The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC), in collaboration with multiple professional organizations, jointly released the "Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults" in August 2025. Based on the latest evidence-based medical findings from February 2015 to January 2025, the guideline proposes an individualized treatment strategy grounded in total cardiovascular disease risk stratification, incorporates the novel PREVENT risk assessment model, lowers the medication initiation threshold and control targets for high-risk populations, and provides specific management recommendations for special populations. This article provides an interpretation of these updates and conducts a comparative analysis with the current status of hypertension prevention and treatment in China as well as Chinese guidelines, aiming to offer reference for hypertension control practices in China.

The American Heart Association (AHA) officially released the "2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association" on January 27, 2025. This report systematically compiles the latest statistics on major cardiovascular diseases worldwide, while simultaneously integrating relevant outcome indicators, including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs, and updating the global prevalence patterns and evolving trends of diverse risk factors impacting cardiovascular health, providing essential guidance for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Synthesizing insights from this pivotal report and other relevant studies, this article highlights key findings concerning the global prevalence and mortality of heart diseases, associated risk factors, and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

The ethics review approval criteria are the basis for ethical review committees to make review decisions. A thorough understanding of the requirements of the ethics review approval criteria is a prerequisite for ensuring the quality of ethical reviews. The Measures for the Ethics Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans made significant adjustments to the ethics review approval criteria， such as new provisions regarding the qualifications of researchers and research institutions， and the release of research results. In combination with the 2024 edition of the Declaration of Helsinki， this paper analyzed the requirements of the Measures for ethics review approval criteria， as well as explored the corresponding ethical principles and corresponding ethical review key points， with a view to providing a reference for standardizing ethics review practice and effectively improving the quality of ethics review.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of resecting epiglottic cysts using low-tem-perature plasma scalpel versus ultrasonic scalpel under suspension laryngoscopy.Methods A total of 120 patients with epiglottic cysts were selected and divided into plasma group and ultrasonic scalpel group,with 60 cases in each group.The plasma group underwent resection of epiglottic cysts with low-temperature plasma scalpel under suspension laryngoscopy,while the ultrasonic scalpel group was trea-ted with ultrasonic scalpel under suspension laryngoscopy.The operation time,the time from postoper-ation to complete wound healing,and the amount of bleeding during treatment were recorded.Pain levels at 1,3,and 5 d after treatment,as well as the effectiveness of treatment and complication rates one month later were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time and blood loss in the plasma group were lower or shorter than those in the ultrasonic scalpel group(P＜0.05).The wound healing time in the plasma group was shorter,postoperative pain was less,and the incidence of complications was lower in the ultrasonic scalpel group compared to the ultrasonic scalpel group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Under suspension laryngoscopy,the low-temperature plasma scalpel is more ef-fective in treating epiglottic cysts than the ultrasonic scalpel,which can shorten operation time and re-duce blood loss,alleviate pain,and decrease the rate of complications.

Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer （PLGC） are a group of pathological changes caused by abnormalities in the structure， morphology， and differentiation of gastric mucosal epithelial cells. Since the early symptoms are hidden and non-specific， PLGC is not easy to be diagnosed and it has often developed into intermediate or advanced gastric cancer once being diagnosed and missed the best time for treatment. Accordingly， the incidence of this disease is increasing year by year， which lifts a heavy burden on the patients. The pathogenesis of PLGC is complex， involving inflammatory microenvironment， bile reflux， glycolysis， autophagy， and apoptosis. Currently， PLGC is mainly treated with anti-inflammatory and endoscopic therapies， which are difficult to curb the development of PLGC. Therefore， seeking a safe and effective therapy is an important topic of modern research. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， characterized by treatment based on syndrome differentiation and a holistic view， exerts effects via multiple pathways， mechanisms， and targets. Recent studies have confirmed that TCM can regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin （PI3K/Akt/mTOR）， Wnt/β-catenin， Sonic Hedgehog， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription （JAK/STAT）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）， neurogenic locus notch homolog protein （Notch）， nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2） and other signaling pathways. By targeting these pathways， TCM can inhibit aerobic glycolysis， reduce oxidative stress， repair the inflammatory microenvironment， regulate cellular autophagy， and promote vascular normalization， thereby delaying or reversing PLGC. However， few researchers have systematically summarized the TCM regulation of PLGC-associated pathways. By reviewing the relevant articles at home and abroad， this paper summarized the roles of the above signaling pathways in the development of PLGC and the research progress in the regulation of signaling pathways by TCM in the treatment of PLGC， with a view to providing a new theoretical basis for the clinical research on PLGC and the drug development for this disease.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and related influencing factors of thyroid nodules in different occupational groups in Shijiazhuang City.Methods:Different occupational groups who underwent physical examination at the Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang City from May to December 2015 and had lived there for more than 10 years were selected as the investigation subjects, including workers, farmers, science and technology education personnel, medical and health personnel, civil servants and individual businessmen. Questionnaire survey and thyroid examination were conducted, blood lipid, blood glucose and thyroid hormone levels were tested, and related influencing factors of thyroid nodules were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 440 different occupational subjects were surveyed, and the prevalence of thyroid nodules was 20.35% (293/1 440). The prevalence of thyroid nodules in females (22.59%, 159/704) was significantly higher than that in males (18.21%, 134/736), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 4.26, P = 0.039). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of thyroid nodules in different age groups (χ 2 = 73.87, P < 0.001), with the highest prevalence in the 70 - 80 age group (43.75%, 21/48). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of thyroid nodules among different occupational groups (χ 2 = 36.56, P < 0.001), with the highest prevalence in individual businessmen (31.84%, 78/245). By univariate analysis, the prevalence of thyroid nodules in people with good economic status [27.45% (42/153) vs 19.48% (248/1 273)], radiation exposure history [26.39% (109/413) vs 17.92% (184/1 027)], and diabetes history [33.71% (30/89) vs 19.47% (263/1 351)] was higher (χ 2 = 5.35, 13.06, 10.45, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of thyroid nodules in occupational group in Shijiazhuang City is relatively high, and the prevalence of thyroid nodules in females is significantly higher than that in males. Economic status, radiation exposure history and diabetes history are the main influencing factors.

