Objectives: The rapid and widespread development of social networking sites has created a potential venue for an increase in cyberbullying among adolescents. While much research has been done on middle school/high school students, this issue for college/university students has yet to receive much attention. The present study described the prevalence of cyberbullying and associated factors among Hanoi Medical University students. Methods: Data were obtained from an online survey of conveniently selected Hanoi Medical University students. A total of 736 students participated and finished a structured questionnaire based on the Cyberbullying Victimization Scale (CVS). Results: The prevalence of cyberbullying victims among Hanoi Medical University students was 17.4%, and 9.0% of the students had engaged in cyberbullying behaviors. Research also indicated that there is an association between cyberbullying behavior and factors such as internet usage duration and frequency of monitoring violent information. Gender didn't have any relationship with cyberbullying victimization but had a significant association with cyberbullying perpetration (OR = 2.37, 95%CI = 1.42 – 3.96). Conclusion: Cyberbullying has become an important phenomenon related to internet usage duration and violent information among students of Hanoi Medical University. Therefore, it is necessary to build healthy internet habits and manage online information to reduce cyberbullying prevalence and promote student health in the digital age.

Background: s/Aims: Liver transplantation (LT) provides a favorable outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and was launched in Vietnam in 2004. In this study, we evaluated the short-term and long-term outcomes of LT and its risk factors. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed HCC patients who underwent LT at Viet Duc University hospital, Vietnam, from 01/2012–03/2022. The following data were gathered: demographics, virus infection, tumor characteristics, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, Child-Pugh and MELD scores, selection criteria, type of LT, complications, 30-day mortality, and disease-free and overall survival (DFS and OS). Results: Fifty four patients were included, the mean age was 55.39 ± 8.46 years. Nearly 90% had hepatitis B virus-related HCC. The median (interquartile range) AFP level was 16.2 (88.7) ng/mL. The average MELD score was 10.57 ± 5.95; the rate of Child-Pugh A and B were 70.4% and 18.5%, respectively. Nearly 40% of the patients were within Milan criteria, brain-dead donor was 83.3%. Hepatic and portal vein thrombosis occurred in 0% and 1.9%, respectively; hepatic artery thrombosis 1.9%, biliary leakage 5.6%, and postoperative hemorrhage 3.7%. Ninety-day mortality was 5.6%. Five-year DFS and OS were 79.3% and 81.4%, respectively. MELD score and ChildPugh score were predictive factors for DFS and OS (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, Child-Pugh score was the only significant factor (p < 0.05). Conclusions In Vietnam, LT is an effective therapy for HCC with an acceptable complication rate, mortality rate, and good survival outcomes, and should be further encouraged.

Background: Depression and anxiety are common mental health problems in medical students worldwide. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of self-reported depression, and anxiety and to identify associated risk factors among first-year medical students at Hanoi Medical University. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 at Hanoi Medical University using the DASS-21 scale. Results: Among 353 participants, we found that (i) the prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety was 34.8% and 69.7%, respectively; (ii) times of exercise per week, hours of sleep per night, and participation in clubs are some factors associated with self-reported depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety in first-year medical students is notably higher than normal young people in Vietnam. Our study will provide foundations and references for future studies to explore further impacts of the academic environment on first-year medical students.

Objectives: Online misinformation has reached unprecedented levels during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study analyzed the magnitude and sentiment dynamics of misinformation and unverified information about public health interventions during a COVID-19 outbreak in Da Nang, Vietnam, between July and September 2020. Methods: We analyzed user-generated online information about five public health interventions during the Da Nang outbreak. We compared the volume, source, sentiment polarity, and engagements of online posts before, during, and after the outbreak using negative binomial and logistic regression, and assessed the content validity of the 500 most influential posts. Results: Most of the 54,528 online posts included were generated during the outbreak (n = 46,035; 84.42%) and by online newspapers (n = 32,034; 58.75%). Among the 500 most influential posts, 316 (63.20%) contained genuine information, 10 (2.00%) contained misinformation, 152 (30.40%) were non-factual opinions, and 22 (4.40%) contained unverifiable information. All misinformation posts were made during the outbreak, mostly on social media, and were predominantly negative. Higher levels of engagement were observed for information that was unverifiable (incidence relative risk [IRR] = 2.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–0.62), posted during the outbreak (before: IRR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.07–0.35; after: IRR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.34-0.63), and with negative sentiment (IRR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.23–2.75). Negatively toned posts were more likely to be misinformation (odds ratio [OR] = 9.59; 95% CI, 1.20–76.70) or unverified (OR = 5.03; 95% CI, 1.66–15.24). Conclusions Misinformation and unverified information during the outbreak showed clustering, with social media being particularly affected. This indepth assessment demonstrates the value of analyzing online “infodemics” to inform public health responses.

