Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a refractory disease of the digestive system characterized by diverse etiologies， complex pathogenesis， a prolonged course， and frequent relapses. In recent years， the incidence of UC has been increasing annually， severely impairing patients' quality of life， posing a risk of malignant transformation that may threaten patients' lives， and resulting in a substantial medical burden. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound formulas， with their advantages of multi-component and multi-target actions， have become a new therapeutic option for UC. The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is a core component of innate immunity， and its aberrant activation is closely associated with the onset and progression of UC， involving multiple processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress， and exhibiting crosstalk with pathways including nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and thioredoxin-interacting protein （TXNIP）. At present， NLRP3 has become one of the most intensely studied hotspots in UC-related research. Although increasing studies have focused on the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by TCM compound formulas for UC treatment， challenges remain due to the complex pathogenesis of UC and the compositional diversity of TCM， hindering the realization of precision therapy. In this context， by reviewing literature from the past decade， this paper summarizes the activation process of NLRP3 and its relationship with UC， and elucidates the roles and mechanisms by which TCM compound formulas regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and related signaling pathways， with a view to providing a reference for further research into the pathogenesis of UC， TCM treatment strategies， and their mechanisms of action.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a refractory disease of the digestive system characterized by diverse etiologies， complex pathogenesis， a prolonged course， and frequent relapses. In recent years， the incidence of UC has been increasing annually， severely impairing patients' quality of life， posing a risk of malignant transformation that may threaten patients' lives， and resulting in a substantial medical burden. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound formulas， with their advantages of multi-component and multi-target actions， have become a new therapeutic option for UC. The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is a core component of innate immunity， and its aberrant activation is closely associated with the onset and progression of UC， involving multiple processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress， and exhibiting crosstalk with pathways including nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， and thioredoxin-interacting protein （TXNIP）. At present， NLRP3 has become one of the most intensely studied hotspots in UC-related research. Although increasing studies have focused on the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by TCM compound formulas for UC treatment， challenges remain due to the complex pathogenesis of UC and the compositional diversity of TCM， hindering the realization of precision therapy. In this context， by reviewing literature from the past decade， this paper summarizes the activation process of NLRP3 and its relationship with UC， and elucidates the roles and mechanisms by which TCM compound formulas regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and related signaling pathways， with a view to providing a reference for further research into the pathogenesis of UC， TCM treatment strategies， and their mechanisms of action.

The most common medications for the treatment of zoonotic toxoplasmosis are pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, which may cause serious undesirable side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics. Baicalein (BAI, C₁₅H₁₀O₅) has been shown to perform well against protozoan parasites including Leishmania and Cryptosporidium. In this study, the inhibition efficacy of BAI on Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated using plaque, invasion, and intracellular proliferation assays. BAI effectively inhibited T. gondii (half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀)=6.457×10^-5 mol/L), with a reduced invasion rate (33.56%) and intracellular proliferation, and exhibited low cytotoxicity (half-maximum toxicity concentration (TC₅₀)=5.929×10^-4 mol/L). Further investigation using a mouse model shed light on the inhibitory efficacy of BAI against T. gondii, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying its anti-parasitic effects. The survival time of T. gondii-infected ICR mice treated with BAI was remarkably extended, and their parasite burdens in the liver and spleen were greatly reduced compared with those of the negative control group. Histopathological examination of live sections revealed effective therapeutic outcomes in the treatment groups, with no notable pathological alterations observed. Furthermore, alterations in cytokine levels indicated that BAI not only effectively suppressed the growth of T. gondii but also prevented excessive inflammation in mice. Collectively, these findings underscore the significant inhibitory efficacy of BAI against T. gondii, positioning it as a promising alternative therapeutic agent for toxoplasmosis.
