The brain-gut interaction theory is a multidimensional integrative concept based on the brain-gut axis， involving neural， endocrine， and immune regulatory networks as well as the gut microbiota. Zang-fu organs （脏腑） theory in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） shows a high degree of consistency with the brain-gut interaction theory， and the core functions such as the spleen and stomach governing the ascending of the clear and descending of the turbid， the liver governing the free flow of qi， and the heart governing mental and emotional activities are closely associated with the multi-level regulatory mechanisms of the brain-gut axis. TCM therapy can modulate brain-gut interactions through multiple pathways in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases， including the regulation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion， neurotransmitter levels， the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， immune homeostasis and inflammatory responses， as well as the gut microecology. However， current basic research on the brain-gut interaction theory in TCM for spleen and stomach diseases still faces several challenges， such as difficulties in integrating TCM spleen-stomach theory with modern pathophysiology， lack of innovation in research concepts， and limitations in research methodologies. It is therefore proposed that multidisciplinary collaboration， multi-omics technologies， and targeted research approaches should be adopted to provide more comprehensive methods for basic research on TCM spleen and stomach diseases， thereby promoting the in-depth development of brain-gut interaction theory.

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy and identify differences between haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with mesenchymal stem cells (Haplo-MSC) and umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSC) in mice with bone marrow acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Methods Eight-to ten-week-old CB6F1 mice were exposed to 8 Gy of ⁶⁰Co γ-ray irradiation to establish a bone marrow-type ARS model.The mice were then randomly assigned to three groups: the Haplo-MSC group (haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells combined with MSCs), the UCB-MSC group (umbilical cord blood stem cells combined with MSCs), and a saline control group. The survival rate, peripheral blood cell counts, pathological changes in target organs, colony formation of bone marrow cells, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were observed. Results All mice in the saline control group died within 14 days, with a median survival time of 8.9 days. The 30 day survival rate was 65% in the Haplo-MSC group and 60% in the UCB-MSC group. The Log-rank test showed no significant difference in survival time between the two transplantation groups (P=0.561). At 28 days post-transplantation, no significant differences were observed in WBC, PLT, RBC, or Hb counts between the two groups (P=0.151, 0.733, 0.856, and 0.300, respectively). Pathological changes in bone marrow cells showed that bone marrow failure occurred later in the UCB-MSC group than in the Haplo-MSC group. In contrast, the Haplo-MSC group exhibited faster hematopoietic stem cell engraftment. Furthermore, the numbers of CFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-GEMM differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Both the Haplo-MSC and UCB-MSC regimens promoted hematopoietic engraftment and reconstitution in mice with lethal-dose radiation-induced bone marrow ARS. However, the onset of bone marrow failure was delayed in mice treated with the UCB-MSC regimen. In contrast, mice treated with the Haplo-MSC regimen showed faster engraftment.

In July 2024,the Diagnosis Related Groups(DRG)2.0 is released based on the Notice from the National Healthcare Security Administration on Issuing the DRG 2.0 and Deepening the Relevant Work.Compared with DRG 1.1,version 2.0 was established based on a wider range of suggestions regarding the Adjacent Diagnosis Related Groups(ADRG),Major Comorbidity or Complication(MCC),and Comorbidity or Complication(CC)from various institutions.A list of disease diagnoses and surgical operations that are not used as grouping rules was compiled,and grouping efficacy was further improved by upgrading the algorithms for MCC and CC with the help of AI.Meanwhile,it is necessary to pay more attention to the number of cases of ADRG,the better methods to list the MCC/CC,the suggestions of various doctors and continuously standardize the data and update the grouping scheme of DRG.

Objective:To explore drug detoxification motivation in methamphetamine-dependent female youth and its relationship with time perspective,perceived social support and emotion regulation strategies.Methods:To-tally 200 methamphetamine-dependent female youths under compulsory isolation were assessed with the Drug De-toxification Motivation Scale,Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory-Chinese(ZTPI-C),Emotion Regulation Scale(ERS),and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS).Results:Multiple linear regression analysis showed that drug detoxification motivation scores were positively correlated with the scores of ERS reevaluation and expression inhi-bition,PSSS family support scores and level of education(β=0.24,0.16,0.20,0.16).Conclusion:Time perspec-tive,perceived social support and emotion regulation strategies are closely related to drug detoxification motivation in methamphetamine-dependent female youth.