Antibiotic resistance is the most important factor leading to the failure of eradication regimens. This review focuses on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori primary and secondary resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug in Vietnam. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Vietnamese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Vietnamese Biomedical databases from January 2000 to December 2016. The search terms included the following: H. pylori infection, antibiotic (including clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug) resistance in Vietnam. The data were summarized in an extraction table and analyzed manually. Finally, Excel 2007 software was used to create charts. Ten studies (three studies in English and seven in Vietnamese) were included in this review. A total of 308, 412, 523, 408, 399, and 268 H. pylori strains were included in this review to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori primary resistance to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug resistance, respectively. Overall, the primary resistance rates of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug resistance were 15.0%, 34.1%, 69.4%, 27.9%, 17.9% and 48.8%, respectively. Secondary resistance rates of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and multidrug resistance were 9.5%, 74.9%, 61.5%, 45.7%, 23.5% and 62.3%, respectively. In Vietnam, primary and secondary resistance to H. pylori is increasing over time and affects the effectiveness of H. pylori eradication.
Amoxicillin ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bismuth ; Clarithromycin ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Helicobacter pylori ; Helicobacter ; Humans ; Levofloxacin ; Metronidazole ; Prevalence ; Tetracycline ; Vietnam

Background:Kawasaki is acute fever disease with systematic vein infection which often seen in children under 5 years old. Objectives:Describe the clinical characteristics and laboratory, echocardiography data in children with Kawasaki between early diagnosed group and late one. Subjects and method: A descriptive, prospective study was carried out on 77 Kawasaki disease patients were selected, including 50 patients were diagnosed before day 10 of illness (group 1) and 27 patients were diagnosed on or after day 10 (group 2) in the National Pediatrics hospital from June 2004 to June 2006. Results:The mean was 13.4 months. Age under 12 months was 61 %. Male/female ratio was 1.7: 1. Fever, red lips, red eyes, skin rash, extremities edema and cervical lymphadenopathy occurred in the first week. The inflammatory response was strong (CRP: 83.6 mg/I, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) after an hour: 79.1 mm. WBC: 27800/ mm3). There were no differences between patients in the group 1 and group 2 in age, gender, time to the first medical visit, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, white blood cell count or erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Patients in the group 1 had significantly close clustering of symptoms onset in the first few days of illness, but patients in the group 2 had onset of symptoms scattered over 4 days. A platelet count of over 500.000/mm3 occurred more often in the group 2 (60%) than the group 1 (31.3%). Coronary involvement was observed in 23 patients (29.8%) including 17 patients who had coronary dilation and 6 patients with coronary aneurysm. Conclusion:Coronary artery abnormalities in the group 2 (48.1%) occurred significantly more than the group 1 (20%).
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/ diagnosis ; pathology ; Child

Background: Primary nephrotic syndrome in adult patients is a common sign of patients with primary glomerular disease. Objective: To evaluate the responsiveness of adult patients with primary nephrotic syndrome to corticosteroid alone or in combination with cyclophosphamid and the treatment - related complications. Subjects and method: Based on pathological findings 91 patients with primary nephrotic syndrome divided into 2 groups: group 1 (75 patients) were assigned to receive corticosteroid alone at 1 mg/kg/day, group 2 (16 patients) were assigned to receive the corticosteroid at 0.5 mg/kg/day and cyclophosphamid at 2 mg/kg/day. 11 non - responders from group 1 were switched to group 2 after 6 months of treatment by \r\n', u'corticosteroid alone. The response to therapy was assessed after 3 months and 6 months of treatment. Results:In group 1 the number of patients responding to corticosteroid alone was increasing from 38 after 3 months to 50 after 6 months. In group 2 the number of patients responding to combined protocol was increasing from 4 (14.8%) to 12 (44.4%). The most frequently seen corticosteroid - related complication was cushingoid which is reversible after reducing dose or stop treatment. Severe complications were not common. For the whole group taking cyclophosphamid leucocytopenia, was seen in 4/27 (14.8%) patients, in subgroup of women hypo - amenorrhea was observed in 3/15 (20%) of cases. Conclusions: Results of study encourage the prolongation of treatment. Sterility and if possible preventive measures should be taken into consideration when cyclophosphamid is selected for young patients in reproductive age.\r\n', u'
Nephrotic Syndrome/ therapy

Background: Kawasaki is an acute fever disease with systematic vein infection and often seen in children.Objectives:This study aims to determine features and risk factors of coronary artery lesion (CAL) in Kawasaki disease in children. Subjects and method:A descriptive, prospective study was conducted on 83 patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease whom treated at National Hospital for Pediatric from January 2005 to March 2007. They were divided into 2 groups: with and without CAL. All data from clinical characteristics, laboratory and echocardiography were analyzed to evaluate the differences between 2 groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used. Results: Among 83 patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease, 27 patients (32.5%) was found with CAL. 24 patients (88.9%) had both right and left coronary artery abnormalities. The CAL in left anterior descending (LAD) and in left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) was 55.6% and 25.9% respectively. Risk level II: 7 patients (25.9%). Risk level III: 14 patients (51.9%) and risk level IV: 6 patients (22.2%). 14 patients (51.9%) with CAL were resolved at 6th month of the illness. Independent risk factors of CAL in acute stage included age under 12 months (OR = 3.97, p<0.05). IVIG treatment was within the first 10 day of the illness (OR=0.25, p<0.05). Non - responsiveness to \u03b3globulin therapy (OR=7.69, p<0.01). CRP before starting initial treatment above 90mg/1 (OR = 12.81, p<0.05). Platelets before starting \u03b3 globulin therapy ~ 557 000/ mm3 with OR=4.73 and p<0.05. Conclusion:Early detection and treatment were necessary in order to decrease CAL in patients with Kawasaki disease.
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome/ diagnosis ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels/ pathology ; Child