Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. However, evidence from meta-analyses on the association between ambient ozone exposure and ASCVD risk remains relatively insufficient. Objective To explore the epidemiological association between ambient ozone exposure and ASCVD, providing scientific evidence for ASCVD prevention and control from the perspective of environmental risk factor management. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database, CBM, and VIP for published epidemiological studies on the relationship between ambient ozone exposure and ASCVD from January 2007 to December 2023. We performed quality assessment and data extraction of the included studies, and utilized meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of short-term and long-term ozone exposure on different ASCVD outcomes, including mortality and incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and ischemic stroke (IS). Results A total of 24 studies were included based on a set of predetermined eligibility criteria. The meta-analysis results indicated that short-term ozone exposure was associated with an increased risk of ASCVD mortality and incidence. Specifically, short-term ozone exposure was significantly associated with an elevated risk of IHD mortality (combined RR=1.011, 95%CI: 1.008, 1.015; P < 0.05). Additionally, short-term ozone exposure was significantly linked to increased IS mortality (combined RR=1.005, 95%CI: 1.003, 1.008; P < 0.05) and incidence (combined RR=1.015, 95%CI: 1.003, 1.027; P < 0.05). Conclusion Short-term exposure to ambient ozone significantly elevates acute cardiovascular disease risk. However, the epidemiological association between long-term ozone exposure and ASCVD remains inconclusive. Future high-quality cohort studies with refined exposure assessment methods are warranted to elucidate the chronic cardiovascular effects of ozone exposure.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are common organic compounds in indoor and outdoor air, and enter the human body primarily through the respiratory tract and directly damage the respiratory system. Previous studies have suggested that exposure to VOCs/SVOCs may associate with the prevalence, incidence, and progression of asthma, but the extent of the associations is still vague. Furthermore, biomarkers for efficient and simple asthma diagnosis, typing, and attack prediction remain unclear at this stage. From the perspective of the collection and detection methods of VOCs/SVOCs, this paper summarized the epidemiological associations and underlying biological mechanisms between VOCs/SVOCs exposure and the prevalence, incidence, and progression of asthma in children/adults. It also demonstrated the application of VOCs/SVOCs in recent years in assisting asthma diagnosis, such as distinguishing asthma patients from the healthy population, differentiating different asthma phenotypes, and predicting asthma acute exacerbations, aiming to provide a scientific basis for improving current asthma management.

Objective To investigate the application value of late gadolinium enhancement(LEG)at cardiac MRI in predicting ventricular arrhythmia(VA)events in patients after implantation of ICD.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 16 patients at high risk of sudden cardi-ac death after ICD implantation and LEG examination in the First and the Sixth Medical Centers of Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2020 to March 2024.According the occurrence of VA events receiving appropriate ICD therapy during the follow-up period,they were divided into post-operative VA group(7 cases)and non-VA group(9 cases).The correlation of clinical baseline fea-tures and LEG features with VA events was analyzed.Results The ratios of transmural enhance-ment and myocardial medium enhancement were obviously higher in the VA group than the non-VA group(71.4％vs 11.1％,P=0.035;85.7％vs 22.2％,P=0.041).Multivariate logistic regres-sionanalysis showed that transmural enhancement(OR=5.000,95％CI:0.150-166.589,P=0.368)and myocardial medium enhancement(OR=7.000,95％CI:0.217-226.005,P=0.272)were not independent factors influencing VA occurrence.ROC curve analysis indicated that the combined prediction of transmural enhancement and myocardial media enhancement and the pre-diction of transmural enhancement alone had better diagnostic efficacy(P＜0.05).Conclusion LEG has clinical value in predicting postoperative VA events in patients after ICD implantation.

