Objective To develop a novel type of transparent simulation manikin as a surgical training model to meet the surgical treatment demand on the medical train.Methods A transparent manikin was developed with the steps of basic data collection,motherboard design and manufacture and module production and assembly.Firstly,basic data collection was carried out with reference to standardized human anatomy and parameters.Secondly,some software such as UG NX7.5 was used to construct the motherboard of the manikin.Finally,module production and assembly were performed with the materials of acrylic,transparent rubber,silicone and hydrogel and the technology of silicone infusion.Results The transparent manikin developed had its anatomy structure close to that of the real body and high visuality for its internal and external components,which simulated a variety of war wounds and thus could be integrated with the surgical training scenarios on the medical train effectively.Conclusion The transparent manikin developed is characterized by high visuality,modularity and blood flow,and meets the demands for surgical training on the medical train.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):111-115]

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Mailuoning compound solution in the treatment of hip joint pain via nerve blocks around the hip joint. MethodsFrom March 2015 to March 2019，a total of 136 patients with hip joint pain who met the inclusion criteria were admitted and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method. Among them，six cases fell off due to failure to complete five treatments，and finally， 130 patients entered clinical observation，with 65 cases in each group. The observation group used Mailuoning compound solution for nerve blocks around the hip joint（including obturator nerve，femoral nerve branch，superior gluteal nerve， and hip fascia）. The control used Mailuoning compound solution for a simple obturator nerve block. The differences in the visual analogue scale （VAS） and Harris score of hip joint of the two groups before and after treatment were observed. Any adverse drug reactions and adverse events during the treatment of the patients were recorded. ResultsThe VAS score of the two groups was significantly decreased after treatment （P<0.01）. The observation group had a more significant decrease compared to the control group（P<0.01）. The total Harris score of hip joint， pain degree，function score， and motion of joint of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group，the improvement in the total Harris score of hip joint， pain degree，and function score was more significant in the observation group （P<0.01）. The clinical efficacy based on the Harris score of hip joint of the two groups was compared. The excellent and good rate of the observation group was 84.62% （55/65）， which was significantly better than that of the control group ［56.92% （37/65）］ （χ²=12.05，P<0.01）. The follow-up results showed that the patients who achieved excellent and good results had stable curative effects and low recurrence rates，and there was no significant difference in recurrence rate between the two groups. Case analysis showed that after treatment of femoral head necrosis，the saccular transparent shadow of the femoral head was significantly reduced，and the number of bone trabeculae increased. The low-density shadow decreased as can be seen on hip X-rays. In patients with hip osteoporosis after treatment，the number of bone trabeculae increased， and the low density shadow reduced. ConclusionThe use of Mailuoning compound solution for nerve blocks around the hip joint gives full play to the synergistic effect of Mailuoning compound solution and nerve block. It can effectively relieve hip joint pain，promote the recovery of hip joint function，reduce the disability rate，and improve the quality of life of patients. Early intervention is an important link in the treatment of hip joint pain diseases，which can effectively control the development of the patient's disease. Mailuoning compound solution is a new idea and method to treat hip joint pain through neuroregulation，which is easy to operate，with high safety and good therapeutic effect. In future studies，a larger sample size is needed，and more in-depth research should be conducted on the imaging changes and mechanisms of action for various hip joint pain diseases.

Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

To explore the variation laws of volatile oil during the extraction process of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and its impact on the quality of the medicinal solution, as well as to achieve precise control of the extraction process, this study employed headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS) in combination with multiple light scattering techniques to conduct a comprehensive analysis, identification, and characterization of the changes in volatile components and the physical properties of the medicinal solution during the extraction process. A total of 82 volatile compounds were identified using the HS-SPME-GC-MS technique, including 21 alcohols, 15 alkenes, 14 ketones, 9 acids, 6 aldehydes, 5 phenols, 3 esters, and 9 other types of compounds. At different extraction time points(15, 30, 45, and 60 min), 71, 72, 64, and 44 compounds were identified in the medicinal solution, respectively. It was observed that the content of volatile components gradually decreased with the extension of extraction time. Through multivariate statistical analysis, four compounds with significant differences during different extraction time intervals were identified, namely 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, 3-octanone, and camphor. RESULTS:: from multiple light scattering techniques indicated that at 15 minutes of extraction, the transmittance of the medicinal solution was the lowest(25%), the particle size was the largest(0.325-0.350 nm), and the stability index(turbiscan stability index, TSI) was the highest(0-2.5). With the extension of extraction time, the light transmittance of the medicinal solution improved, stability was enhanced, and the particle size decreased. These laws of physicochemical property changes provide important basis for the control of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction process. In addition, the changes in the bioactivity of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts during the extraction process were investigated through mouse writhing tests and antimicrobial assays. The results indicated that the analgesic and antimicrobial effects of the medicinal solution were strongest at the 15-minute extracting point. In summary, the findings of this study demonstrate that the content of volatile oil in Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts gradually decreases with the extension of extraction time, and the variation in volatile oil content directly influences the physicochemical properties and pharmacological efficacy of the medicinal solution. This discovery provides important scientific reference for the optimization of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction processes and the development and application of process analytical technologies.
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology* ; Artemisia/chemistry* ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Chlorogenic Acid/pharmacology* ; Solid Phase Microextraction ; Quality Control

