Objective:To analyze the survival time and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infected individuals and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS）patients in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020.Methods:The survival and death information of HIV/AIDS patients in Yancheng city from 2016 to 2020 was collected through the National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System. A retrospective cohort study was conducted，and the survival status of HIV/AIDS patients was analyzed using life tables. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of survival time.Results:A total of 1 411 HIV/AIDS patients were included in this study. By the end of the study，the cumulative survival rates of patients at 1-5 years were 93.90%，91.95%，91.24%，90.35%，and 90.12%，respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis results showed that the risk of death for the age group of ≥60 years at the first diagnosis of HIV positive was 1.54 times that of the <45 years age group（95% CI：1.05-2.28）；the risk of death for the CD4 +T lymphocyte（CD4）count groups of 200-349 cells/μl，350-499 cells/μl，and ≥500 cells/μl was 0.30 times（95% CI：0.19-0.47），0.21 times（95% CI：0.11-0.42），and 0.12 times（95% CI：0.04-0.37）that of the <200 cells/μl group，respectively；the risk of death for those who received antiviral treatment was 0.08 times（95% CI：0.05-0.12）that of those who did not receive antiviral treatment；and the risk of death from HIV/AIDS for cases detected through medical institution testing is 2.23 times（95% CI：1.14-3.51）that of cases detected through testing and counseling. Conclusion:The study of HIV/AIDS in Yancheng city from 2016 to 2020 shows that older age at diagnosis，lower initial CD4 +T lymphocyte count，no antiviral treatment，and detection by medical institutions are associated with higher risk of death. It is recommended to expand testing，improve treatment compliance，and promote early detection and treatment of high-risk groups to prolong survival.

Objective:To analyze the survival time and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infected individuals and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS）patients in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020.Methods:The survival and death information of HIV/AIDS patients in Yancheng city from 2016 to 2020 was collected through the National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System. A retrospective cohort study was conducted，and the survival status of HIV/AIDS patients was analyzed using life tables. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of survival time.Results:A total of 1 411 HIV/AIDS patients were included in this study. By the end of the study，the cumulative survival rates of patients at 1-5 years were 93.90%，91.95%，91.24%，90.35%，and 90.12%，respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis results showed that the risk of death for the age group of ≥60 years at the first diagnosis of HIV positive was 1.54 times that of the <45 years age group（95% CI：1.05-2.28）；the risk of death for the CD4 +T lymphocyte（CD4）count groups of 200-349 cells/μl，350-499 cells/μl，and ≥500 cells/μl was 0.30 times（95% CI：0.19-0.47），0.21 times（95% CI：0.11-0.42），and 0.12 times（95% CI：0.04-0.37）that of the <200 cells/μl group，respectively；the risk of death for those who received antiviral treatment was 0.08 times（95% CI：0.05-0.12）that of those who did not receive antiviral treatment；and the risk of death from HIV/AIDS for cases detected through medical institution testing is 2.23 times（95% CI：1.14-3.51）that of cases detected through testing and counseling. Conclusion:The study of HIV/AIDS in Yancheng city from 2016 to 2020 shows that older age at diagnosis，lower initial CD4 +T lymphocyte count，no antiviral treatment，and detection by medical institutions are associated with higher risk of death. It is recommended to expand testing，improve treatment compliance，and promote early detection and treatment of high-risk groups to prolong survival.

