Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Research into its mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies heavily rely on animal models that accurately replicate the pathological features of human disease. An ideal animal model for stroke should not only reproduce the neurological deficits and pathological changes observed in clinical patients but also demonstrate good reproducibility and translational value. This review focuses on the preparation and evaluation methods of ischemic stroke animal models. Firstly, it elaborates on the selection criteria, advantages, and disadvantages of experimental animals, including rodents (rats, mice) and non-rodents (non-human primates, miniature pigs, rabbits, zebrafish). Secondly, it provides a detailed overview of the modeling principles, key procedures, and application scopes for ischemic stroke models and hemorrhagic stroke models. Furthermore, the review summarizes advances in the applications of emerging technologies—including gene editing [e.g., clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing], multimodal imaging (e.g., two-photon microscopy, photoacoustic imaging), artificial intelligence, optogenetics, 3D bioprinting, organoid models, and multi-omics–in model optimization, precise assessment, and mechanistic investigation. Finally, based on a systematic analysis of relevant domestic and international literature from 2019 to 2024, this review discusses model selection strategies based on research objectives, a multidimensional evaluation system encompassing behavioral, imaging, and molecular pathological assessments, and envisions future directions involving technological integration to achieve model precision and individualization. This article aims to provide a comprehensive methodological reference to help researchers select appropriate animal models of stroke according to specific scientific questions.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective To investigate the knee disorders and risk factors in electromechanical soldiers of a warship,so as to provide a basis for prevention and treatment measures.Methods The knee disorders and treatment data of 200 electromechanical soldiers(study group)and 200 soldiers from other departments(control group)were colected by questionnaire survey and medical records.Results The incidence of knee diseases was 37.5%(75 cases)in the study group,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(16.0%,32 cases,P＜0.05).Traumatic and degenerative diseases were the main types of knee disorders.Age and body mass index were the influencing factors of knee disorders in electromechanical soldiers.Conclusion There is a high incidence of knee disorders in electromechanical soldiers,which is related to a variety of factors.Appropriate prevention and treatment measures are of great significance to reduce the incidence of knee disorders,promote rapid recovery,and reduce non-combat casualty.

Objective To explore the effect of a mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory on subthreshold depression in breast cancer patients.Methods By convenience sampling method,74 patients with breast cancer subthreshold depression who received chemotherapy in the breast department of a tertiary hospital in Guangxi from July 2021 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects.According to the order of admission time,the patients admitted from February 2022 to August 2022 were taken as an experimental group,and the patients admitted from July 2021 to January 2022 were taken as a control group,with 37 cases in each group.On the basis of routine nursing,the experimental group implemented a mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory.The control group received routine nursing,with every 21 days for 1 cycle and a total of 4 cycles of intervention.Before and after the intervention,the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17),Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale(BPNS)and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast(FACT-B)were used to evaluate the intervention effect.Results 34 patients in the experimental group and 36 patients in the control group completed the study.After intervention,the CES-D score and HAMD-17 score of the 2 groups were lower than those before intervention(P＜0.05);the CES-D score and HAMD-17 score of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=7.748,P＜0.001;t=8.150,P＜0.001).The BPNS scores of the 2 groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the BPNS score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(t=-6.534,P＜0.001).The scores of FACT-B in the 2 groups were higher than those before the intervention,and the scores of FACT-B in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(t=-4.579,P＜0.001).Conclusion The mobile health intervention model based on self-determination theory can improve the subthreshold depression,self-determination and quality of life of breast cancer patients.

