BACKGROUND:Diabetes exacerbates intervertebral disc degeneration in a number of ways,and good glycemic control is beneficial in preventing intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the relationship between diabetes and intervertebral disc degeneration to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of disc degeneration in patients with diabetes.METHODS:Literature searches were performed in CNKI and PubMed databases for articles published from 1980 to 2023.The Chinese and English search terms were"diabetes,intervertebral disc degeneration,cartilage endplate degeneration,apoptosis,advanced glycation end products,osmotic stress."Finally,73 articles were included for summary and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The pathophysiological process of diabetes-induced intervertebral disc degeneration is different from that of physiological degeneration.The main mechanisms of diabetes-induced intervertebral disc degeneration include:intracellular hyperglycemia,impaired blood supply to the intervertebral discs due to microvascular pathology,cellular senescence,apoptosis,and autophagy,accumulation of advanced glycation end products,osmotic stress,and destruction of the extracellular matrix components due to other pathways.(2)Drugs such as curcumin,resveratrol,and lupeol have therapeutic effects on intervertebral disc degeneration,but their safety and effectiveness need to be further demonstrated in clinical treatment.

BACKGROUND:Diabetes exacerbates intervertebral disc degeneration in a number of ways,and good glycemic control is beneficial in preventing intervertebral disc degeneration.OBJECTIVE:To review the relationship between diabetes and intervertebral disc degeneration to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of disc degeneration in patients with diabetes.METHODS:Literature searches were performed in CNKI and PubMed databases for articles published from 1980 to 2023.The Chinese and English search terms were"diabetes,intervertebral disc degeneration,cartilage endplate degeneration,apoptosis,advanced glycation end products,osmotic stress."Finally,73 articles were included for summary and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The pathophysiological process of diabetes-induced intervertebral disc degeneration is different from that of physiological degeneration.The main mechanisms of diabetes-induced intervertebral disc degeneration include:intracellular hyperglycemia,impaired blood supply to the intervertebral discs due to microvascular pathology,cellular senescence,apoptosis,and autophagy,accumulation of advanced glycation end products,osmotic stress,and destruction of the extracellular matrix components due to other pathways.(2)Drugs such as curcumin,resveratrol,and lupeol have therapeutic effects on intervertebral disc degeneration,but their safety and effectiveness need to be further demonstrated in clinical treatment.

With the aging population, the burden of diseases such as atrial fibrillation and venous thrombosis is gradually increasing. Anticoagulant therapy has a positive significance in preventing ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, and other related conditions in these patients. However, anticoagulant therapy can have the opposite effect on diseases caused by intracranial hemorrhage, such as falls in the elderly, cerebrovascular accidents, and car accidents. It is still difficult to determine whether and when to restart anticoagulation after cerebral hemorrhage. Although most studies have shown that restarting anticoagulant therapy can reduce stroke risk without significantly increasing bleeding risk, they are mostly based on observational studies, so more high-quality research is needed to guide clinical decision-making. This article reviews the research progress on restart anticoagulation, aiming to provide some assistance for clinical applications.

Objective To develop an evidence-based practice program for ICU eye care and evaluate its application effect using Stetler model of research utilization.Methods The systematic search was carried out in domestic and foreign guid elines,systematic reviews,evidence summaries,expert consensuses on eye care for ICU patients.The quality of the included literature was evaluated and the evidence was summarized.The evidence based on expert advice,clinical context and stakeholder opinions was screened.According to Stetler model of research utilization,the evidence translation/application was formulated from 3 aspects,including method,level and type of evidence application,and the evidence translation was implemented using a stepwise trial design.Five ICUs in a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang Province were selected,and the order of enrollment of each ICU was determined by computer-generated random numbers from April to september,2022.In the first month,all ICUs were in pre-evidence-based practice period,and in the second month,an ICU was trained and entered the evidence-based practice period.Until the 6th month,all ICUs entered the evidence-based practice period.Then the rate of ocular symptoms and implementation rate of eye care measures were compared before and after EBP.Results A total of 1 540 patients were included.With regard to the implementation rate of eye care measures,the rate of lubricant use and suspected ocular infection management in patients at high risk for ocular complications in evidence-based practice period was significantly higher compared with pre-evidence-based practice period(P＜0.001),and no statistically significant difference was found in the rate of eyelid closure.The incidence of conjunctival exposure,subconjunctival hemorrhage,conjunctival congestion,and ocular discharge in non-neurology critical care patients decreased compared with pre-evidence-based practice period(P＜0.05),and the incidence of conjunctival edema and conjunctival congestion in NICU patients decreased compared with pre-evidence-based practice period as the intervention continued(P＜0.001).Conclusion Evidence-based practice in eye care for ICU patients using Stetler model of research utilization can standardize the practice of eye care for ICU patients and improve the quality of care.

