Esophageal cancer （EC） is a highly prevalent malignant tumor in China. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway， as one of the key oncogenic pathways， can promote the cell cycle progression， proliferation， migration， and invasion， induce chemoresistance， and inhibit apoptosis and autophagy of EC cells. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with the advantages of targeting multiple points with multiple components to delay cancer progression， can target the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway for EC treatment. This article preliminarily discusses the molecular mechanism and role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC and elaborates on the specific targets and efficacy of TCM in treating EC through intervention in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the past five years. TCM materials and extracts inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC include Borneolum， spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum without spore coat， extract of Celastrus orbiculatus， root extract of Taraxacum， and Bruceae Fructus oil emulsion. TCM active ingredients exerting the effect include flavonoids， terpenoids， saponins， phenols， polysaccharides， alkaloids， and other compounds. TCM compound prescriptions with such effect include Qige San， Huqi San， Xuanfu Daizhetang， Tongyoutang and its decomposed prescriptions， Liujunzi Tang， and Xishenzhi Formula. In addition， TCM injections such as Compound Kushen Injection and Kang'ai injection also inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC. This paper summarizes the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in EC and the TCM interventions， aiming to provide reference for the research and clinical application of new drugs for EC.

Abstract To understand the promoting effects of napping—a form of daytime short rest on memory development in preschool children, this article provides an in depth analysis of the differential mechanisms. Through the analysis of the differential promotion mechanisms of napping on semantic memory, episodic memory, and motor memory of preschool children, the paper deeply explores the intrinsic relationship between napping and the memory development of preschool children, and combs through the main influencing factors including physiological states, napping habits, napping conditions, and sociocultural backgrounds, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for formulating napping arrangements and strategies suitable for preschool children.

Colorectal cancer （CRC） is one of the most common cancers， with its incidence ranking high among cancers. It stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the early stages， CRC lacks specific symptoms， and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages， making it a major research focus in the field of gastrointestinal tumors. Currently， clinical CRC treatments face several common challenges， including high surgical risks， frequent metastasis and recurrence， drug resistance， and significant side effects from chemotherapy and radiation therapy. With the development and application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it has been found that TCM and its active ingredients can effectively inhibit CRC cell proliferation， invasion， migration， and angiogenesis， and promote apoptosis and autophagy， thereby slowing the progression of CRC. This has become a key focus of CRC treatment research. Salvia Miltiorrhiza has multiple pharmacological effects， including activating blood circulation to dispel blood stasis， unlocking meridians to relieve pain， clearing heat to calm irritability， and cooling blood to reduce abscesses. It contains a variety of chemical components， including diterpenoids， phenolic acids， flavonoids， polysaccharides， nitrogen-containing compounds， steroids， and lactone compounds. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its active ingredients in the treatment of CRC. It is found that these ingredients exert anti-CRC effects through various molecular mechanisms， including cell cycle arrest， promotion of apoptosis， inhibition of cell invasion and migration， induction of autophagy， suppression of tumor angiogenesis， and remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. The review aims to provide new insights for the drug development and clinical application of Salvia miltiorrhiza in CRC treatment.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨高良姜素（Gal）调控AMPK/mTOR/ULK1信号通路对胃癌细胞凋亡和自噬的影响及其机制。方法：将胃癌NCI-N87细胞分为对照组、多索吗啡（DM）组、Gal低剂量（Gal-L）组、Gal高剂量（Gal-H）组、Gal-H + DM组。采用MTT法、流式细胞术、划痕愈合实验和Transwell实验分别检测各组细胞的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭能力，WB法检测PCNA、C-caspase-3、免疫逃逸相关蛋白（B7H1）、EMT和AMPK/mTOR/ULK1信号通路蛋白的表达水平。建立裸鼠NCI-N87细胞移植瘤模型，观察Gal和5-FU对移植瘤的抑制效果。结果：与对照组比较，DM组NCI-N87细胞增殖活性、划痕愈合率和侵袭细胞数、N-cadherin、vimentin、PCNA、B7H1、p62和p-mTOR/mTOR蛋白表达均显著升高（均P < 0.05），细胞凋亡率、C-caspase-3、E-cadherin、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、p-AMPK/AMPK和p-ULK1/ULK1蛋白表达均显著降低（均P < 0.05）；Gal-L组和Gal-H组NCI-N87细胞的增殖活性、划痕愈合率和侵袭细胞数、N-cadherin、vimentin、PCNA、B7H1、p62和p-mTOR/mTOR蛋白表达均显著降低（均P < 0.05），细胞凋亡率、C-caspase-3、E-cadherin、LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ、p-AMPK/AMPK和p-ULK1/ULK1蛋白表达均显著升高（均P < 0.05）；DM可部分逆转Gal对NCI-N87细胞恶性生物学行为的抑制作用（P < 0.05）；与对照组比较，Gal组和5-FU组裸鼠移植瘤体积和质量均显著降低，肿瘤组织细胞凋亡率显著升高（P < 0.05）。结论：Gal可促进胃癌NCI-N87细胞自噬和凋亡，抑制其增殖、迁移和侵袭，可能与激活AMPK/mTOR/ULK1信号通路有关。