Animals ; Toxoplasma/drug effects* ; Flavanones/therapeutic use* ; Mice ; Antiparasitic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Toxoplasmosis/drug therapy* ; Female

Objective To compare differences in the pharmacological activities of Angelica sinensis and its components on hematopoietic and laxative effects.Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into eight groups,with 12 mice in each group consisting of equal numbers of males and females.These groups included a normal group,a model group,a positive group,a Angelica sinensis(AS)group,an Angelica sinensis water-soluble(AW)group,an Ethanol extract of Angelicae sinensis(AE)group,and an Angelica sinensis essential oil(AO)group.Except for the normal group,all other groups were established as blood deficiency constipation mouse models through subcutaneous injection of N-acetylphenylhydrazine combined with oral administration of loperamide hydrochloride.On the 7th day of modeling,each group received oral administration of the respective test substance once daily for three consecutive days.General condition and body weight changes of the mice were observed,peripheral blood cells were counted,stool morphology and fecal output were recorded,fecal moisture content and colonic tissue moisture content were determined,small intestine propulsion rate was assessed by a charcoal meal method,and serum levels of β-endorphin(β-EP),cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8),substance P(SP),and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)were determined by ELISA.Differences in the pharmacological activities of Angelica sinensis and its components on hematopoietic and laxative effects were analyzed.Results Compared with the normal group,model group mice showed significantly reduced white blood cell(WBC),red blood cell(RBC),hemoglobin(HGB),hematocrit(HCT),and platelet(PLT)counts,and body weight(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Additionally,fecal moisture content,colon moisture content,and small intestine propulsion rate were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)and serum CCK-8 and SP levels were also lower(P＜0.01),while serum β-EP and VIP levels increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,AS and AW groups had higher WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,and PLT counts,defecation volume,fecal moisture content,and colon moisture content(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The AE group showed increased WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,and PLT counts,and colon moisture content(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but defecation volume and fecal moisture content were not significantly altered.The AO group exhibited increased fecal moisture content,colon moisture content,and defecation volume(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but no significant changes in WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,and PLT counts.The AE group showed no significant changes in defecation volume,fecal moisture content,and colon moisture content.The AS and AO groups had increased small intestine propulsion rates(P＜0.01),while there was no significant difference in small intestine propulsion rate between the AW and AE groups.The AS group had elevated serum CCK-8 and SP levels(P＜0.01)and decreased serum β-EP and VIP levels(P＜0.01).The AO group had increased serum CCK-8 and SP levels(P＜0.05),but no significant change in serum β-EP and VIP levels.The AW group had decreased serum VIP levels(P＜0.05),but no statistically significant difference in serum CCK-8 and SP levels.Compared with the AS group,the AW group had higher WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,and PLT counts,while the AO and AE groups had lower levels of these parameters(P＜0.05).Both AW and AO groups had increased fecal moisture content(P＜0.05),and both AW and AE groups had increased colon moisture content(P＜0.05).AO,AE,and AW groups had elevated serum CCK-8 and SP levels and decreased serum β-EP and VIP levels(P＜0.05).In summary,the groups were ordered as follows:AE＞AO＞AS＞AW in terms of blood replenishment,AO＞AS＞AW＞AE in terms of promoting bowel movements,and AO＞AS＞AE＞AW in terms of intestinal motility.Conclusions Angelica sinensis and its components have varying degrees of blood replenishing and bowel-promoting activities.The AE component has strong blood replenishing activity,while the AO component has strong bowel-promoting and defecation-stimulating activity.These findings provide a reference for the development of traditional Chinese medicines based on Angelica sinensis components.

