Yes-associated protein (YAP), the key transcriptional co-factor and downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, has emerged as one of the primary regulators of neural as well as glial cells. It has been detected in various glial cell types, including Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells in the peripheral nervous system, as well as radial glial cells, ependymal cells, Bergmann glia, retinal Müller cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in the central nervous system. With the development of neuroscience, understanding the functions of YAP in the physiological or pathological processes of glia is advancing. In this review, we aim to summarize the roles and underlying mechanisms of YAP in glia and glia-related neurological diseases in an integrated perspective.
Humans ; Animals ; Neuroglia/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; YAP-Signaling Proteins ; Nerve Regeneration/physiology* ; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism* ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism*

Objective: To investigate the potential of bortezomib in inhibiting the malignant biological behaviors and liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods : KPC and Panc02 cell lines were used as a couple of working cells in this study. The CCK-8 assay was used to assess the effect of bortezomib on cell viability in murine pancreatic cancer cells, and the half inhibitory concentration(IC50) values were calculated. The EdU assay was performed to evaluate the impact of bortezomib on the proliferation of these two cell lines. Apoptosis assays were conducted to investigate the pro-apoptotic effects of bortezomib on pancreatic cancer cells. Colony formation, scratch wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to examine the effects of bortezomib on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. QRT-PCR and Western blot were employed to assess the impact of bortezomib on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) related markers, includingCdh1,Cdh2,VimandSnailgene and E-cadherin protein, N-cadherin protein, Vimentin protein and Snail protein. Anin vivospleen-to-liver metastasis model was established to evaluate the therapeutic value of bortezomib in inhibiting pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. Results : The CCK-8 assay showed that bortezomib significantly reduced the viability of KPC and Panc02 cells(P<0.000 1), with IC50values of approximately 118.70 nmol/L and 34.16 nmol/L, respectively. The EdU assay showed that bortezomib markedly inhibited the proliferative capacity of pancreatic cancer cells(P<0.01). Apoptosis assays showed that bortezomib promoted both early and late apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells(P<0.05). Colony formation, scratch wound healing, and Transwell assays showed that bortezomib effectively suppressed colony formation, migration, and invasion(P<0.01) of pancreatic cancer cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that bortezomib altered the expression of EMT-related markers at both the mRNA(the expression level ofCdh1gene increased, while the expression levels ofCdh2,VimandSnailgenes decreased)(P<0.000 1) and protein(the expression level of E-cadherin protein increased, while the expression levels of N-cadherin protein, Vimentin protein and Snail protein decreased) levels in pancreatic cancer cells. Thein vivospleen-to-liver metastasis model demonstrated that bortezomib significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer liver metastasis(P<0.01). Conclusion Bortezomib can inhibit the malignant biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting it might be a potential anti-cancer drug in pancreatic cancer.

Mastoparans (MP), a class of α-helix cationic insect-derived antimicrobial peptides, have a broad spectrum of biological activities including inhibiting bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Amino acid substitution, peptide modification, peptide chain cyclization, and dosage form modification can enhance the biological activities and target and reduce the toxicity of mastoparans. In this review, we summarize the structure, biological function and modification methods of mastoparans, and prospect the development of antibacterial drugs based on mastoparans, so as to provide reference for the research of mastoparans as a new antibacterial drug.
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology* ; Peptides/chemistry* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry* ; Wasp Venoms/chemistry* ; Animals

Objective: To investigate of e-cigarette use among middle school students in Hainan Province, so as to provide insights into tobacco control among adolescents. Methods: Students were randomly sampled using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling method from three junior high schools, two high schools and one vocational high school in Hainan Province from July to October, 2021. Participants' basic features, use of e-cigarettes, e-cigarette advertising exposure were collected using the Questionnaire on Tobacco and Alcohol Prevalence among Chinese Adolescents in 2021 prepared by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Following data weighting, students' use of e-cigarettes and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements were descriptively analyzed, and factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 8 561 questionnaires were allocated, and 8 538 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.73%. The respondents included 4 470 boys (52.35%) and 4 068 girls (47.65%), and there 4 367 junior high school students (51.15%), 3 482 high school students (40.78%), and 689 vocational high school students (8.07%). The rate of e-cigarette use was 25.01% and the rate of current e-cigarette use was 4.68%. There were 2 728 respondents with exposure to e-cigarette advertising during the past 30 days, and the number of weighted individuals were 210 932 (32.60%). The route of e-cigarette advertising exposure mainly included point-of-sale (21.59%), stores (13.61%), and shopping websites (9.01%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified region (OR=0.610, 95%CI: 0.482-0.772), males (OR=1.332, 95%CI: 1.062-1.669), high school students (OR=0.376, 95%CI: 0.259-0.545), companion smoking (OR=6.645, 95%CI: 4.935-8.948) and advertising exposure (OR=3.229, 95%CI: 2.581-4.040) as factors affecting current use of e-cigarettes. Conclusions The use of e-cigarettes among middle school students is higher in Hainan Province than the national level, and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements may facilitate use of e-cigarettes. It is necessary to strengthen the supervision of e-cigarettes, strictly restrict e-cigarettes advertisements and promotions.

