Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with motor and cognitive impairments as the main clinical symptoms. The disease is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the formation of Lewy bodies， which are eosinophilic inclusions composed of α-synuclein， in the remaining dopaminergic neurons. The disease predominantly affects middle-aged and elderly individuals. Oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to the loss of dopaminergic neurons， so mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as the main cause of Parkinson disease. Mitochondrial biogenesis has an important effect on the function of mitochondria. Therefore， abnormality of the regulation system of mitochondrial biogenesis is closely related to the occurrence and development of Parkinson disease. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial biogenesis control system and aims to provide promising therapeutic targets for Parkinson disease.
Parkinson Disease

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084 , 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23 %, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14 % and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk ( OR =1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P <0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations ( OR =0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective To study the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms at loci rs4535211,rs75885714,and rs7653834 of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase 2 (PLCL2) gene and large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 105 patients with newly diagnosed LAA ischemic stroke admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the observation group,and 103 patients with gender and age matching phys-ical examination in this hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The clinical data and serum inflammatory markers were collected and compared between the two groups.Genotypes of PLCL2 gene rs4535211,rs75885714 and rs7653834 loci in the two groups were detected,and genotype and allele fre-quencies were calculated.Results The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin-6 (IL-6),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR),monocyte to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (MHR),platelet to lympho-cyte ratio (PLR) and D-dimer in the observation group were higher than those in the control group.The level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). rs7653834 locus was C/C,C/T,T/T genotypes,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).The levels of C/C,T/C and T/T genotypes NLR and PLR at rs7653834 locus were sta-tistically significant between the two groups (P<0.05).The analysis results of co-dominant model,dominant model and overdominant model showed that there was statistical significance in rs7653834 locus genotype be-tween the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion There may be a potential association between rs7653834 locus polymorphism of PLCL2 gene and LAA type ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the effect of malignant cerebellar hemorrhage on 3-month prognosis of small spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage.Methods Clinical data of 380 consecutive patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage admitted in Emergency Department of the Affil-iated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University,Neurosurgery Department of Jinyang Hospital Af-filiated to Guizhou Medical University,and Neurosurgery Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from April 2014 to March 2023 were collected and retro-spectively analyzed,and finally,70 patients who met the requirements of small amount of sponta-neous cerebellar hemorrhage were enrolled in this study.They were assigned into benign cerebel-lar hemorrhage group(43 cases)and malignant cerebellar hemorrhage group(27 cases).Accord-ing to their clinical outcomes in 3 months after onset,they were divided into a good prognosis group(51 cases)and a poor prognosis group(19 cases).General clinical data,imaging data,com-plications,inflammatory indicators and prognosis were collected.After collinear diagnosis was used to exclude factors with collinear influence,the independent correlation between good progno-sis and poor prognosis was analyzed by binary logistic regression model.Finally,ROC curve was plotted to analyze the significant data.Results The maximum diameter of hematoma was signifi-cantly larger in the malignant cerebellar hemorrhage group than the benign group(P=0.021).The patients of the poor prognosis group had larger proportion of malignant cerebellar hemor-rhage,and higher neutrophil percentage,WBC count and NLR than those of the good prognosis group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that malignant cere-bellar hemorrhage was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in 3 months(OR=6.218,95％CI:1.140-17.623,P=0.013).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative pre-dictive value and Youden index of malignant cerebellar hemorrhage in predicting the 3-month prognosis of patients were 63.2％,70.6％,44.4％,83.7％and 0.338,respectively,and the AUC value was 0.669.Conclusion Malignant cerebellar hemorrhage is an independent predictor of 3-month prognosis in patients with small spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage.The patients with malignant cerebellar hemorrhage have poor prognosis than those with benign cerebellar hemorrhage.

Objective Exploring the clinical application value of long chain non-coding RNA(lncRNA)H19 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with osteoporosis(OP).Methods A total of 176 patients with T2DM admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City from December 2022 to June 2023 were selected.They were divided into OP group(n=100)and simple T2DM group(n=76)according to the results of bone mineral density(BMD)determination by dual-energy X-ray.General data and biochemical indicators were compared between the two groups.The correlation between lncRNA H19 and other clinical indicators was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and the influencing factors for T2DM with OP were analyzed by logistic regression.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of lncRNA H19 in T2DM with OP.Results Compared with T2DM group,the proportion of females,age,HbA1c,TC and TGF-β1 were higher(P<0.05),while BMI,SUA,BMD and lncRNA H19 were lower in OP group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that lncRNA H19 expression level was positively correlated with BMI,SUA and BMD(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with age,HbA1c and TGF-β1(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,BMI,TC,TGF-β1 and lncRNA H19 were the influencing factors for T2DM combined with OP(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of lncRNA H19 in the diagnosis of T2DM with OP was 0.839,the sensitivity was 76.3%,and the specificity was 86.0%.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age,TGF-β1 and OP were the influencing factors for lncRNA H19(P<0.05).Conclusion LncRNA H19 expression decreased in PBMCs in patients with T2DM with OP,which may participate in the occurrence and development of T2DM with OP through glucose metabolism and lncRNA H19/TGF-β1 pathway.

