Introduction: While 10 percent of global total population was above the age of 65 in 2022, it tends to rise to 16 percent in 2050. In the case of our country, as of 2021, individuals aged 60 and above comprised 7.7% of the total population, with tendency of an increase to 11.9% by 2030 and 21.1% by 2050. In 2018, a study conducted in Brazil, involving 573 elderly participants, found that 10.3% regularly taking five or more medications. This highlights the necessity of studying polypharmacy among the elderly. Goal: To identify inappropriate medication use among the elderly Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by analytic cross sectional design. Furthermore, the study was conducted during July 1, 2024, to October 1, 2024, in Ulaanbaatar, covering 6 districts. A total of 12 Family Health Centers (FHCs) were selected, including one from an apartment district and one from a ger district in each area. A random sampling method was used to select 238 elderly individuals aged 55 and above for females and 60 and above for males. From each district, 20 participants were selected, maintaining a gender ratio of 1:1. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s Chisquare test and multiple logistic regression analysis. The study was conducted after obtaining approval from the research ethics committee of “Ach” Medical University. Results: Among the 238 participants in the study, the gender distribution was equal, with 119 females (50%) and 119 males (50%). When analyzing the primary conditions requiring for regular medication by organ system, cardiovascular diseases were the most common, accounting for 89.9% (214) of total cases.
Among the elderly patients included in the study, 68% were found to have inappropriate medication use. Elderly females, aged 85 years and older (n=6, 100%) demonstrated a statistically significant higher prevalence of inappropriate medication use compared to other age groups (p =.023). Among those with inappropriate medication use, 54.9% were females and 45.1% were males, a difference that was also statistically significant (p = .026). Inappropriate medication use was significantly associated with the type of medication used for the primary disease (p = .001), dosage (p = .000), duration of use (p = .000), frequency of daily intake (p =.003), use of medications due to comorbidities (p =.000), and whether the medication was prescribed by a physician (p = .001).According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.25–4.29, p = .008), gender (OR 0.574, 95% CI 0.356–0.924, p = .022), education level (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.21–3.58, p = .008), and pension status (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.586–1.83, p = .904) were found to be influencing factors for inappropriate medication use. Conclutions 1. Inappropriate medication use among the elderly accounts for 68%.

Introduction: While 10 percent of global total population was above the age of 65 in 2022, it tends to rise to 16 percent in 2050. In the case of our country, as of 2021, individuals aged 60 and above comprised 7.7% of the total population, with tendency of an increase to 11.9% by 2030 and 21.1% by 2050. In 2018, a study conducted in Brazil, involving 573 elderly participants, found that 10.3% regularly taking five or more medications. This highlights the necessity of studying polypharmacy among the elderly. Materials and Methods : The study was conducted by analytic crosssectional design. Furthermore, the study was conducted during July 1, 2024, to October 1, 2024, in Ulaanbaatar, covering 6 districts. A total of 12 Family Health Centers (FHCs) were selected, including one from an apartment district and one from a ger district in each area. A random sampling method was used to select 238 elderly individuals aged 55 and above for females and 60 and above for males. From each district, 20 participants were selected, maintaining a gender ratio of 1:1. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. The study was conducted after obtaining approval from the research ethics committee of “Ach” Medical University. Results: Among the 238 participants in the study, the gender distribution was equal, with 119 females (50%) and 119 males (50%). When analyzing the primary conditions requiring for regular medication by organ system, cardiovascular diseases were the most common, accounting for 89.9% (214) of total cases. A total of 37 elderly patients (15.5%) were found to be on polypharmacy (taking five or more medications). Males (n=10, 21.3%) had a higher prevalence of polypharmacy compared to females (n=4, 18.2%).
Polypharmacy was significantly more prevalent among individuals aged 76–84 years, with a rate of 22.4% (p=0.006). Statistically significant differences were observed between polypharmacy and factors such as the type of medications taken for primary diseases (p=0.001), medication dosage (p=0.001), and duration of medication use (p=0.005). Additionally, polypharmacy showed a significant association with comorbid disease-related medication use (p=0.002). Elderly individuals with gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal comorbidities exhibited a higher prevalence of polypharmacy.
Other significant factors associated with polypharmacy included the type of medications used for comorbid conditions (p=0.001), daily medication frequency (p=0.020), and adherence to prescribed medications for comorbid conditions (p=0.017). Multivariate regression analysis identified gender (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.26-6.97, p=0.007), housing type (OR 0.283, 95% CI 0.117-0.685, p=0.002), medication dosage (OR 4.62, 95% CI 1.97 10.81, p=0.001), and duration of medication use (OR 0.249, 95% CI 0.098-0.631, p=0.003) as statistically significant predicting factors of polypharmacy. Conclusion The use of polypharmacy in the elderly of Ulaanbaatar is 15.5%.