Objective:To investigate the effect of inflammatory factors(IL-2,INF-γ,IL-10,TNF-α)and CD4+and CD8+T cells in vaginal lavage in high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions(HSIL)and early cervical cancer(CC).Methods:To collect clinical data of HSIL(n=120)and early CC patients(n=44)after high-risk human papilloma virus(HR-HPV)infection.And healthy middle-aged women not infected with HR-HPV were randomly selected as control.The clinical data of the subjects in three groups were compared,inflammatory factors distribution and ratio of CD4+and CD8+T cells in serum and vaginal lavage fluid were compared.Multivariate Logistic regression performed to analyze the influencing factors of HSIL progression to early CC,ROC and calibration plot were drawn to evaluate the model.Results:The difference was not statistically significant in serum IL-2,INF-γ,IL-10,TNF-α levels,CD4+T cell distribution,CD8+T cell distribution and CD4+/CD8+ratio in sub-jects of control group,HSIL group and early CC group(P>0.05).The difference was statistically significant in the vaginal lavage levels of IL-2,INF-γ,IL-10,TNF-α levels,CD4+T cell distribution,CD8+T cell distribution and CD4+/CD8+ratio(P<0.05),plus the level of HSIL patients was higher than that of control subjects(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that parity>2(OR=3.119,95%CI:4.353～6.737)and the percentage of CD4+T cells in vaginal lavage fluid(OR=0.327,95%CI:0.188-0.478)in model 2(P<0.001,AUC=0.908),CD4+/CD8+(OR=0.809,95%CI:0.356-1.868)(P<0.001,AUC=0.873)in model 3 has an independent influence on the development of HSIL to early CC;the difference is not significant(Z=1.550 4,P=0.121)in ROC curves of the two models.CD4+/CD8+ratio as only one indictor in Model 3 can be good predic-tion,and the calibration curve of this model is close to the standard curve.Conclusions:After HR-HPV infection,the systemic immune status does not participate in HSIL and HSIL progression to early CC,but the cervical local immune status is involved,in which CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio is an independent protective factor.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of latent syphilis in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, so as to provide insights into syphilis control. Methods: All reported cases with latent syphilis in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020 was collected from the Communicable Disease Report System of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the prevalence of latent syphilis was estimated and standardized by the seventh population census data in Yancheng City. The trends in the incidence of latent syphilis were evaluated using annual percent change (APC), and the temporal, regional and human distributions of latent syphilis patients were descriptively analyzed. In addition, the spatial clusters of latent syphilis incidence were identified using spatial autocorrelation analysis. Results: A total of 7 790 cases with latent syphilis were reported in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020, and the standardized incidence of latent syphilis increased from 15.35/105 in 2016 to 28.70/105 in 2020 (APC=17.54%, t=5.357, P=0.013). Latent syphilis cases were reported in each month, and no obvious seasonable characteristics were seen. During the period from 2017 to 2020, the highest incidence of latent syphilis was seen in residents at ages of 70 to 79 years, with incidence rates of 41.71/105, 43.04/105, 75.79/105 and 72.94/105, respectively, and most cases were farmers (4 711 cases, 60.47%). The three highest incidence of latent syphilis was reported in Funing County (191.40/105), Tinghu District (137.13/105) and Yandu District (126.23/105). There was a positive spatial correlation of latent syphilis incidence in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020 (Moran's I=0.23, Z=4.457, P=0.001), and two high-high clusters were identified in 14 townships (streets) of Funing County, Binhai County, Tinghu District, Sheyang County and Yandu District and 3 low-low clusters in 7 townships (streets) in Jianhu County, Tinghu District, Dongtai City and Sheyang County. Conclusions The incidence of latent syphilis appeared a tendency towards a rise, and there were remarkable spatial clusters identified in latent syphilis incidence in Yancheng City from 2016 to 2020. The elderly people and farmers are at high risk of latent syphilis.

Objective To explore the value of minute ventilation recovery time (VERT) as a weaning predictor in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods A prospective study was performed from March 2008 to July 2012.Fifty-two COPD patients under mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours in our RICU tolerated a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) and were ready for planned extubation.After SBT,these patients were placed back on their pre-SBT ventilator settings for up to 25 minutes,during which VERT was obtained.VERT was defined as the time for minute ventilation to return to baseline measured before SBT.Respiratory rate,tidal volume,minute ventilation and respiratory rate/tidal volume ratio were also obtained before SBT and just after SBT.Arterial blood gas data were measured and recorded before weaning.According to the weaning outcome,the patients were classified as successful group (40 cases) or failed group (12 cases).VERT and other quantitative variables were compared using t test.A multiple logistic regression was performed to explore possible factors associated with the weaning outcome.The sensitivity and specificity of VERT for predictive capacity in weaning were assessed using ROC cure.Results VERT and respiratory rate after SBT were significantly different between two groups.Multiple logistic regression revealed that VERT was the only predictor associated with weaning outcome (b =0.282,P ＜0.001).The area under ROC curve for VERT was 0.957 (95％ CI:O.907-1.008).With a cut-off value of 10.5 minutes,the sensitivity and specificity of VERT for predicting weaning failure were 1.0 and 0.85,respectively.Conclusions VERT may be a new predictor for extubation and determination of mechanical ventilation weaning in patients with COPD.VERT is a variable to be easily measured thereby being conveniently used in clinical practice.

Objective To analyze the clinical and X-ray manifestations of sclerosing adenosis of the breast,and to evaluate the val-ue of preoperative differential diagnosis between the sclerosing adenosis and the breast cancer combined with pathology.Methods X-ray manifestations and clinical features of 25 patients with the sclerosing adenosis of the breast confirm by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively.Then the X-ray manifestations and clinical features were compared with the pathological results.Results Total 25 patients suffered from the sclerosing adenosis of the breast.Among them,2 cases were bilateral sclerosing adenosis,23 ca-ses were unilateral sclerosing adenosis,6 cases with epithelial atypical hyperplasia,4 cases with intraductal papilloma,7 cases with fibroadenoma nodule formation,and the rest with the pure sclerosing adenosis.X-ray manifestations:7 cases presented the medium density nodular shadows with blurred and irregular edges,1 6 cases showed the star-shaped shadows of which 6 cases were the“black stars”,3 cases of“white stars”.One in 7 cases can only see a star shadow,another was unclear or the form was varied.1 3 patients showed the calcification among 4 cases presented the small clusters of distribution with needlepoint-like calcification,2 cases of bulky curved calcification,and the rest with scattered and regional distribution of dot,needlepoint-like calcification.Conclusion Combined with clinical manifestations,the breast X-ray plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of sclerosing adenosis and the breast cancer.

Objective: To study the optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids from the leaves of Hibiscus mutabilis L. Methods: The orthogonal design L 9(3 4) was used. The 70% alcohol refluent method was compared with the decoction or 75% alcohol warm infusion process. Results: The 70% alcohol reflux was the best method.Conclusion: A 1B 3C 3D 3 is the best extraction condition of flavonoids from the leaves of Hibiscus mutabilis L..