Based on spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness as the core pathogenesis of obesity， and integrating recent advances in modern medicine regarding the key role of immune inflammation in obesity， this paper proposes a multidimensional pathogenic network of "obesity-spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness-immune imbalance". Various traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） herbs that strengthen the spleen， regulate qi， and resolve phlegm and dampness can treat obesity by improving spleen-stomach transport and transformation， promoting water-damp metabolism， and regulating immune homeostasis. This highlights immune inflammation as an important entry point to elucidate the TCM concepts of "spleen deficiency-phlegm dampness" and the therapeutic principle of "strengthening the spleen and eliminating dampness to treat obesity". By systematically analyzing the intrinsic connection between "spleen deficiency generating dampness， internal accumulation of phlegm dampness" and immune dysregulation in obesity， this paper aims to provide theoretical support for TCM treatment of obesity based on dampness.

With the accelerated global population aging and urbanization, cognitive dysfunction has become a major public health challenge. Epidemiological evidence indicates that long-term exposure to particulate matter and environmental noise are independent risk factors for cognitive decline, and recent studies suggest that their combined exposure may exert a synergistic amplifying effect. This review summarized the progress in epidemiological research on the impacts of particulate matter and noise exposure on cognitive function, specifically focusing on the synergistic effects of their combined exposure. Furthermore, it outlined common biological mechanisms such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular endothelial damage. However, while existing studies have preliminarily revealed the synergistic effects of combined particulate matter and noise exposure on cognitive function, the conclusions remain heterogeneous, and the investigation of underlying mechanisms is still insufficient. Future research should prioritize refined exposure assessment, long-term cohort studies, and specific high-exposure occupational scenarios, and carry out further in-depth investigations, thereby providing a basis for health risk assessment and the development of intervention strategies.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide the evidence for formulating lung cancer prevention and control measures. Methods: Data of lung cancer incidence and mortality among residents in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019 were collected through the Shanghai Cancer Registration and Reporting Management System. The crude incidence and mortality of lung cancer was calculated, and standardized by the data from the Chinese Fifth National Population Census in 2000 (Chinese-standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population in 1960 (world-standardized rate). The trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer among residents by age and gender were evaluated using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 12 965 cases of lung cancer were reported in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019, and the crude incidence rate was 80.66/105, the Chinese-standardized incidence rate was 34.54/105, and the world-standardized incidence rate was 31.30/105, all showing upward trends (APC=4.588%, 2.933% and 3.247%, all P<0.05). A total of 10 102 deaths of lung cancer were reported, and the crude mortality rate was 62.30/105, showing an upward trend (APC=0.959%, P<0.05); the Chinese-standardized mortality was 25.93/105, and the world-standardized mortality was 22.05/105, both showing downward trends (APC=-1.282% and -1.263%, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer in males were higher than those in females (101.39/105 vs. 60.52/105, 85.45/105 vs. 39.87/105, both P<0.05). The crude incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer showed upward trends with age (both P<0.05), reaching their peaks in the age groups of 80-<85 years (341.37/105) and 85 years or above (355.97/105), respectively. Conclusions The incidence of lung cancer showed an upward trend, while the mortality showed a downward trend in Huangpu District from 2002 to 2019. Elderly men were the high-risk group for lung cancer incidence and mortality.

