Objective:To investigate the awareness of medical staff on pharmacovigilance and the current situation of the construction of pharmacovigilance system in medical institutions.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was sent to medical institutions in China through Professional Committee on Pharmacovigilance Research, China Society for Drug Regulation in the form of Wechat, and medical staff participated voluntarily. The contents of the questionnaire included 23 questions in 4 dimensions, including the basic information of the respondents, their understanding of the concept and regulations of pharmacovigilance, the management of pharmacovigilance, and the reporting and feedback of adverse drug reactions(ADRs)/events in their medical institutions. The survey time was from August 18, 2023 to October 18, 2023. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed descriptively.Results:The collected questionnaires were from medical institutions in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, with a total of over 100 questionnaires collected in each region. A total of 10 991 medical staff participated in the survey, including 5 504 pharmacists, 2 120 doctors, and 3 367 nurses. Among them, 10 131 (92.18%) respondents had heard of pharmacovigilance, 4 511 (41.04%) had participated in pharmacovigilance-related works, 9 368 respondents (86.41%) answered that the ADRs monitoring and management system had been established in medical institutions where they worked, 8 186 respondents (75.51%) answered that leading group for pharmacovigilance (including ADRs monitoring) had been set up in the medical institutions where they worked, 8 605 respondents (79.37%) answered that the pharmacovigilance works was managed by special personnel in the institutions where they worked, 7 859 (72.49%) answered that there were liaison officers in the clinical departments where they worked, 6 043 (55.74%) answered that the individuals would be rewarded for reporting ADRs, 4 809 (44.36%) answered that pharmacovigilance had been included in the daily works and assessment indicators of the departments, and 5 351 (49.36%) answered that reports of ADRs were reviewed by special personnel. Active reporting by medical staff was the main collection channel of ADRs, 3 391 (31.28%) answered they had actively captured ADRs from the hospital information system, and 7 728 (71.28%) answered they had reported ADRs through the hospital information system, 10 061 (92.81%) answered that the monitoring results of ADRs would be regularly fed back in the hospitals where they worked, and 6 239 (57.55%) answered that regular training on pharmacovigilance for all medical staff would be provided in the institutions where they worked.Conclusions:Medical staff have generally heard of pharmacovigilance and are aware of the national pharmacovigilance system, but they still have insufficient understanding of the concept and regulations of pharmacovigilance. The degree of participating in pharmacovigilance works of medical staff in different regions are different. The monitoring and management of ADRs could be paid attention to in the most medical institutions, but the degree of improvement of pharmacovigilance system in different levels of medical institutions is different.

The synthetic PDCoV N protein gene was optimized and cloned into the pET-30a vector to obtain the pET-30a-N plasmid.Thenthe recombinant plasmid was transformed into three strains of BL21 E.coli using heat-shock to explore protein expression conditions.The expressed proteins was purified using Ni Focurose 6FF(IMAC)and used as antigen to immunize the New Zealand White rabbit to prepare the polyclonal antibody against the PDCoV N protein.The antibody titer was measured by indirect ELISA method.The specificity for the antibody was identified by West-ern blot and indirect immunofluorescence(IFA).The results showed that the pET-30a-N plasmid showed high expression level in BL21 StarTM(DE 3).The optimal expression condition was 37 ℃ 4 h.The purity of the target protein could reach 90.3％after purification.Indirect ELISA showed that the antibody titers was up to 1∶204 800.Western blot and IFA showed that the produced rabbit polyclonal antibody exhibited good specificity.In conclusion,the polyclonal antibody was prepared which specifically recognized the PDCoV N proteins.The results provided some references for the subsequent exploration of PDCoV N protein function and laid a foundation for establishing a diag-nostic method for PDCoV.

