Objective To analyze and summarize the real-life experiences of cancer patients using infusion ports both domestically and internationally. Methods Literatures were searched in the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global (PQDT), CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP, and China Biology Medicine up to May 1, 2023. After rigorous evaluation of the retrieved literature, the themes related to the real-life experiences of cancer patients with infusion ports were analyzed and synthesized. Results A total of 13 articles were included, with 6 in Chinese and 7 in English. From these, 64 findings were extracted, comprehensively categorized into 7 groups, and further consolidated into 3 main results: diverse needs across different stages of cancer patients with infusion ports, dynamically intertwined positive and negative psychological states in response to encountered events, and the establishment of a new normal in life experiences for cancer patients with infusion ports. Conclusion Clinical nurses should recognize and address the varying needs of cancer patients with implantable venous access ports at different stages, strengthen their positive experiences, alleviate their negative experiences, assist in adapting to life with implantable venous access ports, improve the quality of nursing services, and enhance patients' sense of happiness.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a sensitivity test method for geometric correction position deviation of cone-beam CT systems. METHODS: We proposed the definition of center deviation and its derivation. We analyzed the influence of the variation of the three-dimensional spatial center of the steel ball point, the projection center and the size of the steel ball point on the deviation of geometric parameters and the reconstructed image results by calculating the geometric correction parameters based on the Noo analytical method using the FDK reconstruction algorithm for image reconstruction. RESULTS: The radius of the steel ball point was within 3 mm. The deviation of the center of the calibration parameter was within the order of magnitude and negligible. A 10% Gaussian perturbation of a single pixel in the 3D spatial coordinates of the steel ball point produced a deviation of about 3 pixel sizes, while the same Gaussian perturbation of the 2D projection coordinates of the steel ball point produced a deviation of about 2 pixel sizes. CONCLUSION The geometric correction is more sensitive to the deviation generated by the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the steel ball point with limited sensitivity to the deviation generated by the two-dimensional projection coordinates of the steel ball point. The deviation sensitivity of a small diameter steel ball point can be ignored.
Algorithms ; Calibration ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Steel

Objective:To investigate the application and effect of the virtual reality (VR) combined with the augmented reality (AR) integrated teaching system in stomatology general medical education of clinical medicine students.Methods:A total of 160 undergraduates from the five-year clinical medicine Batch 2015 of Naval Medical University were randomly divided into VR+AR group and traditional group, with 80 students in each group. A comparative analysis was made on the previous and teaching achievements of the two groups of students, and a questionnaire survey was conducted after the completion of the class. Epidata 3.0 was used to input questionnaire data, and SPSS 23.0 software was used to carry out t test, chi-square test and Fisher precision test. Results:There was no statistical difference in written test scores between the VR+AR group and the traditional group [(52.65±3.76) vs. (51.90±3.46), P=0.516], but the VR+AR group was significantly higher than the traditional group in case analysis scores [(35.85±2.56) vs. (31.40±2.96), P < 0.001] and overall performance [(88.50±4.95) vs. (83.30±4.86), P= 0.002]. The questionnaire survey results showed that the scores of "teaching mode" [(92.30±6.90) vs. (85.20±7.30), P<0.001], "teaching method" [(91.70±5.90) vs. (86.00±6.70), P=0.012] and "teaching improvement" [(90.70± 8.70) vs. (82.30±8.40), P<0.001] in VR + AR group were significantly higher than those in the traditional teaching group. Conclusion:The VR combined with AR integrated teaching system can significantly improve teaching performance and teaching quality, and is convenient for teaching demonstrations and simulation operations in small oral spaces, and is especially suitable for oral general medical education for clinical medicine.