Objective:To investigate the CD163 expression characteristics in intracranial aneurysm (IA) tissue and blood of patients with IA and its feasibility as an early clinical screening indicator for IA.Methods:A total of 28 patients with IA admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2021 to November 2023 were selected as IA group, and 28 healthy subjects from Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University at the same time period were selected as control group. Eight saccular IA tissues and 12 superficial temporal artery tissues were collected from patients from IA group accepted IA clipping, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the CD163 mRNA expression in these tissues. RT-qPCR was also used to detect the CD163 mRNA expression in the blood of the 2 groups. Seven patients with IA and 7 control subjects from the above 2 groups were randomly selected, respectively; and plasma CD163 protein content was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for IA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic values of blood CD163 mRNA expression and plasma CD163 protein content in IA. Results:CD163 mRNA expression in IA tissues was significantly higher than that in superficial temporal artery tissues (41.870±20.355 vs. 6.080±5.444, P<0.05). CD163 mRNA expression in the blood of IA patients was significantly higher than that in the controls (1.969[1.124, 2.318] vs. 1.124[0.933, 1.379], P<0.05). CD163 mRNA expression in the blood of ruptured IA group, unruptured IA group, and control group was gradually decreased, with significant differences ( P<0.05). CD163 mRNA expression in the blood of female IA patients was not statistically different compared with that in male IA patients ( P>0.05). ELISA showed that the CD163 protein content in plasma of the IA group was significantly higher than that in the control group [10.537±1.879] ng/L vs. [8.598±0.885] ng/L, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age and CD163 mRNA expression in the blood were independent influencing factors for IA occurrence ( OR=0.844, 95% CI: 0.750-0.951, P=0.005; OR=0.111, 95% CI: 0.024-0.506, P=0.004). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CD163 mRNA expression in blood in diagnosing IA was 0.759 (95% CI: 0.618-0.890, P=0.002), and that of CD163 protein content in plasma in diagnosing IA was 0.864 (95% CI: 0.610-1.000, P=0.035). Conclusion:CD163 mRNA expressions in blood and IA tissues and CD163 protein content in plasma are high in patients with IA; CD163 mRNA expression in blood is an independent risk factor for IA; CD163 protein in plasma can be used as a molecular marker for screening IA.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of autologous platelet rich gel (APG) in the treatment of type 2 diabetic foot (DF) patients and the effect of APG on the expression of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Methods:A total of 62 patients with DF admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University from February 2021 to May 2022 were randomly divided into a control group (30 cases) and an observation group (32 cases) using a random number table method. The control group received ultrasound debridement and dressing change treatment, while the observation group received ultrasound debridement combined with APG treatment. After 6 weeks of treatment, the effective rate, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (TcPO 2), and serum tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-1 α)and the level of MALAT1 expression in PBMCs of the two groups of patients were observed. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the expression change of MALAT (△ MALAT1) and the total effective rate of treatment. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group [93.75%(30/32) vs 73.33%(22/30), P<0.05]. After treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), urinary microalbumin/creatinine (UACR), uric acid (UA), white blood cells (WBC), TNF- α and IL-6 of both groups had decreased compared to before; HIF-1 α, VEGF and MALAT1 increased compared to before treatment (all P<0.05); After treatment, there was a statistically significant difference in UA, HIF-1α, VEGF, and MALAT1 between the observation group and the control group (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that Δ MALAT1 in DF patients was negatively correlated with TNF -α ( r=-0.61, P=0.02), IL-6 ( r=-0.52, P=0.04), WBC ( r=-0.53, P=0.03), and positively correlated with VEGF ( r=0.58, P=0.03) and HIF-1α ( r=0.54, P=0.03). The total effective rate of DF treatment was higher in the high change group of△ MALAT [88.37%(38/43) vs 73.68%(14/19), P<0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:APG can significantly upregulate the expression of MALAT, improve wound tissue blood perfusion, wound angiogenesis, and inflammatory response, promote ulcer healing, and changes in MALAT expression can help determine the prognosis of DF.

