Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease that mainly affects the spine and the sacroiliac joint， the mechanism of which is closely related to signaling pathways， such as osteoprotegerin （OPG）/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB （RANK）/RANK ligand， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， Wnt/β-catenin （β-catenin）， phosphoinositide 3- kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin （PI3K/Akt/mTOR）. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of multiple components and targets， and is widely used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to its low toxicity， strong specificity， and high efficacy. This review found that monomers and compounds of traditional Chinese medicine can exert anti ankylosing spondylitis effects by intervening in the aforementioned signaling pathways， regulating immune inflammatory responses， and inhibiting biological processes such as bone destruction， ectopic osteogenic differentiation， cell apoptosis， and autophagy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of the Wulao Qisun prescription on pathological new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis （AS）. MethodsSynovial fibroblasts were isolated from the hip joints of AS patients and observed under a microscope to assess cell morphology. The cells were identified using immunofluorescence staining. The isolated AS fibroblasts were divided into blank group， low drug-containing serum group， medium drug-containing serum group， high drug-containing serum group， and positive drug group. After drug intervention， cell proliferation was measured using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay to observe fibroblast growth and determine the optimal intervention time. Alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity was measured using the alkaline phosphatase assay. Protein expression of osteocalcin （OCN）， osteopontin （OPN）， and runt-related transcription factor 2 （Runx2） was detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression levels of Wnt5a， β-catenin， and Dickkopf-1 （DKK-1） were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsCompared with the blank group， each drug-containing serum group of Wulao Qisun prescription and the positive drug group inhibited the proliferation of AS fibroblasts and reduced ALP expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the low drug-containing serum group of Wulao Qisun prescription downregulated β-catenin mRNA expression （P<0.05）. The medium and high drug-containing serum groups and the positive drug group significantly downregulated Wnt5a and β-catenin mRNA expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with the positive drug group showing the most pronounced effect （P<0.01）. The high drug-containing serum group and the positive drug group significantly upregulated DKK-1 mRNA expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the low drug-containing serum group of Wulao Qisun prescription inhibited the expression of OPN and Runx2 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while the medium and high drug-containing serum groups and the positive drug group inhibited the expression of OCN， OPN， and Runx2 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe Wulao Qisun prescription can inhibit the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of AS fibroblasts， thereby delaying the formation of pathological new bone in AS. The possible mechanism involves the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin-related gene expression， further inhibiting the transcription of downstream target genes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Qingre Sanzhuo decoction in treating gouty arthritis （GA） combined with hyperuricaemia （HUA）. MethodsSixty male SD rats were randomized into normal， model， colchicine （0.5 mg·kg^-1）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （17， 34， 68 g·kg^-1， respectively） Qingre Sanzhuo decoction groups （n=10）. The rats in other groups except the normal group were treated with the modified method for the modeling of GA combined with HUA. The drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage in the afternoon every day and the normal group and the model group were administrated with an equal volume of sterile normal saline by gavage. The level of uric acid （SUA） in the serum was measured 2 h after the last administration. The degree of ankle joint swelling was calculated 0.5， 12， 24， 48 h after modeling， and joint inflammation was scored. The pathological changes of ankle joints were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining， and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， C reactive protein （CRP）， and interleukin-18 （IL-18） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD （ASC）， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1）， gasdermin D （GSDMD）， and nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） in the synovial tissue of ankle joints. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 in ankle joints. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of GSDMD and NF-κB in the synovial tissue of ankle joints. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed increased SUA in the serum （P<0.05）， ankle joint swelling and joint inflammation （P<0.05）， increased number of blood vessels in the synovium， inflammatory cell foci in the synovial bursa， elevated serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， CRP， and IL-18 （P<0.05）， and up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， GSDMD， and NF-κB in the synovial tissue of ankle joints （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the medium- and high-dose Qingre Sanzhuo decoction groups showed reduced SUA in the serum （P<0.05）， alleviated ankle joint swelling and joint inflammation （P<0.05）， lowered serum levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， CRP， and IL-18 （P<0.05）， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， GSDMD， and NF-κB in the synovial tissue of ankle joints （P<0.05）. However， in terms of ameliorating the pathological changes of ankle joints， only the high-dose Qingre Sanzhuo decoction group showed normal morphology of the synovial membrane of ankle joints and no obvious lesion in the articular cartilage. ConclusionQingre Sanzhuo decoction may play a role in preventing and controlling GA combined with HUA by down-regulating the activity of NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 pathway and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory cytokines， such as TNF-α， IL-1β， CRP， and IL-18.