Objective:To identify and characterize one Yokenella regensburgei strain(designated as CXLZQ123) isolated from a case of perionychial abscess. Methods:Strain CXLZQ123 was isolated from a patient with periungual abscess at the Dermatology Department of San County Central Hospital in June 2, 2023. The strain was initially identified through morphological and biochemical tests, followed by mass spectrometry identification, 16S rRNA sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. MEGA 11.0 was used to compare and analyze the strain′s genetic relationship with relevant species in GenBank, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on genetic distance to analyze its genetic evolution. Meanwhile, the average nucleotide identity between its genome and similar strains were compared.Results:The strain was identified as a Gram-negative rod. MicroScan WalkAway biochemical tests indicated that the strain was either Yokenella regensburgei (91.47%) or Hafnia alvei (8.53%). MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry confirmed it as Yokenella regensburgei. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strain showed the highest similarity(99.37%) to CIP 105435 (sequence number NR_104934.1). The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolated strain Yokenella regensburgei was submitted to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with the GenBank sequence number of OR230248.1. The whole-genome of CXLZQ123 were sequenced and uploaded (NCBI, SRA sequence number: SRR26510420). The average nucleotide identity between CXLZQ123 and Yokenella regensburgei strains W13 and UU2206353 were 98.82% and 99.04%, respectively. Conclusions:Through morphological observation, biochemical identification, mass spectrometry identification, 16S rRNA and whole-genome sequencing, this pathogenic strain is identified as Yokenella regensburgei. This rare bacterium is sensitive to most detected antibiotics. This study provides diagnostic and treatment experience for Yokenella regensburgei-related infections.

Objective To observe the effects of AnMeiDan(AMD),a representative formula of Peiyuan Guben Tranquilisation method,on the learning memory of zebrafish model of sleep deprivation(SD),and to explore the possible mechanism and the optimal apparent dose based on the Orexin signalling pathway.Methods 120 4-month-old wild-type AB line zebrafish were randomly divided into blank group,model group,AMD low-dose group(0.009 mg·mL-1·d-1),AMD medium-dose group(0.027 mg·mL-1·d-1),AMD high-dose group(0.081 mg·mL-1·d-1),and melatonin group(0.4 mg·mL-1·d-1).Zebrafish SD model was established by LED light induction method,24 h behavioural changes of zebrafish in each group were monitored by zebrafish behavioural tracking system,differences in learning and memory ability of zebrafish in each group were detected by T-maze,the state and number of neurons in the brain of zebrafish in each group were observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE)staining method,the structural changes of neurons in the brain of zebrafish in each group were observed by transmission electron microscopy,and changes in neuron structure in the brain of zebrafish in each group were detected by ELISA method.The levels of Orexin A(OXA)and Orexin B(OXB)in zebrafish were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the protein and mRNA expression levels of OXA/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38 MAPK)/extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK1/2)were detected by protein immunoblotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative assay(RT-PCR)in zebrafish.Results Compared with the blank group,the total number of rests,duration and distance were reduced in the model group(P<0.05),and the latency to enter the target region(OR)was prolonged(P<0.01);the number of neuronal cells was reduced,the nuclei were degenerated(P<0.01),cytoplasmic hyalinosis was increased(P<0.01),and light colouring was observed,the nuclei were collapsed,the nuclear membranes were ruptured and lysed,the chromatin was solidified,and the mitochondria were swollen and deformed with internal cavities,and lamellipod-like myelin-like structure was formed;the brain tissue OXA,OXA,and ERK1/2 expression levels of the mRNAs and the mRNAs of these signaling pathways were increased(P<0.01).brain tissue OXA and OXB proteins were significantly elevated,OXA mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated,and P38 MAPK and ERK1/2 mRNA and protein were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the drug intervention could prolong the total resting exercise time of SD zebrafish(P<0.05);shorten the latency of zebrafish to reach OR(P<0.05);protect the structure and morphology of neuronal cells,and alleviate the damage of brain tissues;reduce the content of OXA and OXB in the brain tissues(P<0.01);and down-regulate the expression of OXA mRNA and protein(P<0.01),and up-regulate the P38 MAPK and ERK1/2 mRNA and protein expression of P38 MAPK and ERK1/2(P<0.01);and the quantity-effect relationship was obvious,and the effect of high dose of AMD was optimal.Conclusion AMD can improve the learning and memory ability in zebrafish SD model,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of OXA/P38 MAPK/ERK1/2 signalling pathway and alleviation of neuronal damage in the brain,and the high dose group of AMD showed the best effect.

Venous thromboembolism is a common comorbidity in neurosurgery department that can lead to life-threatening pulmonary embolism, endangering patient health. The unique characteristics of neurosurgical conditions often present a high risk of bleeding, which complicates the treatment of venous thrombosis. Although numerous observational studies and meta-analyses support the feasibility of initiating early anticoagulation prevention or treatment after hemorrhage stabilization in intracranial hemorrhagic conditions such as traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage, there is a lack of high-quality clinical research. As a result, neurosurgeons tend to adopt a conservative approach regarding pharmacological prophylaxis and anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism. Key aspects such as the timing of prevention, monitoring, and discontinuation of treatment still require high-quality research to establish definitive guidelines.