Objective To investigate the regulatory mechanism of Paraquat (PQ)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the protective mechanism of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in PQ-induced A549 cells by EMT markers (E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin).Methods EMT model was established by 30 μmol/L PQ-exposed A549 cells for 4 d.The application of 10 mmol/L NAC was incubated with A549 cells for 2 h in advance.Morphological changes of A549 cells were observed under light microscope.Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of TGF-β1,E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin.Results In PQ-induced EMT model,the PQ group showed typical morphological changes,and the cells changed from cobblestone-like epithelial appearance to spindle-shaped mesenchymal-like appearance compared to the control group.Westem blotting showed that the protein levels of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in the PQ group were significantly increased and the protein levels of E-cadherin were decreased in the PQ group (all P＜0.05).NAC preincubation can effectively reverse the above changes caused by PQ exposure:the protein levels of E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly increased and decreased,respectively and morphological changes showed more cobblestonelike epithelial appearance.Conclusion Cell experiments showed that PQ exposure can cause EMT in epithelial cells,and NAC has a protective effect in this process.Thus,it may provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis caused by PQ poisoning in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for strengthening the construction of retail pharmacy pharmacists and ensure safe and rational use of drugs.  METHODS： A simple random sampling method was used to determine 18 cities （counties） in Guizhou province as survey sites to visits all retail drugstores one by one. According to the Pharmacist Pharmaceutical Care Competency Evaluation Standard（Trail） issued by the Chinese Pharmacists Association， questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted with licensed pharmacists in Guizhou province’s retail pharmacies， and multiple linear regressions were conducted on the factors affecting the pharmacy’s pharmaceutical care competency.  RESULTS： A total of 943 retail pharmacies in Guizhou province were visited， and 270 licensed pharmacists were investigated. The total self-assessment score of pharmaceutical care competence was （79.62±11.23）， with 11.5％ of undergraduate education and above， and 53.0％ of pharmacy related majors. Among self-assessment score of pharmaceutical care competency， score of basic knowledge item such as foreign language knowledge， statistical knowledge and computer knowledge was the lowest， followed by clinical thinking ability and drug treatment evaluation ability. The results of multiple linear regression showed that age had significant influence on the scores of basic skills and professional knowledge. The influence of academic qualifications on personal accomplishment， basic knowledge， basic skills， professional knowledge and professional skills score was statistically significant； the influence of professional and technical positions on total score， personal accomplishment， basic skills and professional skills score was statistically significant （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： The overall educational level of licensed pharmacists in Guizhou retail pharmacies is low and their professional level is limited. It is suggested that the supervision of licensed pharmacists should be strengthened and the access conditions of licensed pharmacists should be improved； the education and training of professional competency of licensed pharmacists in pharmaceutical care should be strengthened， the functional orientation of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies should be clarified， and public safety and rational drug use should be effectively guaranteed.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of preoperative-, postoperative-radiotherapy and surgery for preserving laryngeal function in patient over 70 years of age with medial wall pyriform sinus cancer. Methods: Clinical data of 48 patients over 70 years of age with medial wall pyriform sinus cancer who received surgical treatment from January 2001 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 21 cases were given preoperative radiotherapy and surgery (R+ S). The radiation therapy dose was 45 Gy. And 14 cases′ larynx is preserved. In addition, 27 cases were given postoperative radiotherapy and surgery (S+ R). The radiation therapy dose was 65 Gy. And 10 cases had preserved laryngeal function. Survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Chi-square test was used to compare complications between two groups. Results: The larynx preservation rate in R+ S group [66.7% (14/21)] was significantly higher than that in S+ R group [37.0% (10/27), P<0.05]. The complication rate and decannulation rate in R+ S group were 42.9% (9/21) and 64.3% (9/14), respectively, showing no difference compared with those in S+ R group [37.0% (10/27) and 50.0% (5/10), respectively] (all P>0.05). The complication rates of patients with and without larynx preservation were 41.7% (10/24) and 37.5% (9/24), respectively, showing no difference between two groups (P>0.05). The overall 3-years and 5-years survival rates for all patients were 54.2% (26/48) and 35.4% (17/48), respectively. There was no significant difference in survival rates between R+ S [38.1% (8/21)] group and S+ R group [33.3% (9/27), P>0.05)]. In the R+ S group, the survival rates in patients with and without larynx preservation were 40.0% (4/10) and 29.4% (5/17), respectively, showing no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions It is secure and effective to choose the operation with laryngeal preservation for patient over 70 years of age with medial wall pyriform sinus cancer based on their physical conditions and the tumor extension. The preoperative- and postoperative-radiotherapy have the similar effect. Preoperative radiotherapy and surgery increases the laryngeal preservation rate.

