Objective: To understand the impact of childhood trauma on psychological distress among upper grade elemetary school students, and to explore the mediating role of leisure activities in the relationship, so as to provide a basis for developing mental health intervention strategies. Methods: From August to November 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was employed to recruit 1 373 fourth to sixth grade students from four primary schools in Harbin. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ), a self designed leisure activity scale (including active and passive leisure activities), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) were used to assess childhood trauma experiences, leisure activities, and levels of psychological distress. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to explore the relationships among childhood trauma, leisure types, leisure time, and psychological distress. Based on the mediation analysis framework proposed by Hayes (Model 4), the mediating role of leisure types in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress was examined. Results: Totally 19.1% of the upper elemetary school students exhibited psychological distress, while 30.2% had experienced childhood trauma. During school days, 64.6% of the students were reported of having leisure time concentrated between 1 and 5 hours per day, whereas 67.4% reported leisure time exceeding 5 hours per day on weekends. After controlling for potential demographic confounders such as gender, grade, ethnicity, household registration, being an only child, parents educational level, co residence, and whether parents are first time married,linear regression analysis showed that childhood trauma experience had positive predictive effect on psychological distress in upper primary school students( β =0.20, P <0.01). Leisure time showed no statistically significant association with psychological distress, both on school days ( β =-0.58 to -0.56) and weekends ( β =0.26- 0.98 )(all P >0.05). Active leisure activities were negatively associated with psychological distress ( β =-0.20), while passive leisure activities were positively associated with psychological distress ( β =0.29)(both P <0.01). Leisure type partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological distress, accounting for 11.7% of the indirect effect. Conclusion Childhood trauma experiences positively predict psychological distress in upper elementary school students, and affect psychological distress through active leisure and passive leisure.

Objective:To explore the application effect of continuous intravenous infusion of lidocaine on patients undergoing transnasal pituitary tumor resection.Methods:Ninety patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection under general anesthesia from May 2022 to January 2025 were selected.The participants were randomly divided into two groups:a control group and a lidocaine group,with 45 patients in each group.Before starting anesthesia,the lidocaine group received intravenous injection of 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine,followed by continuous intravenous injection at a rate of 2 mg/(kg·h)throughout the entire surgical process.The control group received an equal amount of physiological saline.The other anesthesia regimens and drugs for the two groups of patients were consistent,and all anesthesia related drugs were stopped from infusion at the end of the surgery.Compare the intraoperative mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate changes between two groups,evaluate visual analog scale(VAS)scores at different time points,postoperative opioid dosage and recovery level,and incidence of adverse reactions.Results:There was a certain degree of fluctuation in MAP and heart rate in both groups during the operation,with the lidocaine group showing a smaller level of fluctuation.There was no significant difference in MAP and heart rate levels between the two groups at T1 and T6 times(P＞0.05),while the MAP and heart rate levels in the lidocaine group were higher than those in the control group at T2,T3,T4,and T5 times(P＜0.05);Compared with the control group,there was no statistically significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups at T0 time(P＞0.05).The VAS scores of the two groups showed an upward trend at T1,T2,T3,and T4 time,and a downward trend at T5 time.However,the VAS scores of the lidocaine group were lower than those of the control group at T1,T2,T3,T4,and T5 time(P＜0.05);The dose of remifentanil administered via intravenous pump during the lidocaine group,the duration of first postoperative ventilation,and the length of hospital stay were all lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);The incidence of nausea,vomiting,and coughing related adverse reactions in the lidocaine group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Lidocaine assisted intravenous anesthesia can promote stable hemodynamic fluctuations during pituitary adenoma resection surgery,reduce postoperative pain,decrease opioid dosage,shorten hospital stay,and reduce adverse reactions such as coughing,nausea,and vomiting.

Aim To explore the role and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 in chronic neuropathic pain.Methods The differentially expressed genes in the prefrontal cor-tex of chronic neuropathic pain were screened and ana-lyzed.The mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group,model group and drug administration group.Neuropathic pain animal model was established by chronic sciatic nerve compression injury model.Ginsenoside Rg3 was injected intraperitoneally.The changes of pain behavior in mice were recorded.HE staining,Nissl staining,Western blot and immunohisto-chemistry were used to detect nerve and mitochondrial damage in PFC brain tissue of each group.Molecular docking was used to explore the target of ginsenoside Rg3.Mito-Tracker was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential,and ATP kit was employed to ana-lyze ATP content.Results Compared with the sham operation group,mice in the model group showed hy-peralgesia and impaired motor ability,and nerve and mitochondrial damage in PFC(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,ginsenoside Rg3 administration could increase the mechanical pain threshold,thermal foot contraction latency and stick rotation residence time of mice.At the same time,the number of inflam-matory cells,Nishi bodies and Dnm1l positive cells in PFC decreased,and the expression levels of c-Fos,IL-1β and Dnm1l protein were down-regulated(P＜0.05).Molecular docking showed that ginsenoside Rg3 could bind Dnm1l.At the cellular level,ginsen-oside Rg3 administration increased mitochondrial mem-brane potential and ATP content(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Ginsenoside Rg3 can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors and mitochondria-related proteins in PFC,improve mitochondrial function,and relieve pain hypersensitivity in CCI mice.