Objective We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Suanzaoren decoction for post-stroke insomnia.Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search,including PubMed,EMbase,CNKI,WanFang Data and so on,from the database creating to September 15th 2023.Our systematic review only included randomized controlled trials(RCTs)concerning with Suanzaoren decoction in treating post-stroke insomnia.Two reviewers independently screened the literature,extracted the data,and assessed the risk of bias for included studies.We used RevMan 5.3 software to perform Meta-analysis.Results A total of 13 RCTs were included,involving 1002 patients.The meta-analysis results showed that the clinical effective rate of the Suanzaoren decoction group was higher than the control group(OR=4.25,95%CI 2.79 to 6.46,P<0.00001).The Suanzaoren decoction group(combined with other treatments)reduced the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)score more significantly than the control group(MD=-2.78,95%CI-3.24 to-2.33,P<0.00001).The Suanzaoren Decoction group was better than the control group in reducing the score of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)and improving neurological impairment(MD=-1.58,95%CI-1.95 to-1.21,P<0.00001).The incidence of adverse events in Suanzaoren Decoction group was lower than that in the control group(OR=0.38,95%CI 0.20 to 0.71,P=0.003).Conclusion Suanzaoren decoction can enhance the clinical efficacy and improve the degree of neurological defect of post-stroke insomnia patients,Suanzaoren decoction(combined with other treatments)can improve the sleep quality.The incidence of adverse events is lower.However,the efficacy and safety of Suanzaoren decoction for post-stroke insomnia still need to be further verified by more high-quality RCTs.

Objective:To summarize literature of risk prediction models for catheter-related thrombosis in PICC at home and abroad, in order to provide reference for the development and improvement of risk prediction models for PICC catheter-related thrombosis (PICC-CRT) and the selection and use of medical staff.Methods:All studies on the risk prediction model of PICC-CRT were systematically searched in the Chinese and English literature database from June 2012 to June 2022. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted the data. The prediction model risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the bias risk and applicability of the included literature.Results:A total of 13 articles were included, including 1 multicenter study and 12 single-center studies. Eight literatures were retrospective studies and five were prospective studies. Bias risk assessment showed that there was a bias risk in all the 6 studies. In terms of applicability evaluation, the 13 studies had good applicability in all fields and overall.Conclusions:There were various types of PICC catheter-related thrombosis risk assessment models, which had good predictive efficiency, but there was also a high risk of bias in these studies. The important contents of PICC catheter-related thrombosis risk prediction model are patient factors and treatment factors. In the future, the existing models need to be validated and improved, or a prediction model with low risk of bias should be constructed to effectively prevent PICC-CRT.

Objective Observe the effect of Liuwei Anshen Capsule on sleep improvement of aged sleep deprivation zebrafish model.Methods Sixty 18-month-old female zebrafish were randomly divided into blank group,model group,Liuwei Anshen group,and melatonin group.The zebrafish in the blank group were raised under normal lighting conditions,and the other three groups were constructed with continuous lighting for 3 days.Zebrafish in Liuwei Anshen group were treated with Liuwei Anshen capsule water solution 0.000 50 mg·mL-1 for 3 days on the basis of model group,and zebrafish in melatonin group were treated with melatonin aqueous solution 0.2 mg·mL-1 on the basis of model group for 3 days.After 3 days,the zebrafish behavior system was used to detect the resting time of zebrafish in each group.qRT-PCR method was used to detect cyclin 1a(per1a),cyclin2(per2),circadian motor output cycle 1a(clock1a),cryptochrome 1b(cry1b),and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-htiaa)in each group of zebrafish and follicle-stimulating hormone beta(fshβ)gene expression levels.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of estrogen receptorα(Esrα),Fshβand luteinizing hormone(Lh)in zebrafish in each group.HE staining was used to observe the ovary of zebrafish in each group.Results Compared with the zebrafish in the blank group,the resting time of the zebrafish in the model group decreased significantly(P<0.01)during the 24 hours of observation.After the intervention of Liuwei Anshen Capsule and melatonin,the resting time of the zebrafish was significantly increased.(P<0.01).Compared with the zebrafish in the blank group,the mRNA expressions of zebrafish circadian clock genes per1a,per2,clock1a,cry1b,5-htiaa,and fshβ all showed a downward trend after sleep deprivation(P<0.05,P<0.01).After the intervention of Liuwei Anshen Capsules,the mRNA expressions of per1,clock1a,cry1b,5-htiaa and fshβ were all up-regulated(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the zebrafish in the blank group,the protein expressions of Esrα and Lh in the zebrafish of the model group were up-regulated(P<0.05),the expression of Fshβ protein was down-regulated(P<0.05),after the intervention of Liuwei Anshen Capsules,the above proteins did not change significantly.The ovarian tissue cells of the zebrafish in the blank group had normal morphology and a large number of primary oocytes,while the ovarian tissue cells of the zebrafish in the model group were damaged in morphology and the number of primary oocytes decreased,after the intervention of Liuwei Anshen Capsule and melatonin,the cell morphology of zebrafish ovarian tissue was still damaged to varying degrees,but the whole was relatively intact,and the number of primary oocytes increased.Conclusion The insomnia of aged zebrafish may be caused by multiple factors.Liuwei Anshen capsule has significant effects on estrogen level of rhythm gene and ovarian function of sleep-deprived aged zebrafish.