Objective To introduce the causes of accidents and the diagnosis and treatment of two patients with radiation-induced skin injury admitted to our hospital in 2023, and to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of subsequent radiation-induced skin injury. Methods The clinical treatment process of two patients with acute skin injury caused by external radiation exposure were summarized and analyzed. Results The exposure history of the two patients was reconstructed, the flaw detection scenario was simulated, the biological dose and hand skin exposure dose were estimated, and the infrared thermal imaging device was used for dynamic monitoring. A comprehensive analysis was conducted based on clinical manifestations and other data. The diagnosis of “Xie” was excessive exposure combined with acute radiation-induced skin injury on both hands (Grade IV for the right hand palm, index finger, and middle finger and Grade II for the left hand little finger). The diagnosis of “Hao” was acute radiation-induced skin injury on both hands (Grade I). The two patients received different clinical treatment measures: “Xie” was treated with both local and systemic therapies, while “Hao” was mainly treated with systemic therapy. Conclusion After systematic and effective treatment, the radiation-induced skin injuries healed in both patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of LifePort combined with polymyxin B in preventing donor-derived infections caused by preservation solution contamination. Methods Clinical data of 110 kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. According to the decontamination status of preservation solution, the recipients were divided into the decontamination group (n=62) and the non-decontamination group (n=48). The general data of the two groups were compared, and the preventive effect of polymyxin B on possible donor-derived infections (p-DDI) was analyzed, especially infections associated with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR GNB). Results There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data (gender, age, preservation solution contamination status, etc.) between the decontamination group and the non-decontamination group (all P > 0.05). The overall contamination rate of preservation solution was 80.0%, and 68 contaminated samples were with single microorganism and 20 with multiple microorganisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterococcus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common microorganisms in the positive samples. Fifteen cases of preservation solution were contaminated by MDR GNB, including 10 cases in the non-decontamination group and 5 cases in the decontamination group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.053). Postoperative infection-related events occurred in 69 recipients, including 39 cases in the non-decontamination group and 30 cases in the decontamination group, with the incidence rate in the non-decontamination group significantly higher than that in the decontamination group (P < 0.001). Only 10 cases of infections were identified as p-DDI, all of which were positive for preservation solution culture, including 8 cases in the non-decontamination group and 2 cases in the decontamination group (P < 0.05). There were 5 cases of p-DDI related to MDR GNB in the non-decontamination group, while no such cases occurred in the decontamination group (P < 0.05). No adverse reactions related to polymyxin B were observed, and no recipient death or renal allograft dysfunction occurred in either group. Conclusions Adding polymyxin B to the preservation fluid during hypothermic machine perfusion with LifePort before renal transplantation may reduce p-DDI and its potential adverse consequences.

