Hepatic sinusoidal capillarization is the first event in the process of fibrogenesis， and inhibiting hepatic sinusoidal capillarization can effectively improve the pathological process of liver fibrosis. Various studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can significantly inhibit hepatic sinusoidal capillarization. This article systematically reviews the effective constituents， monomers， and compound prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine， summarizes their mechanism of action in inhibiting hepatic sinusoidal capillarization， and analyzes the theoretical core of traditional Chinese medicine in inhibiting hepatic sinusoidal capillarization from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine， in order to provide ideas and literature support for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

Objective To systematically evaluate the predictive models for re-admission in patients with heart failure (HF) in China. Methods Studies related to the risk prediction model for HF patient re-admission published in The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, and other databases were searched from their inception to April 30, 2024. The prediction model risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias and applicability of the included literature, relevant data were extracted to evaluate the model quality. Results Nineteen studies were included, involving a total of 38 predictive models for HF patient re-admission. Comorbidities such as diabetes, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide/brain natriuretic peptide, chronic renal insufficiency, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association cardiac function classification, and medication adherence were identified as primary predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.547 to 0.962. Thirteen studies conducted internal validation, one study conducted external validation, and five studies performed both internal and external validation. Seventeen studies evaluated model calibration, while five studies assessed clinical feasibility. The presentation of the models was primarily in the form of nomograms. All studies had a high overall risk of bias. Conclusion Most predictive models for HF patient re-admission in China demonstrate good discrimination and calibration. However, the overall research quality is suboptimal. There is a need to externally validate and calibrate existing models and develop more stable and clinically applicable predictive models to assess the risk of HF patient re-admission and identify relevant patients for early intervention.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

The development and validation of clinical prediction models based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning methods have become increasingly widespread. However, the prediction model bias risk and applicability evaluation tool developed in 2019 (i.e., PROBAST-2019) has shown significant limitations. Therefore, an expanded and updated version of the PROBAST-2019 tool was released in 2025, known as the PROBAST+AI tool. The tool is divided into two parts including model development and model evaluation. It aims to comprehensively and systematically evaluate potential methodological quality issues in model development, bias risks in model evaluation, and the applicability of models, regardless of the modeling method used. This paper provides a systematic interpretation of the PROBAST+AI tool's items and case analyses, with the aim of guiding and assisting researchers engaged in related studies and promoting the high-quality development of clinical predictive model research.

Objective:To investigate the role of mRNA expression in the pathogenesis of gout by analyzing the difference of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)among acute gouty(AG),intermittent gouty(IG)and health con-trols(HC).Methods:AG patients,IG patients and HC were enrolled in this study.RNA-seq and bioinformatics techniques were used to observe the differences of mRNA expression in PBMCs of different groups,and to explore the genes and signaling pathways as-sociated with gout attack.GO and KEGG databases were used to investigate the biological functions of differentially expressed genes and the relationship between genes and signaling pathways.Genes involved in the KEGG enriched PPAR signaling pathway(CYP27A1,ACSL1,CD36,PPARG,ANGPTL4,PLIN2)were validated in PBMCs from 35 patients with AG,35 patients with IG,and 35 normal healthy subjects using real-time PCR.Results:Compared with HC group,there were 222 significant differential genes in AG group,including 193 up-regulated genes and 29 down-regulated genes.GO analysis showed that the genes differentially ex-pressed in AG group were mainly enriched in the regulation of multicellular biological processes such as inflammation,trauma,and stress response and immune response regulation compared with HC group.However,KEGG analysis showed that the up-regulated genes in AG group were enriched in"Toll-like receptor signaling pathway""complement and coagulation cascades""PPAR signaling pathway""lipid and atherosclerosis""osteoclast differentiation""cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction""chemokine signaling path-way""IL-17 signaling pathway",and"cholesterol metabolism"compared with HC group.The results of PCR validation of related genes in the PPAR signaling pathway showed that the expression levels of ACSL1,CD36,PPARG,and PLIN2 in the AG group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the expression levels of CYP27A1 and ANGPTL4 in the AG group were not dif-ferent from those in the HC group(P>0.05).Conclusion:PPAR signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of AG,of which ACSL1,CD36,PPARG,and PLIN2 may be used as potential therapeutic targets for acute gouty arthritis;CYP27A1 and ANG-PTL4 may not be associated with the pathogenesis of AG.