Liver cancer has high prevalence and mortality rates around the world， and its development and progression are closely associated with the interaction between the tumor microenvironment and tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs）. TAMs play a significant role in immune suppression， immune escape， cell proliferation， invasion， metastasis， and drug resistance in liver cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with its unique therapeutic concepts and methods， has shown great potential in regulating TAMs and improving the prognosis of liver cancer. This article reviews the role and molecular mechanisms of TCM in regulating TAMs for the treatment of liver cancer， discusses the key role of TAMs in the progression of liver cancer， and analyzes the impact of Chinese medicinal components on the recruitment， polarization， and activity of TAMs and the expression of related factors based on TCM theory. Studies have shown that TCM can regulate the polarization state of TAMs， promote the formation of M1-type antitumor macrophages， and inhibit the activity of M2-type tumor macrophages， thereby playing a role in inhibiting the proliferation of liver cancer cells， promoting apoptosis， inhibiting angiogenesis， and enhancing immune response. In addition， this article also summarizes the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of TCM monomers， compound prescriptions， and novel preparations in the treatment of liver cancer， such as inhibiting the secretion of cytokines by TAMs， regulating signaling pathways， and affecting metabolic pathways， in order to provide a scientific basis for the application of TCM in liver cancer treatment and offer new ideas for immunotherapy for liver cancer.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of degenerative scoliosis.Methods:The clinical studies of OLIF in the treatment of degenerative scoliosis published up to May 2024 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Cobb's angle of coronal convexity, pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were extracted to compare the changes of the indexes before and after surgery. The methodological index for non-randomised studies (MINORS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. Stata 18.0 statistical software was used for the meta-analysis. When the heterogeneity between groups was small, the fixed-effect model was used for analysis, and when the heterogeneity between groups was large, the random-effect model was used for analysis.Results:A total of 152 patients from 7 articles were included in the meta-analysis, including 3 in Chinese and 4 in English, with MINORS scores ranging from 17 to 22. Meta-analysis showed that OLIF for treating degenerative scoliosis was effective in reducing postoperative VAS score [ SMD=-4.74, 95% CI(-5.26, -4.21), P<0.001], ODI [ SMD=-6.21, 95% CI(-8.02, -4.41), P<0.001], coronal plane scoliosis Cobb angle[ SMD=-2.50, 95% CI(-3.22, -1.78), P<0.001], PT [ SMD=-0.73, 95% CI(-1.14, -0.33), P<0.001], and SVA [ SMD=-1.01, 95% CI(-1.75, -0.28), P=0.007], and significantly improved postoperative LL [ SMD=1.16, 95% CI(0.65, 1.68), P<0.001]. Conclusion:OLIF for treating degenerative scoliosis can effectively relieve pain, improve spinal function, and correct coronal facet scoliosis deformity.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of ursolic acid (UA) in inhibiting the growth and metastasis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (“231”) cells by downregulating ANXA6.Methods:This study conducted relevant in vitro cytology and molecular biology experiments in the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory of Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2023 to August 2024. Human breast cancer 231 cells were cultured in vitro, and the effects of different concentrations of UA on the proliferation and invasion and metastasis of 231 cells were detected by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Western Blot was used to detect the effect of UA on the expression of ANXA6 and invasion and metastasis-related proteins MMP9, β-catenin and N-cadherin in 231 cells. The 231 cells that interfered with and overexpressed ANXA6 were constructed by lentivirus transfection to generate stable ANXA6 interfering and overexpressing 231 cells, which were divided into 231/KD-ANXA6 group, 231/KD-NC group, 231/OE-ANXA6 group, and 231/OE-NC group. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation activity, invasion and metastasis ability of 231 cells after interference and overexpression of ANXA6 and the effect of UA on the proliferation ability of 231 cells after interference and overexpression of ANXA6. Western Blot and RT-PCR assays were used to detect the expression of invasion and migration biomarkers such as MMP9, β-catenin, and N-cadherin in 231 cells after interference and overexpression of ANXA6. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of ANXA6 in breast cancer tissues, and the relationship between ANXA6 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed.Results:The CCK-8 assay results showed that compared with the control group (0 μmol/L UA, 100.00%±7.37%), the proliferative activity of 231 cells at UA concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μmol/L (90.23%±1.76%, t=2.24, P<0.05; 85.19%±4.23%, t=3.02, P<0.05; 65.45%±0.35%, t=8.11, P<0.01; 37.79%±0.98%, t=14.50, P<0.001; 18.18%±0.15%, t=19.23, P<0.001) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, UA (10, 15, 20 μmol/L) inhibited the invasion and metastasis ability of 231 cells; Western Blot assay showed that compared with the control group (0 μmol/L UA), the protein expressions of MMP9 (1.07±0.03 vs 0.99±0.11, t=1.27, P>0.05), β-catenin (1.21±0.01 vs 0.99±0.07, t=5.47, P<0.05), N-cadherin (1.05±0.09 vs 0.90±0.03, t=2.65, P>0.05) at UA of 10 μmol/L; MMP9 (1.07±0.03 vs 0.79±0.09, t=5.26, P<0.001), β-catenin (1.21±0.01 vs 0.89±0.05, t=10.55, P<0.001), and N-cadherin (1.04±0.09 vs 0.68±0.10, t=4.59, P<0.05) at UA of 15 μmol/L; MMP9 (1.07±0.03 vs 0.52±0.07, t=12.50, P<0.001), β-catenin (1.21±0.01 vs 0.83±0.02, t=24.01, P<0.000 1) and N-cadherin (1.04±0.09 vs 0.49±0.11, t=6.70, P<0.01) at UA of 20 μmol/L. Interfering with ANXA6 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of 231 cells, and overexpression of ANXA6 promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of 231 cells. Western Blot assay showed that compared with the control group (KD-NC group), the protein expressions of MMP9 (1.07±0.01 vs 0.62±0.16, t=4.86, P<0.01), β-catenin (1.02±0.14 vs 0.64±0.15, t=3.20, P<0.05), N-cadherin (0.98±0.14 vs 0.67±0.12, t=2.85, P<0.05) were decreased expression; Compared with the control group (OE-NC group), the protein expressions of MMP9 (0.54±0.22 vs 1.06±0.08, t=3.90, P<0.05), β-catenin (0.92±0.07 vs 1.06±0.04, t=3.06, P<0.05) and N-cadherin (0.90±0.07 vs 1.06±0.01, t=3.75, P<0.05) were significantly increased. Interference with ANXA6 promoted the inhibitory effect of UA on the proliferation ability of 231 cells ( P<0.05). Overexpression of ANXA6 weakened the inhibitory effect of UA on the proliferation of 231 cells ( P<0.05).The results of immunohistochemistry assay showed that the expression level of ANXA6 in breast cancer tissue was significantly increased, and the expression of ANXA6 was related to tumor size ( P<0.05), but not to age, T stage, N stage, pathological grade, AJCC stage, ER, PR and E-cad. Conclusion:The expression level of ANXA6 in breast cancer tissues is increased, and UA can inhibit the growth, invasion and metastasis of 231 cells by down-regulating the expression of ANXA6.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of degenerative scoliosis.Methods:The clinical studies of OLIF in the treatment of degenerative scoliosis published up to May 2024 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Cobb's angle of coronal convexity, pelvic tilt (PT), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were extracted to compare the changes of the indexes before and after surgery. The methodological index for non-randomised studies (MINORS) was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. Stata 18.0 statistical software was used for the meta-analysis. When the heterogeneity between groups was small, the fixed-effect model was used for analysis, and when the heterogeneity between groups was large, the random-effect model was used for analysis.Results:A total of 152 patients from 7 articles were included in the meta-analysis, including 3 in Chinese and 4 in English, with MINORS scores ranging from 17 to 22. Meta-analysis showed that OLIF for treating degenerative scoliosis was effective in reducing postoperative VAS score [ SMD=-4.74, 95% CI(-5.26, -4.21), P<0.001], ODI [ SMD=-6.21, 95% CI(-8.02, -4.41), P<0.001], coronal plane scoliosis Cobb angle[ SMD=-2.50, 95% CI(-3.22, -1.78), P<0.001], PT [ SMD=-0.73, 95% CI(-1.14, -0.33), P<0.001], and SVA [ SMD=-1.01, 95% CI(-1.75, -0.28), P=0.007], and significantly improved postoperative LL [ SMD=1.16, 95% CI(0.65, 1.68), P<0.001]. Conclusion:OLIF for treating degenerative scoliosis can effectively relieve pain, improve spinal function, and correct coronal facet scoliosis deformity.