OBJECTIVE By conducting evidence evaluation research on literatures,this study aims to reveal the o-verall characteristics and research hotspots in the field of combat trauma-related infections,ultimately providing data support for the prevention and control of such infections.METHODS Relevant research in this field was sys-tematically collected from open-source databases to construct a dataset.The overall characteristics,research hotspots,prevention and control strategies,and future challenges of trauma-related infections were summarized and analyzed.RESULTS From 2004 to 2024,184 papers were published.The United States contributed the most publications,with Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences being the most productive research insti-tution and Professor Clinton K.Murray as the author with the highest number of publications.The top five key-words with the highest frequency were combat related injury,infection,Acinetobacter baumannii,epidemiology and management.Among the publicly published literature data on war trauma-related infections,blast injuries ac-counted for the largest proportion,mainly multi-site injuries,with limb injuries being the most common.Bacteri-al infections were more common than fungal infections,with gram-negative bacteria being predominant and A.baumannii being the most common.Besides early wound management and the use of antibacterial drugs,in-creased attention should be paid to infection prevention and control in austere environments and the development of novel countermeasures.These advancements are critical to address projected changes in combat trauma,inclu-ding increasingly complex injuries and substantially elevated risks of infection and antimicrobial resistance.CONCLUSION This study systematically presents research hotspots,developmental trends,and prospects in com-bat trauma-related infections through evidence evaluation study,providing novel perspectives for researchers and facilitating further development in this field.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the current research status and development trends in the field of biosecurity both domestically and internationally,and to provide references for biosecurity-related research and evaluation.METHODS Using CiteSpace software,bibliometrics was employed to collect thematic research on bios-ecurity published in the Science Citation Index database from 2004 to 2024.Research trends,keyword clustering and emergence research were investigated,with visual analysis conducted on the number of publications,contribu-ting countries and keywords.RESULTS A total of 13 108 articles were included in this study.Research on biosecu-rity both domestically and internationally was in a phase of rapid growth,with related fields exhibiting an"expo-nential"growth trend.China ranked first in terms of the number of publications(35.62％),followed by the Unit-ed States(19.33％)and Australia(10.38％).Analysis of keyword clustering revealed 20 clusters,including risk assessment,antibacterial drug resistance,green synthesis,gene therapy,one health,drug delivery,invasive spe-cies,bovines,emergency animal diseases and highly pathogenic avian influenza.Regarding antibacterial drug re-sistance,the focus was primarily on the transmission mechanisms of drug-resistant pathogens in poultry farming,while exploring novel antibacterial technologies such as biomaterials and probiotic alternatives to address the chal-lenge of drug-resistant bacteria.In terms of strategies,research was primarily conducted on the development,ap-plication and safety of agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified crops.Keywords burst analysis indicated that different research topics had certain temporal research popularity,with carbon nanotubes,Anopheles ste-phensi,coronaviruses and one health being recent emerging themes.CONCLUSION China achieves certain pro-gress in the field of biosecurity research,and conducts certain exploratory research on prevention,diagnosis,treatment and intervention of biosecurity.Biosecurity risk assessment,as a research hotspot,deserves close attention.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the current research status and development trends in the field of biosecurity both domestically and internationally,and to provide references for biosecurity-related research and evaluation.METHODS Using CiteSpace software,bibliometrics was employed to collect thematic research on bios-ecurity published in the Science Citation Index database from 2004 to 2024.Research trends,keyword clustering and emergence research were investigated,with visual analysis conducted on the number of publications,contribu-ting countries and keywords.RESULTS A total of 13 108 articles were included in this study.Research on biosecu-rity both domestically and internationally was in a phase of rapid growth,with related fields exhibiting an"expo-nential"growth trend.China ranked first in terms of the number of publications(35.62％),followed by the Unit-ed States(19.33％)and Australia(10.38％).Analysis of keyword clustering revealed 20 clusters,including risk assessment,antibacterial drug resistance,green synthesis,gene therapy,one health,drug delivery,invasive spe-cies,bovines,emergency animal diseases and highly pathogenic avian influenza.Regarding antibacterial drug re-sistance,the focus was primarily on the transmission mechanisms of drug-resistant pathogens in poultry farming,while exploring novel antibacterial technologies such as biomaterials and probiotic alternatives to address the chal-lenge of drug-resistant bacteria.In terms of strategies,research was primarily conducted on the development,ap-plication and safety of agricultural biotechnology and genetically modified crops.Keywords burst analysis indicated that different research topics had certain temporal research popularity,with carbon nanotubes,Anopheles ste-phensi,coronaviruses and one health being recent emerging themes.CONCLUSION China achieves certain pro-gress in the field of biosecurity research,and conducts certain exploratory research on prevention,diagnosis,treatment and intervention of biosecurity.Biosecurity risk assessment,as a research hotspot,deserves close attention.

Objective To investigate the application value of late gadolinium enhancement(LEG)at cardiac MRI in predicting ventricular arrhythmia(VA)events in patients after implantation of ICD.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 16 patients at high risk of sudden cardi-ac death after ICD implantation and LEG examination in the First and the Sixth Medical Centers of Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2020 to March 2024.According the occurrence of VA events receiving appropriate ICD therapy during the follow-up period,they were divided into post-operative VA group(7 cases)and non-VA group(9 cases).The correlation of clinical baseline fea-tures and LEG features with VA events was analyzed.Results The ratios of transmural enhance-ment and myocardial medium enhancement were obviously higher in the VA group than the non-VA group(71.4％vs 11.1％,P=0.035;85.7％vs 22.2％,P=0.041).Multivariate logistic regres-sionanalysis showed that transmural enhancement(OR=5.000,95％CI:0.150-166.589,P=0.368)and myocardial medium enhancement(OR=7.000,95％CI:0.217-226.005,P=0.272)were not independent factors influencing VA occurrence.ROC curve analysis indicated that the combined prediction of transmural enhancement and myocardial media enhancement and the pre-diction of transmural enhancement alone had better diagnostic efficacy(P＜0.05).Conclusion LEG has clinical value in predicting postoperative VA events in patients after ICD implantation.