Objective To explore the expression level of serum CD73 in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients and the correlation be-tween serum CD73 and the severity of motor dysfunction.Methods A total of 97 PD patients and 71 healthy controls were included.Bas-ic data of the subjects were collected,including age,gender,smoking history,and the condition of dose taking.Disease course,H&Y stage,and UPDRS-Ⅲ score of PD patients were also collected.PD patients were divided into mild PD group,and moderate and severe PD group according to H&Y stage.The fasting venous blood of the subjects was collected for serum CD73detection.Binary Logistic regres-sion analysis was used to analyze the correlation between PD and factors such as age,gender,and serum CD73.Receiver operating char-acteristic curve analysis was used to predict the diagnostic value of serum CD73.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum CD73 level,H&Y stage,and UPDRS-Ⅲ score in PD patients.Results The level of serum CD73 in PD patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls.Binary Logistic regression showed that the decrease in the level of serum CD73 was an in-dependent risk factor for PD.The level of serum CD73 lower than 2.85U/L was more sensitive to the diagnosis of PD.In PD patients,the higher the H&Y stage,the lower the serum CD73 level;Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum CD73 level was negatively cor-related with the H&Y stage and UPDRS-Ⅲ score.Conclusion The reduction of serum CD73 level can significantly increase the risk of PD,and the lower the level of serum CD73,the more serious the motor dysfunction of PD patients.

Objective To explore the effect of a mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory on subthreshold depression in breast cancer patients.Methods By convenience sampling method,74 patients with breast cancer subthreshold depression who received chemotherapy in the breast department of a tertiary hospital in Guangxi from July 2021 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects.According to the order of admission time,the patients admitted from February 2022 to August 2022 were taken as an experimental group,and the patients admitted from July 2021 to January 2022 were taken as a control group,with 37 cases in each group.On the basis of routine nursing,the experimental group implemented a mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory.The control group received routine nursing,with every 21 days for 1 cycle and a total of 4 cycles of intervention.Before and after the intervention,the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17),Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale(BPNS)and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast(FACT-B)were used to evaluate the intervention effect.Results 34 patients in the experimental group and 36 patients in the control group completed the study.After intervention,the CES-D score and HAMD-17 score of the 2 groups were lower than those before intervention(P＜0.05);the CES-D score and HAMD-17 score of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=7.748,P＜0.001;t=8.150,P＜0.001).The BPNS scores of the 2 groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the BPNS score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=-6.534,P＜0.001).The scores of FACT-B in the 2 groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the scores of FACT-B in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=-4.579,P＜0.001).Conclusion The mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory can improve the subthreshold depression,self-determination and quality of life of breast cancer patients.

Background/Aims: Existing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models are derived mainly from pretreatment or early on-treatment parameters. We reassessed the dynamic changes in the performance of 17 HCC models in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term antiviral therapy (AVT). Methods: Among 987 CHB patients administered long-term entecavir therapy, 660 patients had 8 years of follow-up data. Model scores were calculated using on-treatment values at 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 years of AVT to predict threeyear HCC occurrence. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). The original model cutoffs to distinguish different levels of HCC risk were evaluated by the log-rank test. Results: The AUROCs of the 17 HCC models varied from 0.51 to 0.78 when using on-treatment scores from years 2.5 to 5. Models with a cirrhosis variable showed numerically higher AUROCs (pooled at 0.65–0.73 for treated, untreated, or mixed treatment models) than models without (treated or mixed models: 0.61–0.68; untreated models: 0.51–0.59). Stratification into low, intermediate, and high-risk levels using the original cutoff values could no longer reflect the true HCC incidence using scores after 3.5 years of AVT for models without cirrhosis and after 4 years of AVT for models with cirrhosis. Conclusions The performance of existing HCC prediction models, especially models without the cirrhosis variable, decreased in CHB patients on long-term AVT. The optimization of existing models or the development of novel models for better HCC prediction during long-term AVT is warranted.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of abnormal spinal curvature and related factors among middle school students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide evidence for abnormal spinal curvature prevention and treatment. Methods: By using a random stratified cluster sampling method, 87 908 students of middle and high school students from all 12 counties(districts) were investigated via questionnaires for abnormal spinal curvature and health influencing factors in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Chi square test was used to perform demographic characteristics and univariate analysis, and binary multivariate Logistic regression model was used to screen the risk factors for spinal curvature abnormalities in middle school students. Results: A total of 3 131(3.56%) students with spinal curvature abnormalities were detected, with boys (3.69%) higher than that of girls(3.44%), urban areas (6.15%) higher than that of the suburban counties (2.50%), and high school students ( 4.97 %) higher than that of junior high school(2.73%) students( χ 2=4.01, 702.19, 299.36, P <0.05). The detectable rate of spinal curvature abnormalities increased with grade ( χ 2 trend =309.29, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that factors influencing abnormal spinal curvature included myopia, overweight, obesity, the frequency of classroom seating arrangements, time spent on homework/reading after school every day, time spent in daytime outdoor activities, self imposed requirements for posture of sitting and standing, phase of studying, gender, and area ( OR =0.53-2.55, P <0.05). Conclusion Abnormal spinal curvature is strongly correlated to nutritional status, myopia, sitting posture when reading and writing, sedentary time, and time spent in outdoor activities. The collaboration of multiple departments is required to establish anenvironment to protect the spine, early detection and early intervention.