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of ursolic acid (UA) in inhibiting the growth and metastasis of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (“231”) cells by downregulating ANXA6.Methods:This study conducted relevant in vitro cytology and molecular biology experiments in the Department of Clinical Laboratory and Central Laboratory of Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2023 to August 2024. Human breast cancer 231 cells were cultured in vitro, and the effects of different concentrations of UA on the proliferation and invasion and metastasis of 231 cells were detected by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Western Blot was used to detect the effect of UA on the expression of ANXA6 and invasion and metastasis-related proteins MMP9, β-catenin and N-cadherin in 231 cells. The 231 cells that interfered with and overexpressed ANXA6 were constructed by lentivirus transfection to generate stable ANXA6 interfering and overexpressing 231 cells, which were divided into 231/KD-ANXA6 group, 231/KD-NC group, 231/OE-ANXA6 group, and 231/OE-NC group. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation activity, invasion and metastasis ability of 231 cells after interference and overexpression of ANXA6 and the effect of UA on the proliferation ability of 231 cells after interference and overexpression of ANXA6. Western Blot and RT-PCR assays were used to detect the expression of invasion and migration biomarkers such as MMP9, β-catenin, and N-cadherin in 231 cells after interference and overexpression of ANXA6. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression level of ANXA6 in breast cancer tissues, and the relationship between ANXA6 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer was analyzed.Results:The CCK-8 assay results showed that compared with the control group (0 μmol/L UA, 100.00%±7.37%), the proliferative activity of 231 cells at UA concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μmol/L (90.23%±1.76%, t=2.24, P<0.05; 85.19%±4.23%, t=3.02, P<0.05; 65.45%±0.35%, t=8.11, P<0.01; 37.79%±0.98%, t=14.50, P<0.001; 18.18%±0.15%, t=19.23, P<0.001) were significantly decreased. Furthermore, UA (10, 15, 20 μmol/L) inhibited the invasion and metastasis ability of 231 cells; Western Blot assay showed that compared with the control group (0 μmol/L UA), the protein expressions of MMP9 (1.07±0.03 vs 0.99±0.11, t=1.27, P>0.05), β-catenin (1.21±0.01 vs 0.99±0.07, t=5.47, P<0.05), N-cadherin (1.05±0.09 vs 0.90±0.03, t=2.65, P>0.05) at UA of 10 μmol/L; MMP9 (1.07±0.03 vs 0.79±0.09, t=5.26, P<0.001), β-catenin (1.21±0.01 vs 0.89±0.05, t=10.55, P<0.001), and N-cadherin (1.04±0.09 vs 0.68±0.10, t=4.59, P<0.05) at UA of 15 μmol/L; MMP9 (1.07±0.03 vs 0.52±0.07, t=12.50, P<0.001), β-catenin (1.21±0.01 vs 0.83±0.02, t=24.01, P<0.000 1) and N-cadherin (1.04±0.09 vs 0.49±0.11, t=6.70, P<0.01) at UA of 20 μmol/L. Interfering with ANXA6 inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of 231 cells, and overexpression of ANXA6 promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of 231 cells. Western Blot assay showed that compared with the control group (KD-NC group), the protein expressions of MMP9 (1.07±0.01 vs 0.62±0.16, t=4.86, P<0.01), β-catenin (1.02±0.14 vs 0.64±0.15, t=3.20, P<0.05), N-cadherin (0.98±0.14 vs 0.67±0.12, t=2.85, P<0.05) were decreased expression; Compared with the control group (OE-NC group), the protein expressions of MMP9 (0.54±0.22 vs 1.06±0.08, t=3.90, P<0.05), β-catenin (0.92±0.07 vs 1.06±0.04, t=3.06, P<0.05) and N-cadherin (0.90±0.07 vs 1.06±0.01, t=3.75, P<0.05) were significantly increased. Interference with ANXA6 promoted the inhibitory effect of UA on the proliferation ability of 231 cells ( P<0.05). Overexpression of ANXA6 weakened the inhibitory effect of UA on the proliferation of 231 cells ( P<0.05).The results of immunohistochemistry assay showed that the expression level of ANXA6 in breast cancer tissue was significantly increased, and the expression of ANXA6 was related to tumor size ( P<0.05), but not to age, T stage, N stage, pathological grade, AJCC stage, ER, PR and E-cad. Conclusion:The expression level of ANXA6 in breast cancer tissues is increased, and UA can inhibit the growth, invasion and metastasis of 231 cells by down-regulating the expression of ANXA6.

