Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is a crucial technique currently used to improve embryo implantation rate, reduce miscarriage rate, and shorten the time to pregnancy for patients who are of advanced maternal age (≥35 years), have experienced repeated implantation failures, or have a history of recurrent miscarriages. Conventional PGT-A necessitates an invasive embryo biopsy, which may pose potential risks to subsequent embryo development and long-term health outcomes. Consequently, there is a growing interest among reproductive medicine professionals in developing non-invasive, safe, accurate, and effective methods for assessing embryo chromosomal status and quality. This paper provides an overview of recent advancements in the use of next-generation sequencing for detecting cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (niPGT-A). The review highlights both the potential of this approach and its existing limitations. Additionally, the paper proposes a novel hypothesis regarding the application of single-molecule nanopore technology for cfDNA detection in niPGT-A, offering new insights and serving as a reference for future research in this field.

Objective:To determine the optimal threshold for trigger-day progesterone levels in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocols.Methods:A cohort study was performed. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) for assisted reproduction at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between January 2014 and May 2023. The study included 5 760 fresh transfer cycles where the female partner had undergone ovarian stimulation using a GnRH antagonist protocol. This was a single-arm study. The primary outcome measures were clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. The association between progesterone level on the trigger day and clinical pregnancy outcome and the dose-response relationship were analyzed by restricted cubic spline. Results:The progesterone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin trigger was (1.33±0.38) μg/L. Among the included cycles, 2 900 cycles underwent conventional IVF fertilization, while 2 860 cycles underwent ICSI. The biochemical pregnancy rate was 44.79% (2 580/5 760), the clinical pregnancy rate was 40.35% (2 324/5 760), and the live birth rate was 31.46% (1 812/5 760). Progesterone levels on the trigger day in GnRH antagonist protocols showed a nonlinear association with both clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate (both P<0.001). When progesterone levels were below 0.61 μg/L, the clinical pregnancy rate increased with rising progesterone levels, but decreased significantly once this threshold was exceeded. Similarly, the live birth rate increased with progesterone levels below 0.63 μg/L and declined beyond that point. Conclusion:Progesterone levels on the optimal trigger day for achieving the highest clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in GnRH antagonist protocols are peak values of 0.61 μg/L and 0.63 μg/L, respectively. Using these thresholds, the impact of progesterone levels on the trigger day shows a positive effect on both clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate up to these points, after which the effects become negative.

Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) is a crucial technique currently used to improve embryo implantation rate, reduce miscarriage rate, and shorten the time to pregnancy for patients who are of advanced maternal age (≥35 years), have experienced repeated implantation failures, or have a history of recurrent miscarriages. Conventional PGT-A necessitates an invasive embryo biopsy, which may pose potential risks to subsequent embryo development and long-term health outcomes. Consequently, there is a growing interest among reproductive medicine professionals in developing non-invasive, safe, accurate, and effective methods for assessing embryo chromosomal status and quality. This paper provides an overview of recent advancements in the use of next-generation sequencing for detecting cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (niPGT-A). The review highlights both the potential of this approach and its existing limitations. Additionally, the paper proposes a novel hypothesis regarding the application of single-molecule nanopore technology for cfDNA detection in niPGT-A, offering new insights and serving as a reference for future research in this field.

Objective:To determine the optimal threshold for trigger-day progesterone levels in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocols.Methods:A cohort study was performed. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) for assisted reproduction at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between January 2014 and May 2023. The study included 5 760 fresh transfer cycles where the female partner had undergone ovarian stimulation using a GnRH antagonist protocol. This was a single-arm study. The primary outcome measures were clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate. The association between progesterone level on the trigger day and clinical pregnancy outcome and the dose-response relationship were analyzed by restricted cubic spline. Results:The progesterone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin trigger was (1.33±0.38) μg/L. Among the included cycles, 2 900 cycles underwent conventional IVF fertilization, while 2 860 cycles underwent ICSI. The biochemical pregnancy rate was 44.79% (2 580/5 760), the clinical pregnancy rate was 40.35% (2 324/5 760), and the live birth rate was 31.46% (1 812/5 760). Progesterone levels on the trigger day in GnRH antagonist protocols showed a nonlinear association with both clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate (both P<0.001). When progesterone levels were below 0.61 μg/L, the clinical pregnancy rate increased with rising progesterone levels, but decreased significantly once this threshold was exceeded. Similarly, the live birth rate increased with progesterone levels below 0.63 μg/L and declined beyond that point. Conclusion:Progesterone levels on the optimal trigger day for achieving the highest clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate in GnRH antagonist protocols are peak values of 0.61 μg/L and 0.63 μg/L, respectively. Using these thresholds, the impact of progesterone levels on the trigger day shows a positive effect on both clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate up to these points, after which the effects become negative.