Objective:To compare the efficacies of 3D printed guide plate assisted positioning and C-arm X-ray machine fluoroscopic positioning for femoral tunnel reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament in treating recurrent patellofemoral dislocation.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed on the clinical data of 60 patients with recurrent patellar dislocation admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2018 to December 2022. The patients included 29 males and 31 females, with age range of 14-40 years [(28.6±7.6)years]. The 3D printed guide plate was used to locate the femoral tunnel in 30 patients for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (3D guide group), and C-arm X-ray machine was used for another 30 patients (conventional group). (1) CT data of the knee joint were collected before surgery and at 7 days after surgery. Mimics 19.0 software was introduced to measure the distance between the center of femoral tunnel and Sch?ttle point after surgery. (2) Knee Lysholm score and Kujala score were used to evaluate the knee function before and at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. (3) At the same time points, Opti-Knee TM 3D knee kinematics analysis system was used to collect the forward and backward displacement, up and down displacement, internal and external displacement, internal and external flipping angle, internal and external rotation angle, and flexion and extension angle of the affected knee joint. The range of each freedom degree was calculated and 6 freedom degree items of 30 healthy people were subjected to knee kinematics analysis. Results:All patients were followed up for 12-15 months [(12.3±0.7)months]. (1) The distance between the center of femoral tunnel and Sch?ttle point in the 3D guide group was (5.5±2.3)mm, smaller than that in the conventional group [(7.6±2.5)mm] ( P<0.01). (2) The Lysholm score and Kujala score of the 3D guide group and conventional gruop gradually increased after surgery (all P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the Lysholm score or Kujala score between the 3D guide group and conventional gruop before surgery and at 12 months after surgery (all P>0.05). At 3, 6 and 9 months after surgery, the Lysholm score of the 3D guide group [(70.4±4.5)points, (86.4±3.1)points, (91.2±3.2)points] and Kujala score [(74.2±5.3)points, (80.9±3.5)points, (85.2±3.2)points] were higher than those of the conventional group [Lysholm score: (67.3±5.2)points, (81.8±2.5)points, (86.2±1.9)points; Kujala score: (69.8±5.2)points, (77.6±2.1)points, (82.7±2.6)points] ( P<0.05 or 0.01). (3) Before surgery, the forward and backward displacement in the 3D guide group and conventional group [(0.6±0.1)cm, (0.6±0.2)cm], up and down displacement [(0.5±0.1)cm, (0.6±0.0)cm], internal and external displacement [(0.7±0.1)cm, (0.6±0.2)cm], and flexion and extension angle [(50.6±10.3)°, (51.6±8.5)°] were less than those in the healthy controls [(1.6±0.3)cm, (1.7±0.5)cm, (1.0±0.4)cm, (63.2±5.1)°] (all P<0.05), while the internal and external flipping angle [(17.5±4.0)°, (17.1±3.8)°] and internal and external rotation angle [(17.9±1.9)°, (17.5±1.5)°] were greater than those in the healthy controls [(11.8±3.6)°, (15.8±4.9)°] (all P<0.05). At other time points, the results of front and back displacement, up and down displacement, internal and external displacement, internal and external rotation angle in the 3D guide group and conventional group were not significantly different compared with the healthy controls (all P>0.05). The flexion and extension angle in the 3D guide group and conventional gruop were smaller than those in the healthy controls at 3 months after surgery (all P<0.05). At 6 and 9 months after surgery, the flexion and extension angle in the conventional group [(55.0±3.7)°, (57.7±4.8)°] were smaller than those in the healthy controls [(63.2±5.1)°, (63.2±5.1)°] (all P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between the 3D guide group [(61.0±4.8)°, (61.8±4.9)°] and the healthy controls (all P>0.05). The flexion and extension angle in the 3D guide group and conventional gruop was similar with that in the healthy controls at 12 months after surgery (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the C-arm X-ray machine, the 3D printed guide plate assisted positioning of femoral tunnel is more simple and accurate for the medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in treating recurrent patellofemoral dislocation, together with better early knee function recovery, better satisfaction of the patients, and better and faster restoration of the flexion and extension angle of knee joint kinematic function.