Objective:To understand the pathogen distribution characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) in hospitalized children in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Center for Chlidren's Health, Capital Medical University from 2019 to 2023, and to analyze their epidemiological features.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted, including 5 558 children aged 0-18 years who were hospitalized and diagnosed with ALRTI in the respiratory department of Capital Center for Chlidren's Health, Capital Medical University from December 8, 2019, to December 31, 2023. Nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens were collected for pathogen detection.Results:Among the 5 558 ALRTI hospitalized children, the positive detection rate of pathogens was 81.81% (4 547/5 558). In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens, Mycoplasma pneumoniae had the highest detection rate (33.52%), while Streptococcus pneumoniae had the highest detection rate (24.38%) in upper respiratory tract specimens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (54.21%, χ2=1 034.58, P<0.001) and adenovirus (5.09%, χ2=10.84, P=0.013) were most common in school-age children, human rhinovirus was more common in toddlers (26.42%, χ2=122.36, P<0.001), and respiratory syncytial virus had the highest infection rate in infants (28.61%, χ2=326.47, P<0.001). A total of 52.06% of the children had mixed infections (2 367/4 547), with the highest proportion of mixed infections in infants (62.54%). During the post- non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) period, the proportions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (69.88% vs. 58.16%), human rhinovirus (30.37% vs. 14.02%), adenovirus (51.16% vs. 6.45%), influenza A virus (36.46% vs. 16.67%), and mixed infections (33.33% vs. 19.04%) in school-age children were significantly higher than during the NPIs period. In contrast, the proportions of respiratory syncytial virus (33.19% vs. 19.42%), adenovirus (11.29% vs. 4.65%), and mixed infections (17.75% vs. 10.89%) in infants were significantly lower than during the NPIs period. Conclusion:NPIs have changed the detection rate and epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children. After the end of NPIs, outbreaks of some pathogens may occur, so it is necessary to strengthen rapid pathogen detection, population surveillance, and health education.

Objective:This study explored the effect of nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin on the highly expressed multidrug resistance gene 1 （MDR1） in a human low-differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line （CNE2）. Methods:Curcumin/chitosan deoxycholic acid nanoparticles were prepared, and the cells were subjected to different treatments: radiotherapy, empty carriers, curcumin, and curcumin-loaded nanoparticles. Cell survival was analyzed using the clonogenic assay, and assessments of apoptosis, MDR1 levels, and miR593 levels were conducted. Results:The cell survival fractions in the curcumin group and the curcumin-loaded nanoparticles group were significantly reduced. Notably, higher apoptosis rates were observed in cells treated with curcumin or curcumin-loaded nanoparticles compared to those that received only radiotherapy. Moreover, a decreased MDR1 level was noted in both the curcumin group and the curcumin-loaded nanoparticles group, with further reduction in MDR1 expression observed in the nanoparticle group （P<0.05）. Enhanced expression of miR593 was found in the curcumin group and the curcumin-loaded nanoparticles group, with a relatively higher level in the nanoparticle group （P<0.05）. Curcumin encapsulated in nanoparticles exhibited a stronger radiosensitizing effect. The combination of curcumin and radiotherapy effectively inhibited nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） tumor growth, suppressed MDR1 expression, and enhanced miR593 levels. After inhibiting miR593, MDR1 expression increased. The radiosensitizing effect of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles was regulated by miR593 rather than being triggered by MDR1. Conclusion:Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles mediated enhanced expression of miR593, which in turn inhibited the transcription and translation of the MDR1 gene, thereby reducing the radioresistance of NPC and effectively restraining its growth.
Humans ; Curcumin/pharmacology* ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nanoparticles ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; MicroRNAs ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism* ; Cell Survival

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a prevalent malignancy that afflicts the head and neck area and presents a high incidence of metastasis and invasion. Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are essential for enhancing the quality of life and the survival rates of TSCC patients. The current treatment modalities for TSCC frequently suffer from a lack of specificity and efficacy. Nanoparticles with diagnostic and photothermal therapeutic properties may offer a new approach for the targeted therapy of TSCC. However, inadequate accumulation of photosensitizers at the tumor site diminishes the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT). This study modified gold nanodots (AuNDs) with the TSCC-targeting peptide HN-1 to improve the selectivity and therapeutic effects of PTT. The Au-HN-1 nanosystem effectively targeted the TSCC cells and was rapidly delivered to the tumor tissues compared to the AuNDs. The enhanced accumulation of photosensitizing agents at tumor sites achieved significant PTT effects in a mouse model of TSCC. Moreover, owing to its stable long-term fluorescence and high X-ray attenuation coefficient, the Au-HN-1 nanosystem can be used for fluorescence and computed tomography imaging of TSCC, rendering it useful for early tumor detection and accurate delineation of surgical margins. In conclusion, Au-HN-1 represents a promising nanomedicine for imaging-based diagnosis and targeted PTT of TSCC.
Tongue Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging* ; Animals ; Gold/chemistry* ; Mice ; Photothermal Therapy/methods* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Metal Nanoparticles ; Humans ; Cell Line, Tumor