Cervical esophageal cancer(CEC)is a relatively rare pathological subtype of esophageal cancer,accounting for 2%～10%of all esophageal cancer cases,95%of which are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Due to nonspecific clinical symptoms,most CEC patients are diagnosed at advanced or locally advanced stages,resulting in a 5-year overall survival(OS)rate of approximately 30%.Although therapeutic outcomes for CEC patients remain suboptimal,current studies have demonstrated the clinical value of multiple treatment modalities,including endoscopic therapy,photodynamic therapy,selective or salvage surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT),immunotherapy,and targeted therapy.This article systematically reviews recent advances in CEC management,focusing on the aforementioned approaches,and delves into the optimal treatment strategies,aiming to provide a scientific and reliable foundation for clinical practise.

AIM To investigate the differences between boiled powder and decoction of Ermiao Powder.METHODS GC-MS was used to identify volatile constituents,after which the content determination of linalool,4-terpineol,α-terpineol,β-eucalyptol and taxifolin in distillate was performed,evaporation rate curve was drawn.The rat model for collagen-induced arthritis was established,then HE and SO/FG staining were conducted,and body weight,footpad swelling degree,arthritis score,immune organ(spleen,thymus)indices,serum inflammatory factors(IL-10,IL-6),ankle joint structure(foot claw swelling,micro-CT)and locomotor ability were detected.RESULTS Total 43 and 26 volatile constituents were identified in boiled powder and decoction,respectively.With the extension of boiling time,the average evaporation rates of 5 volatile constituents in the boiled powder distillate demonstrated the trends of first increase and then decrease,which reached a maximum at 15-20 min;those in the decoction distillate displayed the trends of decrease,which were not detected after 15 min except for β-eucalyptol.Compared with the decoction,the boiled powder exhibited stronger effects on improving foot swelling and arthritis score,alleviating pathological changes in joint tissues,inhibiting inflammatory factors and restoring motor ability.CONCLUSION More volatile constituents are observable in the boiled powder of Ermiao Powder than those in its decoction,along with stronger anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity.The optimal decocting endpoint is determined to be within 15 min in boiling water.

Heatstroke,especially in high-temperature and high-humidity environments,is a life-threatening acute heat-injury disease that seriously endangers human health.Timely and effective on-site treatment is crucial for patients'survival and prognosis.Early recognition,rapid assessment,and on-site cooling are the core of pre-hospital treatment of heatstroke.Currently,there is a lack of standardized application procedures for pre-hospital emergency care of heatstroke.Therefore,the"Expert Consensus on Pre-hospital Emergency Management of Heatstroke(2024 edition)"was initiated by the Expert Group on Heatstroke Prevention of the People's Liberation Army and developed in collaboration with experts from local pre-hospital emergency care,emergency departments,and intensive care units.This consensus focuses on heatstroke prevention,on-site and ambulance-based treatment,and early emergency room interventions,and puts forward 10 evidence-based recommendations,aiming to provide a reference for scientific and standardized pre-hospital emergency care of heatstroke.