With the advancement of information technology and intelligent systems, smart workplaces have become mainstream, accompanied by a growing workforce engaged in screen-based work. The persistent or prolonged close-up use of computer and visual display terminal (VDT) equipment has significantly increased occupational eye health risks. This paper provides a comprehensive review of common workplace eye disorders (such as visual fatigue and dry eye syndrome) among screen users, analyzes associated risk factors, and proposes management strategies to identify occupational hazards and promote workforce wellness.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of asthenopia and dry eye,and to further explore the potential occupational hazard factors,so as to provide a theoretical basis for their prevention and con-trol.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the selected respondents.For visual display terminal(VDT)workers in employing organizations such as banks,colleges,and government depart-ments,an online questionnaire independently developed by the research group was used for population surveys.Information including general information,work-related situations,work environment,visual health,and ergonomic factors was collected.The respondents were analyzed according to whether they suffered from asthenopia and dry eye.Relevant factors of asthenopia and dry eye were screened through t-test and Chi-square test.Subsequently,binary Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the risk factors of asthenopia and dry eye among the VDT workers.Results:The overall prevalence of as-thenopia was 52.5％(235/448)and dry eye was 36.8％(165/448).There were no significant diffe-rences in the prevalence of asthenopia and dry eye among different genders,age groups,and groups of length of service in VDT work.However,the highest prevalence of dry eye was observed in underweight individuals(42.9％),followed by normal weight(40.6％),overweight(28.0％),and obese indivi-duals(17.4％).There was a significant difference in the prevalence of dry eye among different body mass index(BMI)groups(x2=9.505,P=0.023).The lowest prevalence of asthenopia was observed among securities industry employees(22.6％),while higher rates were found in employees in companies(59.5％)and other employing organizations(68.8％).A significant difference in the prevalence of as-thenopia among different employing organizations(x2=14.832,P=0.022).The result of Logistic re-gression showed that a longer length of service in VDT work(OR=1.006,P＜0.001),a longer dura-tion of VDT after working hours(OR=1.002,P=0.032),a too-bright monitor(OR=2.875,P=0.022),glare during work(OR=1.500,P=0.038),a louder noise in work environment(OR=1.586,P=0.012),work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)(OR=4.366,P＜0.001)and other factors were independent risk factors of asthenopia,while wearing frame glasses(OR=0.452,P=0.037)was an independent protective factor.Glare during work(OR=2.198,P＜0.001),WMSDs(OR=2.226,P=0.001)and other factors were independent risk factors of dry eye,while overweight(OR=0.448,P=0.006),obesity(OR=0.228,P=0.032)were independent protective factors of dry eye.Conclusion:The prevalence of asthenopia and dry eye among VDT workers is relatively high,and it is associated with multiple risk factors.During prevention and control,attention should be paid to taking reasonable breaks during work,controlling glare,and strengthening visual health training and promotion.

The oropouche virus (OROV) poses a threat to pregnant women and fetuses, potentially causing fetal neurological defects and even stillbirth, which has caused global attention. OROV is an arthropod-borne virus belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus in the Bunyavirales order, primarily transmitted by arthropods and causing oropouche fever. This article reviews the etiological characteristics, epidemiological distribution, clinical symptoms, detection methods, and prevention strategies of OROV. OROV is prevalent in Central and South America, with a sharp increase in cases reported in Brazil in 2024. The virus's symptoms resemble those of several other arthropod-borne viral diseases, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Currently, there are no specific drugs or vaccines available, and treatment is mainly supportive. Culicoides paraensis and Culex quinquefasciatus are among the significant vectors of OROV. Furthermore, the article analyzes the distribution of Culex quinquefasciatus in China, highlights the risk of imported cases, proposes targeted prevention and control strategies, and underscores the significance of international cooperation in disease prevention and control.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of the micro-lecture guided self-inquiry teaching mode in Medical Physics experiment course.Methods:Using cluster sampling,two classes(62 students,31 per class)from 18 administrative classes of grade 2021 majoring in Clinical Medicine at a medical college were selected.The original class structure was maintained,with random assignment to the control group(traditional teaching)and the experimental group(micro-lecture guided self-inquiry teaching).Both groups underwent comprehensive assessment and teaching satisfaction surveys,followed by comparative analysis.Results:The class performance,experimental report scores,practical assessment scores and total scores in the experimental group were all higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Satisfaction scores in the experimental group were higher in areas including relevance to practical application,teaching diversity,class discussion interactivity,collaborative learning format,improvement in practical skills,enhancement of self-directed learning and innovation abilities,stimulation of learning interest,and cultivation of scientific research thinking(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The micro-lecture guided self-inquiry teaching mode improves teaching effectiveness,enhances students'comprehensive competencies,increases teaching satisfaction,and aligns with the goal of cultivating application-oriented talents.

Objective The purpose of the study is to breed homozygous interferon-γ knockout(IFN-γ-/-)mice and optimize the breeding strategies to achieve continuous and stable reproduction of IFN-γ-/-mice,which could be used as an ideal animal model for fundamental research.Methods Initially,heterozygous IFN-γ knockout(IFN-γ+/-)C57BL/6J mice were used as the parental generation for breeding.Subsequently,3 breeding strategies were employed using the offspring:(1)female heterozygotes mated with male heterozygotes;(2)male homozygotes mated with female heterozygotes;(3)female homozygotes mated with male homozygotes.The number and survival rate of IFN-γ-/-mice were compared across the three breeding strategies to determine the optimal breeding strategy.Under the optimal strategy,the effects of female mating age and diet type on the reproductive performance of IFN-γ-/-mice were further evaluated.Data from the first three litters of 60 IFN-γ-/-female mice,including litter size,number of weaning survivors,and weaning survival rate,were recorded and analyzed.In addition,the effects of dietary supplementation of pregnant mice and environmental optimization measures,such as the provision of shelters,were evaluated.Results Under conditions where the nutritional needs of pregnant mice were adequately met by supplementation with egg yolk and sunflower seeds,mating of female and male IFN-γ-/-mice result ed in a litter size of five to eight IFN-γ-/-mice,demonstrating higher efficiency compared to other breeding strategies.In addition,diet type and mating age significantly influenced female reproductive performance.When 7～9 weeks old female IFN-γ-/-mice were mated to male IFN-γ-/-mice and fed a high-protein breeding diet,litter size(6.9±1.7),weaning survival number(6.5％±2.0％)and weaning survival rate(93.2％±17.8％)were higher than those under other conditions.In addition,providing shelters to prevent fighting between breeding pairs further improved reproductive outcomes.Conclusions By adopting an optimized breeding strategy,combined with a high-protein diet,nutritional supplementation,and standardized mating age management,the breeding efficiency and stability of IFN-γ-/-mice can be significantly improved.This provides a reliable animal model for related research.