Objective To determine the incidence of breast cancer?related lymphedema ( BCRL) in China and to analyze the associated risk factors. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and the incidence of BCRL in 281 patients who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer and received surgery. The incidence of BCRL was evaluated using arm circumference measurement and Norman questionnaire. The risk factors for lymphedema were analyzed using chi?square test and logistic regression model. Results In all patients,the incidence rates of BCRL determined by arm circumference measurement and Norman questionnaire were 31?7% and 27?0%, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that postoperative radiotherapy,a preoperative body mass index no less than 24 kg/m2 ,a large axillary lymph node dissection area,and a large number of positive axillary lymph nodes significantly increased the risk of BCRL (HR=2?87,P=0?042;HR=2?54,P=0?011;HR=1?97,P=0?037;HR=1?06,P=0?023). Moreover, patients with breast cancer and hypertension had 1?74?fold higher risk of BCRL than those with normal blood pressure. Conclusions The incidence of BCRL is still very high. However,most of patients only have mild edema. Postoperative radiotherapy, a large axillary lymph node dissection area, a large number of positive axillary lymph nodes,a high preoperative body mass index,and hypertension are risk factors for BCRL.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the further standardization of biological products injection for treatment in-structions. METHODS:32 biological products injection for treatment instructions collected from Ma’anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Ma’anshan Central Hospital during Jan. to Jun. in 2015. The information of marked item was summa-rized and analyzed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Among 32 biological products injection for treatment instructions, the mark rates of drug names,main ingredients,character,indications,specification,usage and dosage,package,term of validity,opera-tive norm,license number,manufacturing enterprise and other items all reached 100%. Although the mark rates of ADR,contrain-dication,precaution,drug use of pregnant women and nursing mothers,drug interactions,pharmacokinetics,drug use of the elder-ly,storage and other items were relatively high,but some items lacked the specific description of the content. The mark rates of drug use of children,drug overdose,toxicology,warnings,clinical trial were 56.25%,62.50%,59.38%,37.50% and 18.75%. Some biological products injection for treatment instructions are not revised timely and not complete in content and non-standard in writing,which can not meet the needs that clinical pharmacists and patients get enough drug safety information from instructions. Manufacturing enterprise is suggested to label the content of package inserts completely,verify and supplement related content, standardize and improve the instructions.

Amyloidosis ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of preserving laryngeal function for senile hypopharyngeal cancer patientsolder than 65. METHOD: The clinical data of 58 surgery cases of senile hypopharyngeal cancer patients more than 65 years old were colleted and analyzed. Thirty-one cases preserved the laryngeal function, while the rest did not. Perfect preoperative preparation was done before surgery. Surgical resection specimens were sent to frozen-section examination. When the negative incisal margin was confirmed, the defect was repaired by the appilication of local stitching, ribbon muscle flap, major myocutaneous flaps, split thickness skin and replacement of esophagus by stomach. Radical radiotherapy was used after surgery. Survival rate was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Chi-square test was used to compare complications of the two groups. RESULT: The 3 years and 5 years survival rate for all cases were 48.3% (28/58) and 27.6% (16/58), respectively. For patients with laryngeal function preservation, the 3 years and 5 years survival rate were 51.6% (16/31), 29.0% (9/31), respectively. For cases without laryngeal function preservation, the 3 years survival rate and 5 years survival rate were 44.4% (12/ 27), 25.9% (7/27), respectively. The result showed no obvious difference in survival rate between two groups (P > 0.05). Surgery complication rate were 45.2% (14/31) and 40.7% (11/27), without obvious differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION It is feasible for senile hypopharyngeal cancer patients to choose suitable operation based on their physical conditions and the tumor extension. The key issues include well perioperative treatment management, correct indications grasp, and intraoperative repair skills improvement.
Aged ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Larynx ; Survival Rate