Objective To investigate the influence of Addie injection combined with R -CHOP chemotherapy on immune function and quality of life in patients with non -Hodgkin's lymphoma.Methods A total of 76 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the People's Hospital of Wenzhou from June 2015 to March 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the study group according to the digital table , with 38 cases in each group.The control group was treated with R -CHOP chemotherapy ,and the study group was treated with R -CHOP chemotherapy combined with Addie injection .After treatment,the clinical efficacy,toxic and side effects,immune function indicators ( CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+) and quality of life ( KPS) score of the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results The total effective rate of the study group was 86.84％,which was higher than 65.79％ of the control group (χ2 =4.659,P<0.05).The incidence rates of diarrhea (18.42％),vomit and nausea(21.05％),bone marrow inhibition ( 23 .68％) and leukocyte reduction ( 21 .05％) in the study group were lower than those in the control group(42.11％,47.37％,47.37％,42.11％,χ2 =5.050,5.846,4.653,3.897,all P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in CD 3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+before treatment ( all P>0.05).After treatment,the CD3+,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the study group were higher than those in the control group,and the CD8+in the study group was lower than that in the control group , the differences were statistically significant(t=5.436,8.857,2.515,5.314,all P<0.05).After treatment,the scores of KPS of the two groups were higher than those before treatment(all P<0.05),and the KPS score of the study group was higher than that of the control group[(78.61 ±4.24)points vs.(70.04 ±4.10)points,t=8.957,P<0.05].Conclusion Addie injection combined with R-CHOP chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with non -Hodgkin's lymphoma can effectively improve the immune function of the patients ,reduce the incidence of side effects ,and improve the effect of treatment and the quality of life .

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of total mesoesophageal excision and sanye lymph node dissection in the radical resection of esophageal carcinoma under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy,and to investigate its safety and feasibility, and to find a more reasonable and effective surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Methods One hundred and twenty-six cases of esophageal cancer who underwent the minimally invasive surgery under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy for esophageal cancer in Central Hospital of Hengyang from October 2015 to September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them,Sixty-four patients accepted total mesoesophageal excision and sanye lymph node dissection under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy (observation group ), Sixty-two cases accepted with conventional esophagectomy under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy ( control group) . The operation time, blood loss, indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube, postoperative drainage volume,postoperative hospitalization time,number of lymph node dissection,lymph node metastasis degree,perioperative complications of the two groups were analyzed and compared. The number of lymph node dissection and lymph node metastasis degree in different regions were compared between the two groups. The number of recurrence and death were recorded in the two groups. Results Compared with the control group,the operation time was longer in the observation group((264. 9±32. 9) min vs. (233. 5±30. 4) min,t= -5. 56,P<0. 001),but blood loss was less((152. 7±26. 4) ml vs. (235. 5± 30. 6) ml,t = 16. 27,P<0. 001). There was no significant difference in the indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube, postoperative drainage volume or postoperative hospitalization time between the two groups (P>0. 05). The number of lymph nodes in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ((32. 7±15. 5) pieces vs. (20. 9±11. 2) pieces,t = - 4. 93,P< 0. 001),and lymph node metastasis degree in the observation group was smaller than that of the control group ( 6. 7% vs. 9. 3%, χ2 = 7. 22, P < 0. 01) . There were no significant differences in perioperative complications such as pulmonary complications, arrhythmia, anastomotic fistula, chylothorax,hemorrhage,recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,tracheal injury and perioperative death (P>0. 05). Left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve,thoracic esophagus,celiac artery lymph node dissection of the number of observation group was higher than that of the control group ((4. 7 ± 3. 2) pieces vs. (1. 5 ± 1. 4) pieces, t= -7. 25;(6. 0±2. 7) pieces vs. (3. 1±1. 7) pieces,t = -7. 12;(5. 7± 2. 4) pieces vs. (3. 2± 1. 9) pieces,t= -6. 48;P<0. 001). Left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve,thoracic esophagus lymph node metastasis degree in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group (8. 7%(26/ 300) vs. 18. 1%(17/ 94),χ2= 6. 53;8. 9%(34/ 382) vs. 17. 9%(35/ 195),χ2 = 10. 04;P<0. 05) . There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate of tumor recurrence at 1 and 24 months after operation in the observation group and the control group(3 cases(4. 7%) vs. 4 cases(6. 5%),χ2 = 0. 92,P > 0. 05) . There were no deaths in the two groups. Conclusion Total mesoesophageal excision and three-field lymph node dissection in radical resection of esophageal carcinoma under thoracoscopy and laparoscopy is safe and feasible,the recent effect does not increase the surgical complications, but its long-term effect need a lot of long-term follow-up. A relatively thorough cleaning of the esophageal mesentery and its lymph nodes can minimize the tumor in the subendothelial micrometastasis,and is beneficial for the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer.