Objective To develop a novel type of transparent simulation manikin as a surgical training model to meet the surgical treatment demand on the medical train.Methods A transparent manikin was developed with the steps of basic data collection,motherboard design and manufacture and module production and assembly.Firstly,basic data collection was carried out with reference to standardized human anatomy and parameters.Secondly,some software such as UG NX7.5 was used to construct the motherboard of the manikin.Finally,module production and assembly were performed with the materials of acrylic,transparent rubber,silicone and hydrogel and the technology of silicone infusion.Results The transparent manikin developed had its anatomy structure close to that of the real body and high visuality for its internal and external components,which simulated a variety of war wounds and thus could be integrated with the surgical training scenarios on the medical train effectively.Conclusion The transparent manikin developed is characterized by high visuality,modularity and blood flow,and meets the demands for surgical training on the medical train.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):111-115]

Objective:To construct the inflammation score(IS)and nutrition-immunity score(NIS)for patients with multiple myeloma(MM),and to verify their prognostic stratification effects and significance.Methods:The clinical data of 129 newly diagnosed MM patients admitted to our hospital from August 2011 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of overall survival(OS)were comducted on clinical parameters,including inflammatory indicators such as red blood cell volume distribution width(RDW)and platelet count(PLT),nutritional-immune indicators such as albumin(ALB),absolute lymphocyte count(ALC),and suppressed immunoglobulin count(S-Ig count).To construct IS and NIS for prognosis,X-tile software and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to verify the prognostic stratification role and significance of IS and NIS.The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,C-index curve,calibration curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the discrimination,accuracy,and clinical net benefit of IS and NIS in predicting overall survival(OS),and compared to the international staging system(ISS).Results:IS was constructed based on the scores of RDW and PLT,and NIS was constructed based on the scores of ALB,ALC,and S-Ig count.According to X-tile analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis,IS and NIS can divide the patients into three risk strata respectively:low,medium and high IS and NIS groups.The differences in OS and hazard ratio(HR)between the low,medium,and high strata were statistically significant(P＜0.05).IS and NIS are both independent prognostic predictors for MM.The area under the ROC curve(AUC)and C index of IS and NIS for predicting 1-to 7-year OS were greater than those of ISS,and both were greater than 0.7.The prediction results of IS and NIS for 1-,3-,and 5-year OS rates were well consistent with the actual observed results.The DC A curves of IS and NIS for predicting 1-,3-,and 5-year OS were higher than that of ISS in a wide range of threshold probability intervals.Conclusion:IS and NIS have independent predictive significance for OS in MM patients.Their predictive discrimination,accuracy,and clinical net benefit are higher and better than ISS,and they may have potential application value in MM prognosis.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted healthcare and worsened quality of life (QOL). Advanced esophageal cancer is often accompanied by malnutrition and poor QOL; chemoradiotherapy (CRT) remains the mainstay of treatment.We evaluated nutrition and QOL pre- and post-CRT immediately before and during the pandemic. Methods: Patients with esophageal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant or definitive CRT between April 2019 and December 2020 were enrolled. Disease severity, treatment timing, and outcomes were compared for cohorts treated pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19. Nutritional status was measured with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). QOL was measured with the Mandarin Chinese version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the esophageal site-specific module (QLQ-OES18). In the pandemic cohort, pre-/post-CRT paired analyses were performed. Results: Eighty-four patients were enrolled. The median diagnosis to treatment interval lengthened during COVID-19 (17.8 days vs. 24.2 days, p=0.04). Among the patients treated during the COVID-19 pandemic, nutritional status improved significantly following CRT (p=0.003). In the EORTC QLQ-C30, post-CRT scores for global health status (p<0.01) and emotional functioning (p<0.01) showed significant improvement. Additionally, symptom scores, including fatigue (p=0.02) and nausea and vomiting (p=0.02), decreased. However, financial difficulties worsened after CRT (p=0.02). In the EORTC QLQ-OES18, post-CRT symptom scores for eating (p<0.01), reflux (p=0.03), and pain (p<0.01) showed significant improvement. Conclusion Despite COVID-19-related delays, CRT enhanced nutrition, global health, and symptom control in esophageal cancer, although financial burdens increased. Integrating socioeconomic support with oncologic care is vital during health crises.