Objective To preliminarily investigate the safety and efficacy of donor pancreas needle biopsy in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 7 cases undergoing donor pancreas biopsy were collected retrospectively. All cases underwent donor pancreas biopsy before or during simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Frozen section or paraffin sectioning techniques were used for tissue preparation, and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were performed to histologically evaluate the donor pancreas. The quality of donor pancreas was comprehensively assessed by combining histological findings with the donor's clinical data. Postoperative follow-up data of 5 simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients were collected to summarize the safety of donor pancreas biopsy and the prognosis of transplant recipients. Results The 7 pancreas donors were aged 28 to 62 years, with a body mass index ranging from 20.76 to 27.68 kg/m². Liver ultrasound indicated fatty liver in 3 cases, while pancreatic ultrasound did not reveal any significant abnormalities. Among them, biopsy was performed on 2 donors after completion of pancreatic procurement and processing, and the frozen section histology showed moderate acute pancreatitis changes (edema of acinar cells, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Combined with a serum amylase level elevated more than 3 times the upper limit of normal value, these two donor pancreases were finally discarded. The remaining 5 cases underwent biopsy immediately after pancreatic vascular anastomosis during simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, and histological evaluation was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. No biopsy-related complications (such as bleeding, pancreatic fistula, etc.) occurred after transplantation. One recipient died of severe infection 2 months after transplantation, while the other 4 recipients were followed up for more than 5 years, with well-functioning transplant kidneys and pancreases. Conclusions Donor pancreas biopsy is relatively safe, and the risk of biopsy-related complications after transplantation is controllable. Comprehensive assessment of donor pancreas quality by combining histological evaluation with the donor's clinical indicators is conducive to improving the accuracy of donor pancreas selection and organ utilization.

Recently, significant progress has been made in the field of endovascular repair of complex aortic disease involving the major branches (aortic arch disease and complex abdominal aortic aneurysms). Open surgery was considered the “gold standard” for the treatment of these complicated aortic diseases, but was challenged by the huge surgical trauma and high risk of post-operative complications. However, the rapid development of branched and fenestrated endografts has provided an alternative safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for patients who cannot tolerate open surgery. Preliminary evidence has also shown that branched and fenestrated endografts have achieved significant technical success rates and clinical outcomes and have gradually become an important direction of innovation and development for endovascular repair of complex aortic disease. Nevertheless, both branched and fenestrated endografts are currently in the early stages of experience and a series of high-quality research studies are needed in the future to further compare them with open surgery and within different endovascular techniques.

The Pharmacopeia of the People’s Republic of China 2025 Edition (referred to as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition, ChP 2025) will be promulgated and implemented. This article introduces the process of development of ChP 2025 Edition (Volume Ⅱ), including the selection, the revision of general notices,the addition and revision of drug monographs, etc., and provides some analysis and examples to illustrate,which can facilitate the readers to understand and implement the ChP 2025 Edition (Volume Ⅱ).

The concept of holism is the core idea of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Various organs and tissues coordinate with each other to maintain the body's life activities， with a close and mutual influence between the spleen， stomach， and the central nervous system （brain）. The gut-brain axis plays an important bridging role between the digestive system and the central nervous system， achieving bidirectional information exchange between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract through complex neuroendocrine and immune mechanisms. The theory of cross-organ interaction involves the mutual influence， coordination， and integration between different organs and systems； multimodality， on the other hand， utilizes multiple sensory modalities， such as vision， hearing， and touch， to convey information. By combining TCM theory with the gut-brain axis theory， a cross-organ multimodal characterization system is established to explore its mechanism and application value in refractory diseases such as functional gastrointestinal disorders， precancerous gastrointestinal diseases， Alzheimer's disease， Parkinson's syndrome， type 2 diabetes， and depression.