Objective To develop a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ( RP￣HPLC) method determining the related substances and levidipine. Methods The Welchrom C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used with Octadecylsilane bonded silica as a filler.The mobile phase consisted of methanol￣ethanol￣water (40:20:40),at the flow rate of 1 mL.min-1 in an isocratic elution,the temperature was at 45 ℃ , and the detective wavelength was 240 nm. Results Levidipine could be separated from all impurities and intermediates within the concentration range from151 to 604 ng.mL-1 , which had a satisfied linear relationship (r= 0.999 9) with a regression equation of Y= 0.049 9X+0.597 9.The LOQ of detection was 31.9 ng.mL-1 . Conclusion The developed method is specific,sensitive,easy and fast to operate,which is suitable for detecting levidipine and its related impurities.

In order to investigate the effects of vector-based hairpin small interference RNA (shRNA) on the reversal of multi-drug resistance (mdr) of A2780/Taxol cells, a novel vector pEGFP-H1/mdr1 containing mdr1-shRNA targeting at position 2943-2963 of mdr1 was designed and synthesized. Subsequently, A2780/Taxol cells were transfected with pEGFP-H1/mdr1, and the expression of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp was detected by using RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. MTT was used to measure the 50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)) of Taxol to A2780/Taxol cells. The results showed that at the 24th and 48th h after transfection, the expression of mdr1 mRNA was decreased to (52.1+/-1.0)% and (0.01+/-1.7)%, and that of P-gp decreased to (88.3+/-2.1)% and 0%, respectively. At the 48th h after transfection, the relative reversal rate of A2780/Taxol cells to Taxol was 69.54%. In vivo, the nude mice xenografts were injected with pEGFP-H1/mdr1, and then administrated Taxol. The tumor volume in pEGFP-H1/mdr1-transfected group was significantly reduced as compared with that in blank control group or pEGFP-H1-transfected group (807.20+/-103.16 vs 1563.78+/-210.54 or 1480.78+/-241.24 mm(3), both P<0.01). These results suggested that transfection of pEGFP-H1/mdr1 could efficiently down-regulate the expression of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp in A2780/Taxol cells, and effectively restore the sensitivity of A2780/Taxol cells to Taxol both in vitro and in vivo.

In order to investigate the effects of vector-based hairpin small interference RNA (shRNA) on the reversal of multi-drug resistance (mdr) of A2780/Taxol cells, a novel vector pEGFP-H1/mdr1 containing mdr1-shRNA targeting at position 2943-2963 of mdr1 was designed and synthesized.Subsequently, A2780/Taxol cells were transfected with pEGFP-H1/mdrl, and the expression of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp was detected by using RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. MTT was used to measure the 50% inhibition concentration (1C50) of Taxol to A2780/Taxol cells. The results showed that at the 24th and 48th h after transfection, the expression of mdr1 mRNA was decreased to (52.1±1.0)% and (0.01+1.7)%, and that of P-gp decreased to (88.3±2.1)% and 0%, respectively. At the 48th h after transfection, the relative reversal rate of A2780/Taxol cells to Taxol was 69.54%. In vivo, the nude mice xenografts were injected with pEGFP-H1/mdrl, and then administrated Taxol.The tumor volume in pEGFP-H1/mdr1-transfected group was significantly reduced as compared with that in blank control group or pEGFP-H1-transfected group (807.20±103.16 vs 1563.78±210.54 or 1480.78±241.24 mm3, both P<0.01). These results suggested that transfection of pEGFP-H1/mdr1 could efficiently down-regulate the expression of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp in A2780/Taxol cells, and effectively restore the sensitivity of A2780/Taxol cells to Taxol both in vitro and in vivo.

Objective To explore the expression of HIF-2? and VEGF in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their correlation with angiogenesis and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. Methods Expression of HIF-2? and VEGF were assessed by immunohistochemical straining in 48 cases of renal cell carcinomas. Results In 48 cases of renal cell carcinomas, positive rate of HIF-2? was 70.8%. Strong expression of HIF-2? was observed in 12 cases, moderate in 10 cases, weak in 12 cases and no expression in 14cases.There was a significant difference in HIF-2? expression between carcinoma tissues and control tissues (P