Objective: To investigate the potential of bortezomib in inhibiting the malignant biological behaviors and liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods : KPC and Panc02 cell lines were used as a couple of working cells in this study. The CCK-8 assay was used to assess the effect of bortezomib on cell viability in murine pancreatic cancer cells, and the half inhibitory concentration(IC50) values were calculated. The EdU assay was performed to evaluate the impact of bortezomib on the proliferation of these two cell lines. Apoptosis assays were conducted to investigate the pro-apoptotic effects of bortezomib on pancreatic cancer cells. Colony formation, scratch wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to examine the effects of bortezomib on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. QRT-PCR and Western blot were employed to assess the impact of bortezomib on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) related markers, includingCdh1,Cdh2,VimandSnailgene and E-cadherin protein, N-cadherin protein, Vimentin protein and Snail protein. Anin vivospleen-to-liver metastasis model was established to evaluate the therapeutic value of bortezomib in inhibiting pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. Results : The CCK-8 assay showed that bortezomib significantly reduced the viability of KPC and Panc02 cells(P<0.000 1), with IC50values of approximately 118.70 nmol/L and 34.16 nmol/L, respectively. The EdU assay showed that bortezomib markedly inhibited the proliferative capacity of pancreatic cancer cells(P<0.01). Apoptosis assays showed that bortezomib promoted both early and late apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells(P<0.05). Colony formation, scratch wound healing, and Transwell assays showed that bortezomib effectively suppressed colony formation, migration, and invasion(P<0.01) of pancreatic cancer cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that bortezomib altered the expression of EMT-related markers at both the mRNA(the expression level ofCdh1gene increased, while the expression levels ofCdh2,VimandSnailgenes decreased)(P<0.000 1) and protein(the expression level of E-cadherin protein increased, while the expression levels of N-cadherin protein, Vimentin protein and Snail protein decreased) levels in pancreatic cancer cells. Thein vivospleen-to-liver metastasis model demonstrated that bortezomib significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer liver metastasis(P<0.01). Conclusion Bortezomib can inhibit the malignant biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting it might be a potential anti-cancer drug in pancreatic cancer.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of chemerin levels in the serum and intestinal mucosal with in- testinal mucosal inflammation in IBS-D mice . Methods: A total of 128 female C57BL/6J mice were randomly di- vided into IBS-D group and control group , with 64 mice in each group . Wire Restraint Stress method (WRS) was used to construct an animal model of IBS-D . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum and co- lonic mucosal chemerin levels in mice . Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe colonic mucosal in- flammation . Geboes value was used to evaluate the severity of colonic mucosal inflammation . Results: In the IBS- D group , the concentration of serum chemerin increased and reached the peak in the first week of the experiment ( t = 6. 538 , P < 0. 001) , and the concentration of colonic mucosa chemerin increased and reached the peak in the fourth week of the experiment ( t = 8 . 104 , P < 0. 001) ; in the first week of experiment , the colonic mucosa of IBS- D mice showed inflammatory reaction , which was the most significant in the fifth week (P < 0. 05) . Geboes score was ( 1 . 75 ±0. 50) vs (0. 55 ±0. 52) . Conclusion There is a temporal sequence between the elevation of serum and intestinal mucosal chemerin levels and the severity of intestinal mucosal inflammation , and it is hypothesized that the elevated serum and intestinal mucosal chemerin levels correlate with the onset and progression of intestinal mucosal inflammation .

