ObjectiveTo find out whether there is any difference in the monitoring results of mosq-ovitraps placed in different orientations in multi-storey residential areas, so as to provide a scientific basis for routine and emergency monitoring of Aedes albopictus with mosq-ovitraps in residential areas. MethodsFrom July 6th to October 26th 2023, one mosquito ovitrap was set up in each of the 4 orientations of east, south, west and north around the buildings in a multi-storey residential area in Jinhui Town, Fengxian District, Shanghai. Data was collected and recorded 72 hours after placement. The chi-square test was used to compare the mosquito ovitrap indices (MOIs) of two independent samples, and the Kruskal⁃Wallis H test was used to compare the MOIs of multiple independent samples. ResultsAfter 16 weeks of surveillance, 997 mosquito ovitraps were recovered, of which 211 were positive, with the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) of 21.16% and the Aedes albopictus density index of 1.03 mosquitoes·ovitrap^-1. The MOIs were higher in September (24.22%) and October (23.96%), and the MOIs in the west, south and north within the two months were all above 20.00%. From July to October, the MOIs in the east, west, south and north were 20.70%, 22.20%, 25.50% and 16.20%, respectively, and the difference in MOIs among the 4 orientations was not statistically significant (χ²=6.647, P=0.084). Stratified analysis by month showed that in August, the south side of the multi-storey residential areas had the highest MOI (31.30%), the north side had the lowest MOI (1.30%), and there was a statistically significant difference in MOI in the east, west, south and north (χ²=25.986, P<0.001). In October, the MOI in the west was the highest (33.30%) and the MOI in the east was the lowest (6.30%), the difference in MOIs of the 4 orientations was statistically significant (χ²=12.007, P=0.007). The MOIs in the south side of the building in the outskirts of the residential area from the 1st week in July to the 4th week in October was lower (19.20%) than that in the south side of the inner building (31.70%), and the difference in MOI was statistically significant (χ²=5.118, P=0.024). ConclusionThe study of MOI in different orientations in a multi-storey residential area is a preliminary exploration based on field work, and the results show that there is a difference in MOIs in different orientations during the peak breeding period of mosquitoes. Further indicators such as temperature, humidity and wind speed in different orientations can be collected to explore the influencing factors of MOIs.

Objective:To understand the genomic characteristics and evolutionary trends of three coxsackievirus (CV) subtypes, including CV-A2, CV-A4 and CV-A5, in Suzhou city.Methods:Totally 248 samples were collected during routine monitoring for hand, foot, and mouth disease in Suzhou city from January to June in 2022. The specimens were detected for CV genotypes using Real-time fluorescence-reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR). The CV positive samples were sequenced using the Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform. After obtaining the whole genome sequences of CV strains, homology analysis was performed. An evolutionary tree was constructed using molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) X. Sequence recombination regions were analyzed using SimPlot and BootScan.Results:During routine monitoring for hand, foot and mouth disease in Suzhou city from January to June in 2022, one strain each of CV-A2, CV-A4, and CV-A5 viruses were identified, and their complete genomes were sequenced. CV-A2 and CV-A4 were clustered with the current prevalent strains in China, and no new amino acid site mutations were found in the whole genome of CV-A2; CV-A4 had several new amino acid site mutations in the non-structural region compared with the prototype strain; CV-A5 belonged to the C1 subgenotype 3 lineage, and the genome of CV-A5 had several new amino acid mutation sites in the non-structural protein region and underwent recombination.Conclusions:The CV-A2 and CV-A4 strains are stable epidemic strains, the CV-A5 strain is recombinant strain in Suzhou city.

Objective:To understand the current knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on influenza and influenza vaccine among pregnant women in Suzhou and to analyze its influencing factors to provide technical support data for public health strategies for promoting influenza vaccination in pregnant women.Methods:A questionnaire was designed, and a stratified sampling method was used to conduct a face-to-face survey among pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy who received antenatal examinations at different levels of medical institutions in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, in 2023. KAP status and influencing factors were analyzed by χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. Results:A total of 2 195 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey. The M( Q1, Q3) of knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccine among pregnant women in Suzhou was 7.60 (5.23, 9.80) points, and the score range was 0.20-14.71 points, the passing rate was 34.12%, the awareness rate of influenza vaccine was 57.45%, and the vaccination rate of influenza vaccine was 1.91% within one year before the survey. The willingness to receive influenza vaccine during pregnancy was only 3.57%. Multivariate analysis of influenza and influenza vaccine-related knowledge scores showed that the passing rate was positively correlated with education level and gestational age. In contrast, family income was negatively correlated with living in rural areas, working as migrant workers, and having no medical insurance. Multivariate analysis of vaccination intention showed that decreased effectiveness of influenza vaccine and increased adverse reactions decreased vaccination intention during pregnancy. Conclusions:The pregnant women in Suzhou pay more attention to influenza, and vaccination rates and intentions are generally low. Pregnant women with early and second trimester of pregnancy, low education, living in rural areas, working as migrant workers, and not purchasing medical insurance are the key groups to popularize the knowledge about influenza and influenza vaccine.