Objective:To evaluate the effect of arctigenin (ARG) on cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anesthesia in aged rats and the role of autophagy-mediated pyroptosis.Methods:Fifty SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 18-20 months, weighing 550-600 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), sevoflurane anesthesia group (Sev group), sevoflurane anesthesia+ ARG group (Sev+ ARG group), sevoflurane anesthesia+ autophagy inducer rapamycin group (Sev+ RAPA group), and sevoflurane anesthesia+ ARG+ autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group (Sev+ ARG+ 3-MA group). Except for group C, the rats in the other groups inhaled 6% sevoflurane for 3 h to establish the cognitive impairment model. At 30 min before anesthesia, ARG 20 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in Sev+ ARG group, rapamycin 7.5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in Sev+ RAPA group, and ARG 20 mg/kg (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) was intraperitoneally injected, followed by immediate intraperitoneal injection of 3-MA 1.5 mg/kg in Sev+ ARG+ 3-MA group. The equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide was intraperitoneally injected in C group and Sev group. The Morris water maze test was conducted to assess the cognitive function at 48 h after the end of administration. After completion of the Morris water maze test, the hippocampal tissue was taken under deep anesthesia for observation of the pathological changes (after HE staining) which were scored and for determination of neuronal pyroptosis (after propidium iodide staining) and expression of neuronal autophagy-related proteins (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 [LC3], Beclin-1, p62), pyroptosis-related proteins (NOD-like receptor protein 3 [NLRP3], apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD [ASC], pro-cysteine aspartate-specific protease 1 [pro-caspase-1], cleaved-caspase-1, gasdermin D [GSDMD], and N-terminal fragment of gasdermin D [GSDMD-N], interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and IL-18). Results:Compared with C group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the hippocampal injury score and neuronal pyroptosis rate were increased, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was decreased, the expression of Beclin-1 was down-regulated, the expression of p62, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 was up-regulated, and the cleaved-caspase-1/pro-caspase-1 ratio and GSDMD-N/GSDMD ratio were increased in Sev group ( P<0.05). Compared with Sev group, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, the hippocampal injury score and neuronal pyroptosis rate were decreased, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was increased, the expression of Beclin-1 was up-regulated, the expression of p62, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 was down-regulated, and the cleaved-caspase-1/pro-caspase-1 ratio and GSDMD-N/GSDMD ratio were decreased in Sev+ ARG group and Sev+ RAPA group ( P<0.05). Compared with Sev+ ARG group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the hippocampal injury score and neuronal pyroptosis rate were increased, LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio was decreased, the expression of Beclin-1 was down-regulated, the expression of p62, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β and IL-18 was up-regulated, and the cleaved-caspase-1/pro-caspase-1 ratio and GSDMD-N/GSDMD ratio were increased in Sev+ ARG+ 3-MA group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:AGR can alleviate sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats, and the mechanism is related to reduction of autophagy-mediated cell pyroptosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical application of computed tomography angiography(CTA)in preoperative planning for laparoscopic radical resection of cancer procedures.Methods Clinical data of 120 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer from January 2021 to February 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them,60 patients underwent routine abdominal CT and CTA,while the other 60 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Pathological findings were used as the gold standard to determine the consistency of CTA in clinical T staging and actual results,as well as its accuracy in evaluating whether the tumor invaded the mesenteric blood vessels and surrounding tissues.Results Using pathological findings as the gold standard,preoperative CTA demonstrated 95.00%diagnostic accuracy(57/60)for T-staging,showing excellent agreement(Kappa=0.925,P<0.05).The preoperative MRI successfully diagnosed 98.33%(59/60)in determining the T staging of colon cancer.There was no significant difference in the number of cases detected by CTA and MRI(χ2=0.26,P>0.05).CTA predicted whether the tumor involved important blood vessels such as superior mesenteric artery,superior mesenteric vein,inferior mesenteric artery,inferior mesenteric vein,as well as surrounding tissues such as abdominal aorta,renal artery,renal vein and splenic artery,which was in good agreement with postoperative pathological results.Especially in predicting mesenteric vascular involvement,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of CTA were 94.44%,95.83%and 95.00%,respectively.Conclusion Preoperative CTA for patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer not only provides clear visualization of T-staging,but also reveals mesenteric vascular anatomy/variants and defines tumor relationships with surrounding structures.This comprehensive assessment offers robust support for surgical planning,enhances laparoscopic procedure safety,and reduces avoidable operative risks.