AIM: To observe the imaging characteristics of the affected eyes of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC)of different ages and their asymptomatic fellow eyes.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 76 cases(88 eyes)of CSC patients diagnosed in the ophthalmology department of our hospital from April to September, 2023 and 35 cases(35 eyes of asymptomatic fellow eyes of patients with unilateral CSC)were selected for the study. According to age, they were divided into young and middle-aged groups(<40 years old), middle-aged groups(40-50 years old)and middle-aged and elderly groups(>50 years old). The imaging features of the affected eyes of CSC patients of different ages and their asymptomatic fellow eyes were observed.RESULTS: The subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)of CSC eyes in the young and middle-aged patients(487.30±83.33 μm)was significantly greater than that of the middle-aged group(414.17±96.02 μm, P<0.05)and the middle-aged and elderly group(409.4±107.42 μm, P<0.05). The incidence of choroidal neovascularization(CNV)in CSC patients of the middle-aged and elderly group was significantly higher than that in the young and middle-aged group(P<0.0167). The SFCT of the asymptomatic fellow eye of the unilateral CSC patient in the young and middle-aged group(511.29±40.89 μm)was significantly larger than that of the middle-aged and elderly group(364.76±82.26 μm, P<0.05). Among them, the vortex vein anastomosis rate in eyes with CSC is higher than 90%, and vortex vein anastomosis or dilatation is present in all asymptomatic fellow eyes of CSC patients.CONCLUSION: There are differences in the imaging manifestations of CSC-affected eyes and their asymptomatic fellow eyes of different age groups. SFCT is generally thickened and gradually becomes thinner with the growth of age. The incidence of CNV in CSC-affected eyes is the highest in the middle-aged and elderly group. In addition, vortex vein anastomosis and dilatation are common in CSC-affected eyes and asymptomatic fellow eyes.

Eighteen compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the fruits of Litsea cubeba by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, semi-preparative RP-HPLC, chiral HPLC and recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with reported spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties, and the absolute configurations of the enantiomers were established by experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. These compounds were identified as (+)-(R)-4-hydroxypiperitenone (1a), (-)-(S)-4-hydroxypiperitenone (1b), (3S,4S,6R)-3,6-dihydroxy-1-menthene (2), (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-2-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (3), (R)-6-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-methylcyclohex-2-enone (4), (4S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-isopropyl-3-methylcyclohex-2-enone (5), (1R,3S,4R)-3-hydroxy isopulegol (6), subamone (7), (6S)-3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-2(Z)-octen-6-olide (8), (6S)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyloct-2(Z)-enoate (9), holostylactone (10), sesamin (11), dimethylmatairesinol (12), p-hydroxybenzoylcarbinol (13), syringaldehyde (14), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (15), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (16), 5,4ʹ-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (17). Among them, compounds 1a and 1b were a pair of new monoterpenoid enantiomers, 8 and 9 were new natural products, 2-7, 10, 11 and 17 were isolated from Litsea genus for the first time. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1-17 were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the results showed that compound 14 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with NO inhibitory rate of 66.27% at a concentration of 40 μmol·L^-1.

Secondary organic aerosol(SOA)produced by photooxidation of styrene and other aromatic compounds is a major part of fine particles in urban atmosphere.In this study,the measurement of component and content of SOA formed from photooxidation of styrene in smog chamber using synchronous radiation vacuum-ultraviolet photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer(VUV-PIAMS)was conducted.Photoionization mass spectra of styrene SOA was detected by synchrotron radiation photon with 10.5 eV,and the proportion of main components was quantified based on the peak area of each ion peak.The photoionization efficiency curve of ion peak was obtained under synchrotron radiation photons in the range from 7.5 to 11.5 eV,and then the ionization potential was acquired for qualitative analysis of the component structure.The results showed that the photoionization mass spectra of styrene SOA mainly contained ion peaks at m/z 106,108,120 and 122,and the ionization potentials of each peak were(9.41±0.03)eV,(8.93±0.03)eV,(9.24±0.03)eV and(9.25±0.03)eV,respectively.Combined with quantum chemistry calculation and off-line measurement verification of infrared absorption spectra and electrospray ionization mass spectra,it was determined that benzaldehyde,benzyl alcohol,4-vinylphenol and benzoic acid were main components of styrene SOA,accounting for 32.5%,17.5%,25%and 15%of the measured components,respectively,and the generated quantity ratio was 13∶7∶10∶6.VUV-PIAMS could overcome the disadvantages of off-line method,and could on-line detect component and content of SOA,proving a useful tool to measure the chemical components and reveal the formation process of SOA particles.