Thrombosis is a term for a blood clot occurring inside a blood vessel. R. Virchow postulated that abnormalities in blood flow, hypercoagulability of the blood, and injury to the vessel wall are causally related to thrombus formation. Many of the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis aretrauma for 9.3- 18.8%, birth for 16-17.3%, surgery for 14.3-30.3%, infection disease for 9.7-15.9%, cancer for 3.5%, heart disease for 4.6% and 6.9-11.8% of deep vein thrombosis is an indistinct cause. Pain, swelling, warmth, edema and redness in the affected leg are common symptoms.The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis of the leg can be difficult with clinical findings and history being unreliable. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence has evidence based recommendations on the prevention and management of a wide range of health conditions. Here: incorporation of a clinical predication score, D-dimer, and venous duplex ultrasound. The D-dimer blood test measures degraded fibrinogen, which is raised in patients with a clot. However, it cannot confirm deep vein thrombosis, as D-dimer can be raised in other conditions including malignancy, infection, pregnancy, post-surgery, inflammation, trauma, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and renal impairment. There are two types venous ultrasound as the first line investigation for suspected deep vein thrombosis. The aim of treatment for deep vein thrombosis are:
• The prevention of a thrombus progress
• Decrease the risk of the pulmonary embolism
• The reduction of the thrombus expansion or resolution.
• The prevention of the post thrombotic symptoms
• Decrease the mortality of vein thrombosis
Guidelines from NICE and ACCP recommended direct oral anticoagulants as first line treatment for deep vein thrombosis. Direct oral anticoagulants include direct factor Xa inhibitors apixaban, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban, and a direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatron

BACKGROUND: 70-80% of the world’s population uses herbal therapy and drug preparations of traditional medicine for health and first aid treatment [1]. SDS is used for relieving fever and also used as an anti-inflammatory medicine.1-2 It is also used in the treatment of cancer and infectious disease in Eastern and Chinese medicine. It is important to study the pharmacological actions and do a genome study in order to use natural resources wisely and to access biological effects on the plant. AIM: The study of the herbal preparation Saposhnikovia Divaricata on joint inflammation MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the experimental procedures and protocols used in the study were reviewed and approved by the Bio-Medical Ethical Committee of Mongolian National University of Mongolia. A dry extract of SDS is root was prepared by the lyophilization method and used in the study. CIA pathology model were determined by the David D Brand (2005) method. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis of data was performed by SPSS 16.0 program and analyzed statistically using criteria of Student t test. RESULTS: As a result the treatment group of mice with the use of the drug Saposhnikovia divaricata and groups of mice were treated with sodium salicylate, the body weight of mice increased significantly, and histological signs of inflammation were pronounced. In the mice of the control group who did not receive treatment, body weight decreased significantly, and histological signs of inflammation of the joints were expressed significantly. CONCLUSION: Preparation of Saposhnikovia divaricata decreased inflammation of arthritis.

BACKGROUND: A recent day is one of a rare drug plant, which use in traditional medicine a long time ago. Therefore based on nature resource of traditional medicine, on the base of evaluating pharmacological and biological action to develop a new drug of plant origin is important not only for treatment, but also has a economic significance. This plant has profound medicinal use and is a proved antipyretic, analgesic anti inflammatory and anti-cancer. No detail report was found in literature to evaluate renal damage experimentally in rats. The present study was hence designed to determine protective effect (Saposhnikovia divaricate (Turcz) Schischk) kanamycin-induced nephrotoxicy in rats. In addition, we attempted to test and compare the possible action of Saposhnikovia divaricate (Turcz) Schischk) kanamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental animals A dry extract of SDS is root was prepared by the lyophilization method and used in the study. Threemonth old Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150-250 g were used for the study. The animals were placed at random and allocated to treatment groups in polypropylene cages with paddy husk as bedding. Animals were housed at a temperature of 24 ± 2⁰C and relative humidity of 30-70%. A 12/12 h light and dark cycle was followed. All animals were fed on standard balanced diet and provided with water ad libitum. All the experimental procedures and protocols used in the study were reviewed and approved by the Bio-Medical Ethical Committee of Mongolian National University of Mongolia. Biochemical estimation At the end of experimental period, rats were anaesthetized with ether. The pathological model of kidney we use lipid peroxidation in the process of kidney inflammation kidney tissue, blood serum, erythrocyte MDA of membrane amount on 3, 7, 14 day by using spectrophotometer apparatus of “Shimadzu” firm of Japan and measured absorption at 535 nm. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis of data was performed by SPSS 16.0 program and analyzed statistically using criteria of Student t test. RESULTS: When we studied effect of extract of SDS preparation to condition of lipid peroxidation activation in the process of kidney inflammation by the indices of MDA which contains in blood plasma and erythrocyte membrane, MDA amount in renal tissue, amount of MDA decreased and it showed effect of decreasing lipid peroxidation MDA of plasma. CONCLUSION: The extract of Saposhnikoviadivaricata (Turcz) Schischk) has action of protecting kidney and decreasing lipid per oxidation.