BACKGROUND:Spinal cord injury is a serious neurological disease that often results in severe neurological impairment. Oxidative stress is an important link in the pathological process after spinal cord injury,leading to neuronal cell death and loss of function. In recent years,natural products have shown potential application values in the treatment of oxidative stress after spinal cord injury due to their wide range of sources,diverse structures and rich biological activities. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the therapeutic effects of some natural products on oxidative stress after spinal cord injury and the related mechanisms,in order to provide new ideas and directions for antioxidant therapy of spinal cord injury. METHODS:"Spinal cord injury,oxidative stress,anti-oxidation,natural products,natural compounds,polyphenols" were used as the English and Chinese keywords in PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane,VIP,CBM,WanFang,and CNKI databases to search relevant articles published from database inception to May 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed,and 97 relevant articles were selected by reading titles,abstracts,and full texts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Natural products such as polyphenols can directly scavenge oxidative free radicals by the phenol hydroxyl group in their structure,and alleviate oxidative stress after spinal cord injury. Some natural products can enhance the activity of relevant antioxidant enzymes in vivo and reduce oxidative stress by regulating certain signal transduction pathways. Some natural products can reduce oxidative stress after spinal cord injury by enhancing autophagy. The use of natural products to regulate oxidative stress may become an effective tool for the future clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.

Objectives:To investigate the relationship between locations of ventricular septal perforation and 30-day prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation.Methods:Clinical data of 150 acute myocardial infarction patients with ventricular septal perforation admitted to Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2009 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the difference in 30-day survival rate among patients with different sites of ventricular septal perforation.The impact of locations of ventricular septal perforation on 30-day prognosis of acute myocardial infarction patients was evaluated by multivariate Cox regression analysis(forward stepwise).Results:In acute myocardial infarction patients,the occurrence of anterior ventricular septal perforation was higher than that of posterior ventricular septal perforation(79.5%vs.20.5%,P<0.001).In the anterior ventricular septal perforation patients,females were more common(50.0%vs.22.6%,P=0.006),the blood glucose level was higher([10.51±5.99]mmol/L vs.[8.02±2.81]mmol/L,P=0.026),the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was smaller([50.7±6.1]mm vs.[55.1±5.0]mm,P<0.001),the ventricular septal aperture was also smaller([9.8±4.6]mm vs.[12.6±5.4]mm,P=0.004),30-day mortality was higher(55.8%vs.35.5%,P=0.043)compared with posterior ventricular septal perforation patients.Multivariate Cox regression analysis(forward stepwise)showed that no transthoracic surgery or transcatheter closure(HR=26.344,95%CI:8.261-84.009,P<0.001)and anterior ventricular septal perforation(HR=2.432,95%CI:1.281-4.619,P=0.007)were associated with increased risk of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation.Conclusions:In patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular septal perforation,the incidence of anterior ventricular septal perforation is higher than posterior ventricular septal perforation and the 30-day all-cause mortality of anterior ventricular septal perforation patients is also higher.No transthoracic surgery or transcatheter closure and anterior ventricular septal perforation are the independent influential factors of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction and ventricular septal perforation.

Objective To explore related factors of intra-amniotic infection(IAI)during the delivery period in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),and to analyze the predictive value of these related factors for IAI.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 360 GDM pregnant women,including 120 cases with IAI(IAI group)and 240 pregnant women with GDM who did not develop IAI(control group).Clinical data,fetal monitoring during labor,placental pathology,pregnancy outcomes and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)results were collected for both groups.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to investigate influencing factors of IAI.The predictive value of combined HbA1c levels,parity and rupture time for IAI was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Results In the IAI group,the proportion of primigravida,first-time delivery,artificial rupture of membranes,oxytocin use,rupture time and HbA1c levels were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The IAI group had a smaller gestational age at delivery,higher rates of forceps-assisted delivery,cesarean section and amniotic fluid contamination(P＜0.05).In the IAI group,the proportion of abnormal intrapartum baseline fetal heart rate and the incidence of late decelerations were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while the incidence of variable deceleration and the proportion of category Ⅱ fetal heart rate monitoring were lower in the IAI group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in baseline variability or acceleration of fetal heart rate between the two groups(P＞0.05).The proportions of mild neonatal asphyxia and neonatal transfer to intensive care were high in the IAI group than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression showed that elevated HbA1c levels(OR=3.342,95%CI:1.539-7.257)and prolonged rupture time(OR=1.001,95%CI:1.000-1.001)were independent risk factors for IAI in GDM pregnant women,while multiparity was a protective factor(OR=0.113,95%CI:0.046-0.278).The AUC for predicting IAI during labor by combining HbA1c,parity and rupture time was 0.819(95%CI:0.772-0.865),with a sensitivity of 0.742 and specificity of 0.767.Conclusion HbA1c levels,rupture time and parity are independent influencing factors for IAI during labor in pregnant women with GDM.The combination of these three factors has high clinical value in predicting IAI in GDM patients.