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate medication risk prediction models for hospitalized adult patients and provide references for their development and clinical application. METHODS Databases including PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， CNKI， Wanfang data， VIP and CBM were searched for studies on medication risk prediction models from their inception to May 2024. After screening the literature， extracting data， and evaluating the quality of the literature， descriptive analysis was performed on the results of the included studies. RESULTS A total of 13 studies were included， involving 12 models. Nine studies used Logistic regression algorithm for modeling， and the number of included predictive factors ranged from 3 to 11； the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.65 to 0.865. The literature quality evaluation results showed that 10 studies had high risk of bias； 10 studies had high applicability risk. A total of 31 predictive factors were extracted， including 15 items of basic patient information， 3 test indicators， and 5 items of medication information， and 8 others. CONCLUSIONS The existing medication risk prediction models for hospitalized adult inpatients are mainly Logistic regression algorithm， with predictive factors mainly focusing on basic indicators such as demographics. The overall prediction performance of the models needs to be improved， and the overall risk of bias is relatively high.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among voluntary blood donors in Qinghai Province over a ten-year period and to provide evidence for refining blood safety screening strategies. Methods: Blood samples from 362 066 blood donors in Qinghai collected between January 2015 and April 2024 were simultaneously screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nucleic acid testing (NAT). Follow-up was conducted for donors with reactive HCV RNA screening results, and alanine transaminase (ALT) was detected by rate method. Results: The HCV positive rate among blood donors in Qinghai was 0.22%. Gender, marital status, number of blood donations, and educational level were associated with HCV infection. Significant differences in HCV positive rates were observed among donors across regions and ethnic groups. The HCV positive rate among donors in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (with an average altitude of 4 330 m) was significantly higher than that in Xining (0.52% vs 0.21%, P<0.001). Positivity rates were also significantly higher in Salar (0.84%), Hui (0.81%), Zang (0.60%), and Tu (0.45%) ethnic groups compared to the Han ethnic group (0.17%) (P<0.001). The abnormal rate of ALT in HCV-positive donors was higher than in non-HCV donors (6.13% vs 1.55%) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The relatively high HCV positivity rate among blood donors in Qinghai highlights the need for further investigation into viral sources, risk factors, and transmission routes. Optimized screening strategies are essential to ensure blood safety.

Transcatheter peripheral arterial embolization via transfemoral access(TFA)has been one of the most commonly used interventional treatments.Peripheral artery embolization via transradial access(TRA)has several advantages such as fewer complications at the puncture site,high patient comfort and satisfaction,short hospitalization stay,etc.when compared to TFA,therefore,in clinical practice its application frequency is constantly increasing.However,the clinical application,the postoperative complications,and the study of procedure-related instruments used for peripheral arterial embolization via TRA are still poorly recognized.This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the clinical application and research status of peripheral arterial embolization via TRA,and to discuss the current challenges and the future development direction of this technique.

Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a typical spinal arthritis characterised by inflammatory back pain,which seriously affects the health and quality of life of patients.The clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis is clear,but the mechanism is not clear,and the existing animal models cannot be well applied to the evaluation of Chinese medicine in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.Therefore,this paper summarizes the existing animal models based on Chinese and Western medicine clinical diagnosis,disease characteristics,etiology and Chinese medicine evidence,and finds that among the existing animal models,the proteoglycan-induced arthritis mouse model has a higher Chinese and Western medicine clinical fit than the other models,but lacks the corresponding Chinese medicine evidence model evaluation.The other animal models had a higher Western clinical match,but lacked the characteristics of the Traditional Chinee Medicine(TCM)syndrome.As ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with complex pathogenic factors,the existing animal models cannot better simulate the clinical symptoms.Therefore,the establishment of animal models of ankylosing spondylitis with the characteristics of Chinese and Western clinical evidence is a future research priority for AS TCM.