Objective:To understand the prevalence and related factors of three common chronic diseases, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes in HIV-infected persons.Methods:As of December 2023, HIV-infected persons >15 years old who are receiving antiviral therapy (ART) and follow-up in Henan Province were selected as the study objects. Questionnaires, physical examinations, and blood samples were collected to collect demographic information, ART, body weight, blood lipids, blood pressure, and blood sugar of HIV-infected persons. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes.Results:Among 4 023 HIV-infected patients, the prevalence rates of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes were 64.47% (2 594/4 023), 16.80% (676/4 023), and 10.54% (424/4 023), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that hyperlipidemia was positively associated with ≥40 years of age, overweight and obesity, two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + proteasome inhibitors (PIs) regimen and two NRTIs+ integrase inhibitor regimen, and negatively associated with low body weight. Hypertension was positively correlated with the age group ≥40 years old, family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, overweight and obesity, ART time ≥0.5 years, and negatively correlated with low body weight. Diabetes was positively associated with age group ≥40 years, family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, overweight and obesity, and negatively associated with the use of two NRTIs+PIs treatment regimens.Conclusions:In 2023, the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes among HIV-infected people in Henan Province was relatively high, and the risk of common chronic diseases among those ≥40 years old, overweight and obese, and those with a family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was also relatively high. It is recommended to strengthen the prevention and management of common chronic diseases among HIV-infected people.

Emotional blunting leads to significant declines in cognitive function and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease, thereby impacting their quality of life and increasing the caregiver burden. Emotional blunting is a progressive condition, and early detection and intervention can slow its progression, making it necessary to assess emotional blunting in patients early. Currently, there are various tools for assessing emotional blunting, but there is a lack of evidence to guide tool selection. This review discusses the impact of emotional blunting on patients with Parkinson's disease and reviews existing assessment tools for emotional blunting, including their content, applications, advantages, and limitations. It also summarizes issues in the application of these tools and offers future directions, aiming to provide a basis for the identification and assessment of emotional blunting in Parkinson's disease patients.

Objective:To identify the risk factors for postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) in patients undergoing spine surgery.Methods:In this case-control study, patients who underwent spine surgery from December 2023 to June 2024 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, were selected as the subjects of the study. The quality of postoperative sleep was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). The baseline characteristics and various perioperative indicators of the patients were collected. The patients were divided into PSD group and non-PSD group according to whether they had PSD. The variables with statistically significant differences from the univariate analysis were included in a multivariate logistic regression to identify the risk factors for PSD.Results:The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative sleep disturbance (odds ratio [ OR]=2.23, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.06-4.72, P=0.036), course of disease > 12 months ( OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.14-4.24, P=0.019) and AIS score > 2 on the night before surgery ( OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.02-4.16, P=0.045) were the independent risk factors for PSD in patients undergoing spine surgery. Conclusions:Preoperative sleep disturbance, course of disease > 12 months and AIS score > 2 on the night before surgery are independent risk factors for PSD in patients undergoing spine surgery.