OBJECTIVE By conducting evidence evaluation research on literatures,this study aims to reveal the o-verall characteristics and research hotspots in the field of combat trauma-related infections,ultimately providing data support for the prevention and control of such infections.METHODS Relevant research in this field was sys-tematically collected from open-source databases to construct a dataset.The overall characteristics,research hotspots,prevention and control strategies,and future challenges of trauma-related infections were summarized and analyzed.RESULTS From 2004 to 2024,184 papers were published.The United States contributed the most publications,with Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences being the most productive research insti-tution and Professor Clinton K.Murray as the author with the highest number of publications.The top five key-words with the highest frequency were combat related injury,infection,Acinetobacter baumannii,epidemiology and management.Among the publicly published literature data on war trauma-related infections,blast injuries ac-counted for the largest proportion,mainly multi-site injuries,with limb injuries being the most common.Bacteri-al infections were more common than fungal infections,with gram-negative bacteria being predominant and A.baumannii being the most common.Besides early wound management and the use of antibacterial drugs,in-creased attention should be paid to infection prevention and control in austere environments and the development of novel countermeasures.These advancements are critical to address projected changes in combat trauma,inclu-ding increasingly complex injuries and substantially elevated risks of infection and antimicrobial resistance.CONCLUSION This study systematically presents research hotspots,developmental trends,and prospects in com-bat trauma-related infections through evidence evaluation study,providing novel perspectives for researchers and facilitating further development in this field.

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)represent a class of small-molecule targeted therapeutics for oncology treatment,and serve as first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)with EGFR-sensitive mutations,with representative agents including gefitinib,dacomitinib,and osimertinib.In clinical practice,dose adjustment of EGFR-TKI may be required for cancer patients under special circumstances such as drug combinations or hepatic/renal impairment.Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic(PBPK)model,capable of predicting pharmacokinetic(PK)processes in humans,has emerged as a vital tool for clinical dose optimization.This article sorts the modeling methodologies,workflows,and commonly used software tools for PBPK model,and summarizes the current applications of PBPK model in EGFR-TKI precision therapy as of June 30,2024.Findings demonstrate that PBPK modeling methods commonly employ the"bottom-up"approach and the middle-out approach.The process typically involves four steps:parameter collection,compartment selection,model validation,and model application.Commonly used software for modeling includes Simcyp,GastroPlus,and open-source software such as PK-Sim.PBPK model can be utilized for predicting drug-drug interactions of EGFR-TKI co-administered with metabolic enzyme inducers or inhibitors,acid-suppressive drugs,or traditional Chinese and Western medicines.It can also adjust dosages in conjunction with genomics,predict PK processes in special populations(such as patients with liver or kidney dysfunction,pediatric patients),evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs,and extrapolate PK predictions from animal models to humans.

Objective To explore the impact of pH value of the reaction system on the properties of bovine hemoglobin modified with aldehydeated polyethylene glycol(PEG-bHb).Methods PEG-bHb conjugates were synthesized under varying pH conditions(6.0,6.5,7.4 and 8.0)of the reaction system while consistent molar ratios,temperature,and reaction time were maintained.The structural and functional attributes of PEG-bHb were characterized.Results The proportion of methemoglobin decreased with an increase in pH.In a weakly acidic reaction environment,the PEG-bHb was found to be relatively highly modified.At pH 6.5,the average number of PEG chains attached to the bHb surface was 6.86±0.38.Selective PEG modification of the N-terminal α-NH2 groups was more pronounced under weakly acidic conditions.Specifically,at pH 6.5,the modification efficiency of the N-terminal α-NH2 groups of bHb by aldehyde-activated PEG reached 95.4％for the α-chains and 99.3％for the β-chains.The PEG modification influenced the heme region microenvi-ronment of bHb,with minimal structural impact observed at pH 6.5.After modification,the oxygen affinity of PEG-bHb was enhanced,the Hill coefficient was reduced,and there were significant increases in colloid osmotic pressure,viscosity,and particle size,all of which differed markedly from the unmodified bHb group(P＜0.001).Conclusion The synthesis of PEG-bHb under weakly acidic conditions can result in a high degree of selective modification of the N-terminal α-NH2 groups and an overall high degree of modification.