AIM:To investigate the effects of ethylisopropylamiloride(EIPA),an inhibitor of Na+/H+ex-changer 1(NHE1),on the proliferation,migration,invasion,cell cycle and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells,and to explore its mechanisms.METHODS:The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Huh7 was cultured in vitro,and treated with different concentrations of EIPA.The mRNA and protein expression of NHE1 in Huh7 cells was assessed by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The proliferation of Huh7 cells was examined by kFluor488-EdU staining.The migration and invasion of Huh7 cells were assessed by Transwell assays.The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of these cells were detected by flow cytometry.Moreover,the intracellular pH was measured via the PTI high-speed ion imaging system.RE-SULTS:Treatment with EIPA significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of NHE1(P＜0.01).It signifi-cantly inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of Huh7 cells(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),promoted their apoptosis(P＜0.01),and caused significant S-phase arrest(P＜0.01).It also significantly reduced the intracellular pH of Huh7 cells.CONCLUSION:The NHE1 inhibitor EIPA regulates the intracellular pH by inhibiting the expression and function of NHE1,which consequently affects the proliferation,migration,invasion,cell cycle,and apoptosis of Huh7 cells.There-fore,NHE1 may be a potential target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To explore the effects of Rutin on multiple organ damage in septic mice and to investigate its mechanism from the perspective of inflammation.Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the normal control(sham)group,cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)group,low-dose Rutin group(25 mg/kg),medium-dose Rutin group(50 mg/kg),and high-dose Rutin group(100 mg/kg),there are 20 mouse in each group.All mice were given gavage daily for 7 days starting at 8 weeks of age(the Rutin groups were administered the corresponding doses of the drug,while the sham and CLP groups were given the same volume of saline).Subsequently,sepsis was induced in mice by CLP.The survival rate of mice was analyzed;pathological damage of the lungs,liver,and kidneys in mice was assessed by HE staining;the lung coefficient and wet/dry(W/D)ratio of the lungs were measured;the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatinine(CRE),and urea nitrogen(BUN)in mouse serum were detected;the content of urinary protein in mice was measured;the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and IL-6 in mouse tissues were detected by RT-qPCR;and the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot.Results Rutin reduced the mortality rate of septic mice,alleviated liver,lung,and kidney damage,improved liver,lung,and kidney functions,inhibited the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in tissues,and reduced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors.Conclusion Rutin may alleviate inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway,and has a protective effect on liver,lung,and kidney damage in septic mice.

Objective:To analyze the learning curve of TiRobot-assisted lumbar pedicle screw fixation (LPSF) by cumulative sum (CUSUM) test method.Methods:The clinical data of 50 patients who underwent TiRobot-assisted LPSF from January 2020 to December 2022 in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. CUSUM analysis and learning curve fitting were performed with robot usage time as the main indicator with the time for each step refined (robot registration time, path planning time and guide wire placement time), to select the best learning curve fitting model with the R2 value closest to 1. Using the turning point of the learning curve as the boundary, the learning curve was divided into two stages as learning stage and maturity stage, and then the observation indexes were compared between the two stages. Results:All 50 patients successfully completed the surgery without perioperative complications, with a total of 244 pedicle screws implanted. The total robot usage time and robot registration time showed a gradually decreasing trend with the increase of case number, and the learning curves were successfully fitted and reached their peaks at the seventeenth and thirteenth cases respectively. The entire learning process was divided into learning stage (17 cases) and maturity stage (33 cases) based on the turning point of the learning curve of total robot usage time. The path planning time and guide wire placement time did not show significant changes with the increase in the case number. The total robot usage time, robot registration time and the intraoperative blood loss in the learning stage were significantly higher than those in the maturity stage: (35.35 ± 1.58) min vs. (30.61 ± 0.43) min, (20.83 ± 1.56) min vs. (14.94 ± 0.29) min and 400 (150, 500) ml vs. 200 (110, 300) ml, the guide wire placement time of per screw was significantly lower than that in the maturity stage: 2.00 (1.83, 2.34) min/screw vs. 2.33 (2.13, 2.69) min/screw, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05 or <0.01). There were no statistical difference in the path planning time, path planning time of per screw, guide wire placement time and the accuracy of screw placement between two stages ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TiRobot-assisted LPSF is a new technology with safety and effectiveness, and it has a relatively short learning curve. To achieve technological maturity, at least 17 surgeries are required with accumulated experience, and the robot registration is the main step of the learning process. After reaching maturity stage, the robot usage time is significantly shortened and intraoperative trauma is significantly reduced while the relatively high screw placement accuracy is ensured.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)represent the most widely used immunotherapeutic approach for antitumor treatment,yet the understanding of their associated hepatotoxicity remains incomplete.This article delves into and analyzes the similarities and differences among the management guidelines on ICI-related hepatotoxicity issued by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO),the National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN)of the United States,and the American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO),aiming to provide a more comprehensive management strategy for clinical practice.By reviewing and analyzing the latest guidelines,this study compares the differences and similarities in the diagnosis,assessment,grading criteria,and treatment strategies for ICI-related liver toxicity among these guidelines.The definitions and diagnostic criteria for ICI-related liver toxicity are generally consistent across different guidelines,primarily relying on the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),bilirubin,and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)for grading.Notably,the ASCO guidelines place a stronger emphasis on the assessment of symptoms of hepatic dysfunction.In terms of treatment strategies,all guidelines recommend using corticosteroids or immunosuppressants based on the toxicity grade.However,there are discrepancies in management strategies among the guidelines.Clinicians should tailor management strategies by considering the specific conditions of patients and integrating the recommendations from various guidelines.Additionally,given the current inadequate understanding of ICI-induced hepatotoxicity primarily manifested as cirrhosis in the existing guidelines,it is imperative to continuously update and refine these management guidelines as research progresses and clinical experience accumulates.