Radiotherapy is one of the primary treatment modalities for tumors. In recent years, advancements in radiotherapy technology have enabled radiation to reach target areas with greater precision. However, radiation damage to normal tissue remains unavoidable. Traditional normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models are widely used to predict such injuries, but they often fail to account for individual and tissue heterogeneity. As an emerging technology, radiomics can provide more comprehensive biological information and shows promise in predicting radiation-induced damage. This article reviews the application value of radiomics in predicting damage to organs at risk in the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with high-myopia macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD) combined with choroidal detachment and to preliminarily analyze factors associated with postoperative hole closure.Methods:A retrospective clinical case series study. A total of 68 patients with high myopia (68 eyes) with MHRD diagnosed by Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2019 to April 2024 were included in this study. Among them, there were 14 males (14 eyes) and 54 females (54 eyes). The mean age was (61.10±9.66) years. All eyes were treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with silicone oil or gas filling. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, and B-mode ultrasonography were performed. The BCVA test was performed using the Snellen visual acuity chart, which was statistically converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity. The range of choroidal detachment was defined according to the number of involved quadrants observed in B-mode ultrasound or surgery, which was divided into 1 to 4 quadrants. Axial length (AL) was measured under retinal reattachment. In 68 eyes, there were 17 eyes with choroidal detachment and 51 eyes without choroidal detachment, respectively. There were 17 eyes with choroidal detachment, and the detachment range involved 1, 2, 2 and 12 eyes in 1, 2, 3 and 4 quadrants, respectively. During operation, 13% C 3F 8 was filled in 2 eyes, all of which were not complicated with choroidal detachment. 66 eyes were filled with silicone oil. According to whether the patients were complicated with choroidal detachment, the patients were divided into the group without choroidal detachment and the group with choroidal detachment. Independent sample t test, Welch two-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison between groups. Generalized linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between the aperture size of postoperative unclosed holes and the closed hole after surgery and clinical factors. Results:At 3 months after surgery, the logMAR BCVA of the affected eye was 1.29±0.43, with a preoperative to postoperative difference ranging from -1.60 to 0.70 (-0.51±0.51) logMAR units. The AL ranged from 26.6 to 34.3 (29.60±2.12) mm. Among 68 eyes, macular hole of 37 (54.4%, 37/68) eyes were open and 31 (45.6%, 31/68) eyes were closed, respectively. The hole diameter of the open eye was (753±424) μm. There was no significant difference in age, course of disease and AL between the two groups ( W=412.0, 477.5, 427.0; P>0.05). Before operation, BCVA in patients with choroidal detachment was worse ( W=257.5) and intraocular pressure was lower ( t=4.051) in patients with choroidal detachment compared with those without choroidal detachment, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). At 3 months after surgery, BCVA in patients with choroidal detachment was significantly worse than that in patients without choroidal detachment, with statistical significance ( W=284.0, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in logMAR BCVA difference ( t=0.616) and macular hole closure rate ( χ 2=0.000) before and after surgery ( P>0.05). The reoperation rate of retinal detachment due to persistent or recurrent retinal detachment was significantly higher in the group with choroid detachment than in the group without choroid detachment, and the difference was statistically significant (odds ratio=6.424, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that young age was significantly correlated with macular hole closure failure after surgery ( β=0.077, P=0.015). There was no correlation between AL, duration of disease, BCVA before surgery, intraocular pressure, wether combined with choroid detachment range and postoperative hole closure ( β=-0.072, 0.000, 0.672, -0.085, -0.391; P>0.05). Conclusions:Concomitant choroidal detachment adversely affected on both pre-operative and post-operative visual acuity in high myopia MHRD. It is closely associated with the risk of recurrent retinal detachment and the needs of multiple operations, but has no significant effect on hole closure rate. Lower age of onset may be a risk factor for macular hole closure.

Objective:To observe and analyze the correlation between ectopic foveal inner layer (EIFL) and the EIFL-based idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) staging system and the anatomic and functional prognosis of ERM eyes post pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).Methods:A retrospective study. From January 1, 2020 to October 30, 2023, 345 eyes of 330 patients diagnosed with idiopathic ERM in Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University People's Hospital and treated with standard transciliary flat three-channel 25G PPV combined with ERM and internal limiting membrane exfoliation were included in the study. Among them, 96 were males (111 eyes) and 234 were females (234 eyes). The mean age was (66.8±7.7) years. All study eyes received standard three-port 25G PPV combined with ERM and internal limiting membrane peeling. All study eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations. BCVA was performed using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity for statistical analysis. EIFL thickness and central foveal thickness (CFT) on OCT were measured. ERM eyes were grouped into stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ according to ERM staging scheme based on EIFL; disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) of study eyes were assessed and grouped into no, mild and severe groups. The correlation between ERM staging as well as EIFL thickness and the anatomical and functional prognosis 6 months post-PPV were analyzed.Results:Among 345 study eyes, 12, 87, 174 and 72 eyes were stage Ⅰ-Ⅳ ERM respectively, 63 with no DRIL, 216 with mild DRIL and 66 with severe DRIL. Among the 153 eyes with macular edema, the edema subsided in 66 eyes (43.1%, 66/153) 6 months after the operation. Eighty-seven eyes (56.9%, 87/153) did not regress. The edema subsided 6 months after the operation was not significantly correlated with the ERM stage before the operation ( χ2=3.331, R=?0.145, P=0.304) or the degree of DRIL ( χ2=0.655, R=?0.108, P=0.445). The results of the correlation analysis showed that logMAR BCVA 6 months after the surgery was positively correlated with the degree of DRIL before the surgery ( Tau-b=0.236), ERM stage ( Tau-b=0.194), CFT ( r=0.383), and EIFL thickness ( r=0.317) ( P<0.05). There was no significant correlation with the thickness of the outer nuclear layer before the operation ( r=0.004, P>0.05). Preoperative ERM stage ( Tau-b=0.303, P<0.001) and DRIL severity ( Tau-b= 0.238, P=0.001) were positively correlated with CFT at 6 months after surgery. Conclusion:The ERM stage and EIFL thickness before the operation are positively correlated with logMAR BCVA and CFT 6 months after the operation.