ObjectiveEstablish an animal model of preeclampsia in goats, collect data on various physiological indicators and maternal biological characteristics of the disease model to compare with clinical feature of the disease in humans, provide reference for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia in humans.Methods Twenty-three goats bred in Chongming district were divided into three groups: Control group, no surgical procedure was performed on animals of this group; sham group, ewes in this group underwent the sham operation on the 100±5th day of gestation, and only the uterine artery was exposed and dissociated; surgical group, a silver vascular clamp was clipped on one side of the uterine body artery of the ewe to narrow the inner diameter of the artery at the same gestation period (100±5) days. Heart rate and hindlimb blood pressure were continuously monitored in control and surgical ewes from 100 to 140 d of gestation, and blood flow data within the lateral branches of the uterine arteries of ewes in the sham group were collected using a hemodynamometer in combination with a hemodynamic probe and an animal physiological signal collector, as well as changes in blood flow within the uterine arteries in the lateral branches of the uterine arteries of the surgical group before and after placement of vascular clips in the surgical ewes. At the expected date of delivery, jugular vein blood was taken from ewes for routine blood test, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and blood ion analysis; urine was also collected from ewes in each group for analysis of urinary protein and urinary creatinine. All experimental groups were subjected to cesarean section on the 140±5th day of gestation in ewes, and then liver, kidney, uterus and placenta tissues were taken from ewes in each group and stained with HE for pathological observation. Results After 15 minutes of preeclampsia modeling surgery, blood flow volume remained stable in the vessel stenosis segment and the volume differential was relatively reduced in comparison to the control group and sham group (P＜0.05，P＜0.01). Compared with the control group, the ewes in the surgical group showed prenatal changes such as increased serum osmolality, decreased hemoglobin, increased blood glucose and urea nitrogen values, as well as increased levels of calcium, sodium, and chloride ions (all P<0.05) and proteinuria, with urinary creatinine and urinary protein-creatinine ratios were significantly higher than those in the control group and sham group (all P<0.05). The elastic lamina of the uterine body arteries on the operated side of the animals in the surgical group was thicker than that on the opposite side, but the structure was loose. The placenta on the operated side showed pathological changes such as cell interstitial swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration. The above physiological index characteristics were more consistent with the clinical features of human preeclampsia disease.Conclusion In this experiment, we successfully constructed a goat preeclampsia model and obtained data on relevant physiological indexes of this model, which further verified the correlation between preeclampsia disease and uterine artery lesions.

Objective: To explore correlations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and physical posture disorders in primary school students, and to provide reference for the prevention and correction of adverse body posture in this group. Methods: From September to December 2020, 206 children from 4 primary schools in Chaoyang District of Beijing were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method. Body posture and PA were assessed using a body posture tester and a triaxial accelerometer. Children s Leisure Activity Questionnaire was used to investigate SB. Results: The detection rate of abnormal body posture in primary school students was 76.70%. PA showed positive assocation with high and low shoulder, X/O leg, pelvis forward, spine curvature and comprehensive evaluation ( β =0.17, 0.21, 0.19, 0.24, 0.19, P <0.05). SB had significant negative linear correlation with high and low shoulder, X/O leg,pelvis forward, spine curvature and comprehensive evaluation ( β = -0.24 , -0.22, -0.36, -0.24, -0.27, P <0.05). In the combination analysis, children with high PA plus low SB ( OR=2.12, 95%CI= 1.46-3.37, P <0.05) and children with low PA plus high SB had the highest and lowest advantages of qualified rate of body posture assessment,respectively. Compare with low SB and low PA( OR=1.71, 95%CI=1.41-2.74, P <0.05), high PA and high SB ( OR=1.85, 95%CI=1.38-2.86, P <0.05) had higher qualified rate of body posture assessment. Conclusion Physical activity shows positive effects on physical posture while sedentary behavior shows negative effects on physical posture. The combination of PA and SB has a counteracting or synergistic interaction effect.

Objective:To explore the application effect of flipped classroom model based on Simodont dental training system in the standardized training teaching of prosthodontics.Methods:The control experiment was used in this study. Seventy two students from Batch 2018 and Batch 2019 of Stomatology Hospital of Air Force Medical University were selected and randomly divided into experimental group (flipped classroom model based on Simodont dental training system) and control group (Simodont dental training system training mode after traditional teaching), with 18 students every academic year in each group. Questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the teaching effect, and the results of after-class theory test and practical computer test were compared between the two groups. SPSS 20.0 was used for chi-square test and t test. Results:The experimental group was better than the control group in enhancing classroom interest, improving the ability of independent analysis and problem-solving, and cultivating the ability of cooperation and expression ( P<0.05). The scores of after-class theory test and practical computer test in the experimental group [(23.36±0.21) points and (90.56±0.52) points] were significantly better than those in the control group[(21.81±0.25) points and (88.31±0.48) points] ( P<0.01). Conclusion:The flipped classroom model based on Simodont dental training system can effectively improve the effect of standardized training and teaching of professional skills in prosthodontics. At the same time, the students' ability of independent analysis and problem solving, cooperation and communication and expression are effectively improved.