ObjectiveTo explore the variation rules and health risks of trihalomethane in regional drinking water， and to provide evidence for the innovative water processing technology and the optimization of drinking water quality. MethodsBased on regional drinking water sanitation monitoring， non-parametric rank sum test was used to analyze the effects of residual trihalomethane production in different periods and with disinfection methods. The United States environmental protection agency （USEPA） classic "four-step" health risk assessment model was used to evaluate the carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of trihalomethane through drinking water exposure. ResultsThe yield of trichloromethane in wet season was 6.3 μg·L^-1， which was higher than that in dry season. Compared with chlorination pretreatment， ozone pretreatment reduced the content of bromomethane dichloromethane. Compared to liquid chlorine disinfection， sodium hypochlorite treatment incresed the levels of trichloromethane and bromomethane chloride. Although the total carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of trihalomethane in drinking water in the region were at safe levels， they were above the acceptable limits occasionally. The highest carcinogenic risk of trihalomethane were dichlorobromomethane and chlorodibromomethane，and the highest non-carcinogenic risk was trichloromethane. The health risk of children was 1.2 times higher than that for adults. ConclusionThe production of residual trihalomethane in drinking water in this area is relatively low， which is less harmful to the health of adults and children. Monitoring， including other disinfection byproducts， should continue and appropriate disinfection techniques for drinking water should be explored.

Objective:To investigate the effects and the possible mechanisms of Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD),thus to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of the Eight Confluent Points.Methods:Forty specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a blank group,a model group,an electroacupuncture(EA)group,and a Western medicine group by the random number table method,with 10 rats in each group.Rats in the blank group did not receive modeling or intervention.Rats in the other three groups were subjected to the FD with mood disorder model using the compound etiology modeling method.After the successful modeling,rats in the model group did not receive any interventions,rats in the Western medicine group received deanxit and mosaprid intervention,and those in the EA group received EA intervention on the ipsilateral Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)for 21 d.The sugar-water consumption rate was measured before the experiment and before and after interventions to assess the emotional status.The gastric emptying rate was measured after interventions to assess the gastrointestinal dynamics.The expression levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),and adrenal corticosterone(CORT)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with the blank group,the sugar-water consumption rate and the gastric emptying rate were decreased(P<0.01),and the hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT expression levels were increased(P<0.01)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the sugar-water consumption rate and the gastric emptying rate were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the expression levels of hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT were significantly decreased(P<0.01)in the EA group and the Western medicine group.The differences between the EA group and the Western medicine group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:The Eight Confluent Points Neiguan(PC6)and Gongsun(SP4)can improve the mood and gastrointestinal dynamics in FD rats,which may be achieved by down-regulating the hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH,and adrenal CORT,as well as by correcting the HPA axis hyperfunction.

Objective:To study the regulation and mechanism of Asperosaponin Ⅵ on polarization of M1/M2 macrophages.Methods:MTT assay was used to detect the effects of Asperosaponin Ⅵ on RAW264.7 cell viability.The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in supernatant of RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were determined by ELISA.The content of nitric oxide(NO)in supernatant of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS was determined by Griess method.The gene expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6,argi-nase-1(Arg-1),heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)and suppressor of cytokine signaling protein-2(SOCS2)were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of iNOS and p-p65 protein.Results:In LPS induced RAW264.7 cells,Asperosaponin Ⅵ inhibited protein or gene expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6,iNOS and p-p65,and increased HO-1 gene expression.Asperosaponin Ⅵ inhibited NO secretion in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS.Asperosaponin Ⅵ increased the gene expression levels of M2 macrophage markers Arg1 and SOCS2 induced by IL-4.Conclusion:Asperosaponin Ⅵ inhibited RAW264.7 macrophage polarization to M1 type and promote it polarization to M2 type,which can play its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulato-ry role by regulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization.

Objective: To analyze the etiological characteristics of an outbreak of Campylobacter foodborne disease in a middle school in Suzhou City, so as to provide insights into the identification of pathogenic factors of Campylobacter foodborne disease outbreaks. Methods: Eighteen anal swabs from patients, 10 anal swabs from canteen workers, 43 food samples, 2 drinking water samples, 2 food original material samples and 31 environmental samples were collected, and the pathogens were rapidly screened using the gastrointestinal infection detection strip. The pathogens were isolated and cultured using the double-pore filtration membrane method, and cluster analysis of bacterial isolates was performed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis ( PFGE ). In addition, the susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates to antibiotics was tested using the Campylobacter agar dilution method. Results: A total of 63 cases with Campylobacter infections were reported, and the major clinical symptoms included diarrhea ( 51 cases, 80.95% ) and fever ( 39 cases, 61.90% ), while no inpatients or deaths were found. Twelve Campylobacter-positive samples were detected, including 11 anal swabs sampled from patients and one food original material sample. Among the 11 positive anal swabs, there were 10 samples positive for Campylobacter jejuni and one sample positive for C. coli, and of the one positive food original material, C. coli was identified. PFGE analysis showed that 10 C. jejuni isolates of had 100.0% homology, and these 10 isolates were 100.0% resistant to naphthyridic acid, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, appearing multidrug resistance. Conclusions This is an outbreak of foodborne disease caused by C. jejuni infections. Gastrointestinal infection detection strips, double-pore filtration membrane and PFGE typing are rapid and accurate to identify pathogenic factors.