Objective To compare differences in the pharmacological activities of Angelica sinensis and its components on hematopoietic and laxative effects.Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into eight groups,with 12 mice in each group consisting of equal numbers of males and females.These groups included a normal group,a model group,a positive group,a Angelica sinensis(AS)group,an Angelica sinensis water-soluble(AW)group,an Ethanol extract of Angelicae sinensis(AE)group,and an Angelica sinensis essential oil(AO)group.Except for the normal group,all other groups were established as blood deficiency constipation mouse models through subcutaneous injection of N-acetylphenylhydrazine combined with oral administration of loperamide hydrochloride.On the 7th day of modeling,each group received oral administration of the respective test substance once daily for three consecutive days.General condition and body weight changes of the mice were observed,peripheral blood cells were counted,stool morphology and fecal output were recorded,fecal moisture content and colonic tissue moisture content were determined,small intestine propulsion rate was assessed by a charcoal meal method,and serum levels of β-endorphin(β-EP),cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8),substance P(SP),and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)were determined by ELISA.Differences in the pharmacological activities of Angelica sinensis and its components on hematopoietic and laxative effects were analyzed.Results Compared with the normal group,model group mice showed significantly reduced white blood cell(WBC),red blood cell(RBC),hemoglobin(HGB),hematocrit(HCT),and platelet(PLT)counts,and body weight(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Additionally,fecal moisture content,colon moisture content,and small intestine propulsion rate were decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01)and serum CCK-8 and SP levels were also lower(P＜0.01),while serum β-EP and VIP levels increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,AS and AW groups had higher WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,and PLT counts,defecation volume,fecal moisture content,and colon moisture content(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The AE group showed increased WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,and PLT counts,and colon moisture content(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but defecation volume and fecal moisture content were not significantly altered.The AO group exhibited increased fecal moisture content,colon moisture content,and defecation volume(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),but no significant changes in WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,and PLT counts.The AE group showed no significant changes in defecation volume,fecal moisture content,and colon moisture content.The AS and AO groups had increased small intestine propulsion rates(P＜0.01),while there was no significant difference in small intestine propulsion rate between the AW and AE groups.The AS group had elevated serum CCK-8 and SP levels(P＜0.01)and decreased serum β-EP and VIP levels(P＜0.01).The AO group had increased serum CCK-8 and SP levels(P＜0.05),but no significant change in serum β-EP and VIP levels.The AW group had decreased serum VIP levels(P＜0.05),but no statistically significant difference in serum CCK-8 and SP levels.Compared with the AS group,the AW group had higher WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,and PLT counts,while the AO and AE groups had lower levels of these parameters(P＜0.05).Both AW and AO groups had increased fecal moisture content(P＜0.05),and both AW and AE groups had increased colon moisture content(P＜0.05).AO,AE,and AW groups had elevated serum CCK-8 and SP levels and decreased serum β-EP and VIP levels(P＜0.05).In summary,the groups were ordered as follows:AE＞AO＞AS＞AW in terms of blood replenishment,AO＞AS＞AW＞AE in terms of promoting bowel movements,and AO＞AS＞AE＞AW in terms of intestinal motility.Conclusions Angelica sinensis and its components have varying degrees of blood replenishing and bowel-promoting activities.The AE component has strong blood replenishing activity,while the AO component has strong bowel-promoting and defecation-stimulating activity.These findings provide a reference for the development of traditional Chinese medicines based on Angelica sinensis components.