,in the N3 stage,the spindle wave duration was longer in SIS than in CRP.Additionally,spindle wave frequency during the N3 stage was higher in both SIS and HCs compared to CRP.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that variations in the fre-quency and duration of spindle waves among different cognitive subtypes may serve as potential neurobiological markers for distinguishing FES cognitive subtypes.

This article analyzes the data of 9 patients who developed intestinal fistula after urological surgery. The intestinal fistula involved the duodenum，ileum，colon，or rectum，and the surgery covered kidney or ureteral surgery，total cystectomy，ileal bladder replacement surgery，and radical prostatectomy. Two special cases involved sigmoid colon and rectal injury after intestinal lavage. Among them，5 cases were cured by abdominal negative pressure flushing treatment，2 cases were cured by surgical fistula repairing，and 2 cases died due to cardiovascular complications. Most patients with intestinal fistula can be cured by sufficient draining out the abdominal cavity. In cases of poor drainage，colostomy or enteric fistula repair can be conducted.

Objective To systematically sort out the current situation of animal model construction and evaluation of damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach under the pattern of combining disease and evidence,references for optimizing the standardized research of this syndrome were provided.Methods The references in the past 20 years from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and other databases were searched to summarize and analyze the modeling ideas,evaluation systems and problems of the animal models of spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome.Results Most of the existing models used high-fat and high-sugar feeds combined with hot and humid environment exposure,compound pathogenic microbial infection or chemical stimulation to construct the combined disease and evidence model.The model validity was evaluated by macroscopic signs,gastrointestinal function indexes,inflammatory factors,and intestinal bacterial flora,etc.However,there were still problems of insufficient stability of the model,and inconsistencies in the criteria for evaluation of the evidence.Conclusion The combination of disease and evidence model can better simulate the clinical characteristics of spleen and stomach damp-heat syndrome,but it is necessary to strengthen the construction of multimodal evaluation system and molecular mechanism research.The standardization of animal models can be promoted through the integration of multidisciplinary technology,which can provide a more accurate method for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine research.