Objective:To investigate the role of mRNA expression in the pathogenesis of gout by analyzing the difference of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)among acute gouty(AG),intermittent gouty(IG)and health con-trols(HC).Methods:AG patients,IG patients and HC were enrolled in this study.RNA-seq and bioinformatics techniques were used to observe the differences of mRNA expression in PBMCs of different groups,and to explore the genes and signaling pathways as-sociated with gout attack.GO and KEGG databases were used to investigate the biological functions of differentially expressed genes and the relationship between genes and signaling pathways.Genes involved in the KEGG enriched PPAR signaling pathway(CYP27A1,ACSL1,CD36,PPARG,ANGPTL4,PLIN2)were validated in PBMCs from 35 patients with AG,35 patients with IG,and 35 normal healthy subjects using real-time PCR.Results:Compared with HC group,there were 222 significant differential genes in AG group,including 193 up-regulated genes and 29 down-regulated genes.GO analysis showed that the genes differentially ex-pressed in AG group were mainly enriched in the regulation of multicellular biological processes such as inflammation,trauma,and stress response and immune response regulation compared with HC group.However,KEGG analysis showed that the up-regulated genes in AG group were enriched in"Toll-like receptor signaling pathway""complement and coagulation cascades""PPAR signaling pathway""lipid and atherosclerosis""osteoclast differentiation""cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction""chemokine signaling path-way""IL-17 signaling pathway",and"cholesterol metabolism"compared with HC group.The results of PCR validation of related genes in the PPAR signaling pathway showed that the expression levels of ACSL1,CD36,PPARG,and PLIN2 in the AG group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the expression levels of CYP27A1 and ANGPTL4 in the AG group were not dif-ferent from those in the HC group(P>0.05).Conclusion:PPAR signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of AG,of which ACSL1,CD36,PPARG,and PLIN2 may be used as potential therapeutic targets for acute gouty arthritis;CYP27A1 and ANG-PTL4 may not be associated with the pathogenesis of AG.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Objective:To explore expression of each member of miR17-92 cluster in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of patients with gout,to predict their possible targets and pathways of action,and to evaluate their possible mechanism and clinical significance in gout.Methods:A total 67 gouty arthritis(GA)patients were selected,including 22 patients with acute gout arthritis(AG)and 45 patients with intermittent gout(IG),and 35 normal health control(HC)were selected in Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College.RT-qPCR measured expressions of miR17-92 cluster,IFN-γ,IL-10 and some members of JAK-STAT pathway,and relevant laboratory indicators were collected to analyze correlation between each other.Results:Relative expressions of miR17,miR18a,miR19a,miR20a and miR19b were significantly changed in AG,IG and HC(H=8.753,P<0.05;H=6.338,P<0.05;H=6.523,P<0.05;H=9.061,P<0.05;H=9.729,P<0.01).JAK3 and STAT2 expressions were statistically different in AG,IG and HC groups(H=10.349,P<0.01;H=14.801,P<0.01).Expression of IFN-γ was statistically different among AG,IG and HC groups(H=8.734,P<0.05).In AG patients,miR18a expression was inversely correlated with IBIL,Crea,MO and HGB.miR19a ex-pression was negatively associated and TC,UA and HGB.miR20a expression was negatively associated with Crea.miR19b expression was negatively associated with UA and HGB.In IG patients,miR17 expression was negatively associated with IBIL,WBC,LY and MO.miR18a expression was positively associated with ALP,miR19a expression was negatively associated with TC and UA,and miR20a expression was negatively associated with ADA and UA.Conclusion:miR17-92 cluster may regulate development and partici-pate in clinical pathology of gout by targeting JAK-STAT pathway.

Humans ; Aged ; Lung Diseases ; Pneumonia/drug therapy* ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use* ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy* ; Administration, Inhalation ; Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy*

Objective To build a knowledge graph;To visualize the knowledge structure relationships and clinical thinking in the treatment of coronary heart disease by renowned TCM doctors;To provide methodological reference for the inheritance of experience of renowned TCM doctors.Methods Medical records about treatment of coronary heart disease by renowned TCM doctors were retrieved from CNKI from the establishment of the database to 30th,Nov.2022.The characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment and the characteristics of the theoretical system of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM were analyzed.Concept types and relationships between concepts were sorted out and extracted to form a pattern layer of knowledge graph;based on the characteristics of the pattern layer,Python 3.11(PyCharm 2022.3.2)was used to write rules,and knowledge extraction and data import were implemented through the Pandas library,Openpyxl library and Py2neo library,which were stored in the graph database Neo4j-Community-5.2.0 to complete the construction of the knowledge graph.Implementing query application was realized through Cypher language.Results The data of 643 medical cases of 144 renowned TCM doctors were included,which were entered into the Neo4j graph database,forming a knowledge graph consisting of 2 744 nodes and 23 795 relationships under 8 concepts and 10 relationships,to achieve visual presentation and query application of the diagnosis and treatment process of coronary heart disease by renowned TCM doctors.Conclusion The knowledge graph can intuitively display the relationship of diseases-symptoms-syndromes-treatments-prescriptions-medicine in medical records,develop a knowledge system that is easy to retrieve,and improve the accessibility of domain knowledge,which can provide methodological reference for the inheritance of experience of renowned TCM doctors.