Objective: To understand the current situation and demand school health education in five areas across China, and to provide theoretical support for further revision and improvement on school health education. Methods: Stratified multi stage cluster sampling was adopted. A total of 4 052 students were selected from five areas across China [Urumqi( n =1 295), Haikou City( n =448), Shijiazhuang City( n =788), Chengdu City( n =728), Suzhou City( n =793)]. Online questionnaire survey was conducted by questionnair star. Results: About 89.98% of the students used the use of uniform teaching materials, and 63.50% attended the health education classes once a week. The main sources of health knowledge, the use of uniform teaching materials, class schedule and the difference of teachers in different regions and periods were statistically significant ( χ 2=54.98, 40.97, 590.08, 1 061.12；50.70, 47.68 , 356.09, 193.30, P <0.05). The main source of health knowledge was from school/teachers(92.47%). Most health education teachers were classroom teachers(30.03%). Content of health education that students were interested in varied by gender and grade ( χ 2=20.91, 35.90, P <0.05), but not by area ( P >0.05). Demand for health knowledge of students varied by area and grade ( χ 2=177.29, 32.37, P <0.05). Conclusion The status quo of health education in schools is good. Further attention should be paid to cultivate high quality health education teachers and provide targeted health education activities according to students demand, and ultimately improving health literacy among students.

Objective:To investigate the preventive effect of postoperative pancreatic fistula by pedicled omentum wrapping pancreaticojejunostomy in pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 78 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University from September 2017 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the modified pancreaticojejunostomy group (conventional approach group, n=43) and the pedicled omentum wrapping pancreaticojejunostomy group (omentum wrapping group, n=35) according to the surgical mode. Postoperative pancreatic fistula, postoperative abdominal bleeding, delayed gastric emptying and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results:Compared with the conventional approach group, the postoperative pancreatic fistula rate in omentum wrapping group was significantly reduced (2.9% vs 18.6%), and the difference was statistically different ( P=0.030); postoperative abdominal bleeding rate(0 vs 4.7%)and the delayed gastric emptying rate were significantly reduced (8.6% vs 25.6%), but both of them were not statistically different ( all P value>0.05); the length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly reduced [(11.3±2.9) days vs (12.8±3.5)days], and the difference was statistically different ( P=0.045). Conclusions:The pedicled omentum wrapping pancreaticojejunostomy was simple and convenient, which can significantly reduce the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula. It can shorten the time of the length of hospital stay after surgery.

Objective:To identify the pathogens isolated in the subperiosteal abscesses from the pediatric patients with acute osteomyelitis and to investigate the characteristics of bacterial drug resistance.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on children with acute septic osteomyelitis who were hospitalized in the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 1, 2011 to March 1, 2018. The results of bacterial cultures isolated from the subperiosteal abscesses or bone marrow fluid were collected. The Merier automatic bacterial identification system (i.e., Vitek) was used to identify the bacteria and to assess the drug sensitivity.Results:(1) A total of 104 pediatric patients were included and 60 (57.7%) were male. Sixty-six strains of pathogens were isolated from 65 patients (62.5%). Among them, 53 strains (51.0%) were Staphylococcus aureus; 3 strains were Escherichia coli; 2 strains (1.9%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 2 strains (1.9%) were Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains (1.9%) were Ochrobactrum anthropi, and 4 strains (3.8%) were other bacteria. Pathogens were not found in 39 patients (37.5%). (2) Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 81.5% (53/65) of the pathogen-positive cases. Among them, 23 strains (43.4%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Aureus-positive children were statistically significantly older ( P=0.028), heavier ( P=0.040) and had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level ( P=0.038) than the aureus-negative children. (3) All the 53 Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to penicillin and 56.6% of them were only sensitive to benzocillin. The resistance rates to compound sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, clindamycin and erythromycin were 11.3%, 30.2%, 67.9% and 69.8%, respectively. The sensitivity rate of the strains to furantoin was 90.2%. All strains were sensitive to quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid, rifampicin, tigecycline, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. There was 69.8% of the strains resistant to three or more different types of antibiotics. Conclusions:Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen that causes the acute septic osteomyelitis in children, and the resistance rate to Benzocillin is relatively high. Therefore, Benzocillin and Clindamycin, as the traditionally-used drugs, should not be considered as the first choice when empirically using intravenous antibiotics. In the present study, pathogens in 39 patients (37.5%) were not detected in their subperiosteal abscesses or bone marrow fluid, so further effort should be made to investigate the etiology of these patients.