Objective To investigate the clinical prognosis value of serum microRNA(miR)-138-5p and miR-212-5p levels in prostate cancer.Methods A total of 95 cases of prostate cancer patients admitted to the First Hospital of Handan from July 2020 to June 2021 were collected.Based on follow-up records for two years after surgery,these patients were separated into a poor prognosis group(n=52)and a good prognosis group(n=43),and 48 healthy volunteers who underwent a physical examination at the hospital were collected as the healthy control group.In addition,quantitative real-time fluorescence-PCR(qRT-PCR)was applied to detect the relative expression levels of miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p in the serum of study subjects,and the clinical data of the patients were collected and analyzed.Multivariate COX regression was applied to analyze factors that affected the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.The predictive value of serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p for the prognosis of prostate patients was tested,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were plotted.Pearson method was applied to analyze the correlation between the expression of serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p and the Gleason score.Results Compared to the healthy control group,the serum levels of miR-138-5p(0.88±0.10,0.83±0.09 vs 1.01±0.10),and miR-212-5p(0.75±0.09,0.71±0.08 vs 1.02±0.11)were lower in the good prostate cancer prognosis group and poor prostate cancer prognosis group,and the differences were significant(t=14.021,22.275;9.825,18.063,all P＜0.05).The prognosis of prostate cancer patients was related to TNM staging,bone metastasis,tissue differentiation degree,preoperative PSA level,and Gleason score(x2=4.417～7.187,t=14.235,all P＜0.05).Serum miR-138-5p[HR(95％CI):0.871(0.785～0.966)],and miR-212-5p[HR(95％CI):0.822(0.725～0.932)]were protective factors for poor prognosis(all P＜0.05).While Gleason score[HR(95％CI):1.253(1.026～1.530)],TNM stage[HR(95％CI):1.224(1.024～1.463)],bone metastasis[HR(95％CI):1.398(1.036～1.887)],tissue differentiation degree[HR(95％CI):1.520(1.146～2.016)]and PSA level[HR(95％CI):1.426(1.094～1.858)]were all risk factors for poor prognosis(all P＜0.05).The AUC(95％CI)of serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p were 0.883(95％CI:0.801～0.940)and 0.863(95％CI:0.777～0.925),respectively.Serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p were negatively correlated with the Gleason score(r=-0.610,-0.420,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum miR-138-5p and miR-212-5p levels are elevated in patients with poor prostate cancer prognosis and may have a certain auxiliary predictive value for prostate cancer patient prognosis.

Objective To analyze the correlation between digital mammography features,lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR)and prognosis in patient with invasive breast cancer,and to explore the prognostic value of digital mammography features and LMR in invasive breast cancer.Methods Ninety-six patients with invasive breast cancer were selected.The data of digital mammography features and serum LMR levels were analyzed.The patients were followed up after discharge.According to different prognosis,all patients were divided into good prognosis group(68 cases)and poor prognosis group(28 cases).Spearman was used to analyze the correlation of digital mammography features,LMR level and prognosis of patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to analyze the prognostic value of digital mammography features and LMR level.Results The spicule sign and proportion of calcifica-tion in the poor prognosis group was significantly higher than that in the good prognosis group,the maximum diameter of tumor was significantly larger than that in the good prognosis group,and the serum LMR level was significantly lower than that in the good prognosis group(P＜0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that spicule sign,proportion of calcification and maximum diame-ter of tumor were positively correlated with poor prognosis of invasive breast cancer(P＜0.05).Serum LMR level was negatively correlated with poor prognosis of invasive breast cancer(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of spicule sign,calcification and tumor maximum diameter combined with LMR level to evaluate the prognosis of invasive breast cancer was 0.927,the sensitivity was 89.71％,and the specificity was 82.14％,which were significantly higher than those of each index alone.Conclusion Digital mammography and serum LMR levels may be closely related to the prognosis of patients with invasive breast cancer,and spicule sign,calcification,tumor maximum diameter combined with serum LMR may be of significant prognostic value in invasive breast cancer.