Objective This study aimed to explore the regulatory role of autophagy in acute kidney injury(AKI)-induced acute liver injury(ALI).Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,IRI group,3-MA group and RA group.Except for the sham operation group,a rat model of AKI induced by IRI was established in all groups.The AKI model was established by removing the right kidney,separating the left renal artery,and clamping the left renal artery,followed by reper-fusion for 12,24,48,or 72 h.The 3-MA and RA groups were intraperitoneally injected with 3-MA(15 mg/kg,1 mL)or RA(2 mg/kg,1 mL)12 h before and after IRI treatment.The structure and function of the rat lung and kidney tissues were evaluated,and the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins,oxidative stress,and apoptosis were measured.Results Renal IRI led to ALI after AKI,and the levels of blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1βwere all significantly increased.In addition,compared to the IRI group,the expression levels of P62 and caspase-3 significantly decreased in the RA group,whereas the expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,Beclin-1,Bcl-2,and ULK1 increased.Autophagy reduced pathological damage to kidney and lung tissues by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress and effectively ameliorated AKI-induced ALI.Conclusion Autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of ALI induced by AKI and can be used as a new target for AKI treatment and to reduce complication-related mortality.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:This study aimed to explore the challenges faced by colleges and universities in performing their institutional responsibilities set forth by the Ethical Review Measures of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Participants (hereinafter referred to as the Measures), demonstrate the key points and main challenges in standardizing the ethical review and ethical management of colleges and universities, to provide a possible reference for daily working practices.Methods:Based on the interpretation of the policy document, combined with practical experiences in ethical review and ethical management, this paper summarized identified problems faced and proposed feasible practical suggestions.Results:The Measures strengthen the ethical review norms for life science and medical research involving human participants by reaffirming the responsibility of institutions. Colleges and universities might face some challenges and more systematic design is needed.Conclusions:The ethical review and ethical management work at colleges and universities need further consideration, top-down design model should be developed, to set work priorities, and at the same time, more innovative ways should be adopted to facilitate ethical review reliance and coordinate more streamlined review of cooperative research, and improve the quality and efficiency of ethical review promptly.

[Objective]To introduce the experiences of prescription based on syndrome differentiation of Ningbo famous traditional Chinese medicine doctor CHEN Ninggang in using Baihua Sheshecao Decoction to treat acne.[Methods]Comparing analyse of the similarities and differences of the pathogenesis based on the ancient classics,combining Master CHEN's experience through both ancient and modern learning to explore the clinical pathogenic factors and pathogenesis characteristics of modern patients,the prescription structure and the connotation of the prescription of the Baihua Sheshecao Decoction are deeply analyzed and a medical case is attached to support.[Results]Generations of traditional Chinese medical doctors have held different ideas on the pathogenesis of acne,and the related theories are numerous.Master CHEN believes that Ningbo is located in the south of the Yangtze River,coupled with the influence of bad living habits and emotions of modern people,patients get lung and stomach dampness and heat as the main pathogenesis,so the treatment should clear heat and dampness to promote acne through the skin.Therefore,Master CHEN creates Baihua Sheshecao Decoction which based on many years of clinical experience.In the formula,Herba Hedyotis as king medicine is used to clear the dampness and heat and scatter knot to eliminate sores,Poria cocos as minister medicine is used to help Herba Hedyotis to alleviate water retention,Mustard as assistant medicine is used to reducing phlegm and resolving masses,Gleditsia sinensis as assistant medicine is used to break sores and Rhizoma Zingiberis is to warm the spleen and protect the stomach,Ephedra sinica as guiding medicine is to take all medicine through the skin and dissipate the Yin knot,Radix Glycyrrhizae as guiding medicine is to keep the whole formula in harmony.The case attached reviews Master CHEN's process of thought from prescription to syndrome,which solves the pathological factors such as dampness,heat,phlegm and blood stasis in the process of disease and get remarkable results.[Conclusion]Master CHEN takes lung and stomach dampness and heat as the core of the pathogenesis,self-creating Baihua Sheshecao Decoction which existing both powerful destruction to pathogenic factors and considerate protection to patient's body,coupling hardness with softness.The formula can be flexible modified according to the various changes of the state of illnesses and is effective in treatment.This thinking process of prescription to syndrome analysis is worth further exploration and research for clinical reference.