Objective: To investigate the availability and use of child safety seats among children aged 0-3 years, so as to provide the basis for improving riding safety for children. Methods: Parents of children aged 0-3 years in Huangpu District, Shanghai Municipality, were recruited using the stratified multistage random sampling method from May to July 2024. Demographic information, family travel patterns, the use of child safety seat and related health beliefs were collected using questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting the use of child safety seats were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 514 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective rate of 96.98%. The respondents included 122 fathers (23.74%) and 392 mothers (76.26%), with a median age of 34.00 (interquartile range, 5.00) years. There were 446 families equipping with child safety seats, accounting for 86.77%; and 169 families using child safety seats, accounting for 32.88%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the parents who had children aged >1-2 years (OR=0.597, 95%CI: 0.366-0.973), travelled 2-4 times per month (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.213-0.607) or once per month or less (OR=0.384, 95%CI: 0.202-0.729), and scored high in perceived barrier (OR=0.634, 95%CI: 0.486-0.827) were less likely to use child safety seats; the parents who had children with local household registration (OR=2.506, 95%CI: 1.356-4.633), travelled 5-<10 km (OR=1.887, 95%CI: 1.148-3.101) or ≥10 km (OR=2.319, 95%CI: 1.355-3.967), always wore seat belts (OR=2.342, 95%CI: 1.212-4.524), scored high in perceived susceptibility (OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.091-1.778) and self-efficacy (OR=1.413, 95%CI: 1.156-1.727) were more likely to use child safety seats. Conclusions Equipping family cars with child safety seats and using them can prevent and reduce traffic injuries among children aged 0-3 years. It is recommended to strengthen publicity to promote the use of child safety seats.

Objective The purpose of the study is to breed homozygous interferon-γ knockout(IFN-γ-/-)mice and optimize the breeding strategies to achieve continuous and stable reproduction of IFN-γ-/-mice,which could be used as an ideal animal model for fundamental research.Methods Initially,heterozygous IFN-γ knockout(IFN-γ+/-)C57BL/6J mice were used as the parental generation for breeding.Subsequently,3 breeding strategies were employed using the offspring:(1)female heterozygotes mated with male heterozygotes;(2)male homozygotes mated with female heterozygotes;(3)female homozygotes mated with male homozygotes.The number and survival rate of IFN-γ-/-mice were compared across the three breeding strategies to determine the optimal breeding strategy.Under the optimal strategy,the effects of female mating age and diet type on the reproductive performance of IFN-γ-/-mice were further evaluated.Data from the first three litters of 60 IFN-γ-/-female mice,including litter size,number of weaning survivors,and weaning survival rate,were recorded and analyzed.In addition,the effects of dietary supplementation of pregnant mice and environmental optimization measures,such as the provision of shelters,were evaluated.Results Under conditions where the nutritional needs of pregnant mice were adequately met by supplementation with egg yolk and sunflower seeds,mating of female and male IFN-γ-/-mice result ed in a litter size of five to eight IFN-γ-/-mice,demonstrating higher efficiency compared to other breeding strategies.In addition,diet type and mating age significantly influenced female reproductive performance.When 7～9 weeks old female IFN-γ-/-mice were mated to male IFN-γ-/-mice and fed a high-protein breeding diet,litter size(6.9±1.7),weaning survival number(6.5％±2.0％)and weaning survival rate(93.2％±17.8％)were higher than those under other conditions.In addition,providing shelters to prevent fighting between breeding pairs further improved reproductive outcomes.Conclusions By adopting an optimized breeding strategy,combined with a high-protein diet,nutritional supplementation,and standardized mating age management,the breeding efficiency and stability of IFN-γ-/-mice can be significantly improved.This provides a reliable animal model for related research.