Yes-associated protein (YAP), the key transcriptional co-factor and downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, has emerged as one of the primary regulators of neural as well as glial cells. It has been detected in various glial cell types, including Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells in the peripheral nervous system, as well as radial glial cells, ependymal cells, Bergmann glia, retinal Müller cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in the central nervous system. With the development of neuroscience, understanding the functions of YAP in the physiological or pathological processes of glia is advancing. In this review, we aim to summarize the roles and underlying mechanisms of YAP in glia and glia-related neurological diseases in an integrated perspective.
Humans ; Animals ; Neuroglia/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; YAP-Signaling Proteins ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology* ; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism* ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism*

Mastoparans (MP), a class of α-helix cationic insect-derived antimicrobial peptides, have a broad spectrum of biological activities including inhibiting bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Amino acid substitution, peptide modification, peptide chain cyclization, and dosage form modification can enhance the biological activities and target and reduce the toxicity of mastoparans. In this review, we summarize the structure, biological function and modification methods of mastoparans, and prospect the development of antibacterial drugs based on mastoparans, so as to provide reference for the research of mastoparans as a new antibacterial drug.
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology* ; Peptides/chemistry* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry* ; Wasp Venoms/chemistry* ; Animals

Objective: To investigate of e-cigarette use among middle school students in Hainan Province, so as to provide insights into tobacco control among adolescents. Methods: Students were randomly sampled using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method from three junior high schools, two high schools and one vocational high school in Hainan Province from July to October, 2021. Participants' basic features, use of e-cigarettes, e-cigarette advertising exposure were collected using the Questionnaire on Tobacco and Alcohol Prevalence among Chinese Adolescents in 2021 prepared by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Following data weighting, students' use of e-cigarettes and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements were descriptively analyzed, and factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 8 561 questionnaires were allocated, and 8 538 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.73%. The respondents included 4 470 boys (52.35%) and 4 068 girls (47.65%), and there 4 367 junior high school students (51.15%), 3 482 high school students (40.78%), and 689 vocational high school students (8.07%). The rate of e-cigarette use was 25.01% and the rate of current e-cigarette use was 4.68%. There were 2 728 respondents with exposure to e-cigarette advertising during the past 30 days, and the number of weighted individuals were 210 932 (32.60%). The route of e-cigarette advertising exposure mainly included point-of-sale (21.59%), stores (13.61%), and shopping websites (9.01%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified region (OR=0.610, 95%CI: 0.482-0.772), males (OR=1.332, 95%CI: 1.062-1.669), high school students (OR=0.376, 95%CI: 0.259-0.545), companion smoking (OR=6.645, 95%CI: 4.935-8.948) and advertising exposure (OR=3.229, 95%CI: 2.581-4.040) as factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes. Conclusions The use of e-cigarettes among middle school students is higher in Hainan Province than the national level, and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements may facilitate use of e-cigarettes. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of e-cigarettes, strictly restrict e-cigarettes advertisements and promotions.

Objective To investigate the influence of Addie injection combined with R -CHOP chemotherapy on immune function and quality of life in patients with non -Hodgkin's lymphoma.Methods A total of 76 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the People's Hospital of Wenzhou from June 2015 to March 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the study group according to the digital table , with 38 cases in each group.The control group was treated with R -CHOP chemotherapy ,and the study group was treated with R -CHOP chemotherapy combined with Addie injection .After treatment,the clinical efficacy,toxic and side effects,immune function indicators ( CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) and quality of life ( KPS) score of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results The total effective rate of the study group was 86.84％,which was higher than 65.79％ of the control group (χ2 =4.659,P<0.05).The incidence rates of diarrhea (18.42％),vomit and nausea(21.05％),bone marrow inhibition ( 23 .68％) and leukocyte reduction ( 21 .05％) in the study group were lower than those in the control group(42.11％,47.37％,47.37％,42.11％,χ2 =5.050,5.846,4.653,3.897,all P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in CD 3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+before treatment ( all P>0.05).After treatment,the CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the study group were higher than those in the control group,and the CD8+in the study group was lower than that in the control group , the differences were statistically significant(t=5.436,8.857,2.515,5.314,all P<0.05).After treatment,the scores of KPS of the two groups were higher than those before treatment(all P<0.05),and the KPS score of the study group was higher than that of the control group[(78.61 ±4.24)points vs.(70.04 ±4.10)points,t=8.957,P<0.05].Conclusion Addie injection combined with R-CHOP chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with non -Hodgkin's lymphoma can effectively improve the immune function of the patients ,reduce the incidence of side effects ,and improve the effect of treatment and the quality of life .