Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are characterized by extensive pathological involvement and high prevalence and cause a significant disease burden. Long-term drug administration often causes by adverse effects with poor therapeutic efficacy. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), as a specialized therapeutic modality, delivers acoustic energy at a low intensity in a pulsed wave mode, thus ensuring stable energy transmission to the target tissues while minimizing thermal effects. This non-invasive approach has demonstrated significant potential for MSD treatment by delivering effective physical stimulations. Extensive animal and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of LIPUS for accelerating the healing process of fresh fractures and nonunions, promoting soft tissue regeneration and suppressing inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence suggests promising applications of LIPUS in skeletal muscle injury treatment and promoting tissue regeneration and repair. This review outlines the recent advancements and mechanistic studies of LIPUS for treatment of common MSDs including fractures, nonunions, muscle injuries, and osteoarthritis, addressing also the technical parameters of commercially available LIPUS devices, current therapeutic approaches, the existing challenges, and future research directions.
Humans ; Ultrasonic Therapy/methods* ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/therapy* ; Ultrasonic Waves ; Osteoarthritis/therapy* ; Muscle, Skeletal/injuries*

Objective:To study the infection and epidemiological characteristics of soil borne nematode disease in Sihong County, Suqian City, and to provide scientific basis for further development of prevention and control measures.Methods:In 2022, according to geographic location, Sihong County was divided into east and west areas. Jieji Town, Shiji Township, and Linhuai Town were selected from the east area, and Tianganghu Township, Meihua Town from the west area. One administrative village was selected as a survey point in each township. Using cluster sampling method, 450 permanent residents aged 3 years old and older in the village were selected as the respondents for questionnaire survey and fecal sample collection. The infection status of hookworms, roundworms, whipworms and pinworms in fecal samples were examined, transparent tape anal swab method for detecting pinworm eggs in children, and influencing factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 264 survey subjects were included, 18 cases of soil borne nematodes were detected as positive, with an overall positive rate of 0.80%. Among them, 15 cases were positive for hookworms, 1 case was positive for whipworms, and 2 cases were positive for pinworms, with detection rates of 0.66%, 0.04%, and 0.09%, respectively. No ascaris lumbricoides were detected. Transparent tape anal swab method was used to examine 142 children, and the positivity rate of 1.41% (2/142). By township, the detection rate of soil borne nematodes was the highest in Jieji Town, at 2.41% (11/457); the others were Meihua Town, Tianganghu Township, Shiji Township, and Linhuai Town, with detection rates of 0.89% (4/451),0.66% (3/454), 0 (0/451) and 0 (0/451), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between different townships (χ 2 = 19.21, P < 0.001). Among the 18 positive cases of soil borne nematode, 7 were males and 11 were females, with detection rates of 0.66% (7/1 063) and 0.92% (11/1 201), respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 0.47, P = 0.491). The age distribution showed the highest detection rate in the 40 - < 60 age group, at 1.42% (9/634), with statistically significant differences between different age groups (χ 2 = 6.41, P = 0.033). The occupational distribution showed the highest detection rate in farmers, at 1.46% (9/617), with statistically significant differences between different professions (χ 2 = 8.00, P = 0.034). The differences in total soil borne nematode and hookworm detection rates were statistically significant among different methods of treating human and animal feces (χ 2 = 11.01, 9.02, P = 0.003, 0.011). Conclusions:The main species of soil borne nematode infections in Sihong County, Suqian City are hookworms, with fewer infections of whipworms and pinworms, and no roundworm infections observed. There are regional differences in detection rate. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen health education for key populations, enhance health knowledge publicity, and effectively intervene to change unhealthy production and lifestyle, further reducing the infection of soil borne nematodes in Suqian City.

Objective:This study focuses on Na +-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) deficiency to analyze and investigate the value of the serum bile acid profile for facilitating the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Methods:Clinical data of 66 patients with cholestatic liver diseases (CLDs) diagnosed and treated in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from early April 2015 to the end of December 2021 were collected, including 32 cases of NTCP deficiency (16 adults and 16 children), 16 cases of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), 8 cases of Alagille syndrome, and 10 cases of biliary atresia. At the same time, adult and pediatric healthy control groups (15 cases each) were established. The serum bile acid components of the study subjects were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The data were plotted and compared using statistical SPSS 19.0 and GraphPad Prism 5.0 software. The clinical and bile acid profiles of children with NTCP deficiency and corresponding healthy controls, as well as differences between NTCP deficiency and other CLDs, were compared using statistical methods such as t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests.Results:Compared with the healthy control, the levels of total conjugated bile acids, total primary bile acids, total secondary bile acids, glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid were increased in NTCP deficiency patients ( P < 0.05). Compared with adults with NTCP deficiency, the levels of total conjugated bile acids and total primary bile acids were significantly increased in children with NTCP deficiency ( P < 0.05). The serum levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycolithocholate, taurohyocholate, and tauro-α-muricholic acid were significantly increased in children with NTCP deficiency, but the bile acid levels such as glycodeoxycholic acid, glycolithocholate, and lithocholic acid were decreased ( P < 0.05). The serum levels of secondary bile acids such as lithocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and hyodeoxycholic acid were significantly higher in children with NTCP deficiency than those in other CLD groups such as NICCD, Alagille syndrome, and biliary atresia ( P < 0.05). Total primary bile acids/total secondary bile acids, total conjugated bile acids/total unconjugated bile acids, taurocholic acid, serum taurodeoxycholic acid, and glycodeoxycholic acid effectively distinguished children with NTCP deficiency from other non-NTCP deficiency CLDs. Conclusion:This study confirms that serum bile acid profile analysis has an important reference value for facilitating the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NTCP deficiency. Furthermore, it deepens the scientific understanding of the changing characteristics of serum bile acid profiles in patients with CLDs such as NTCP deficiency, provides a metabolomic basis for in-depth understanding of its pathogenesis, and provides clues and ideas for subsequent in-depth research.

Objective:To investigate the application of diagnostic criteria for common occupational radiation-induced diseases to radiation workers, in order to provide a basis for the revision, publicity and standardization of the standards.Methods:Radiation workers were selected from 1 city, 7 provinces and 1 corporation by using cluster random sampling method from January 2021 to May 2021. Awareness of the criteria and the effects of ionizing radiation, and the suggestions for diagnostic works were investigated and analyzed.Results:A total of 2 839 radiation workers were investigated. There were differences in the awareness of different diagnostic criteria, the inclusions in complex diagnostic criteria, the materials required for applying for diagnosis, and the ways of knowing the diagnostic criteria( χ2=416.06, 2 924.14, 83.45, 895.67, 815.94, P<0.001). The correct understanding rates of deterministic effects and stochastic effects were 80.63% and 43.64%, respectively. The acceptance rates in applicable materials were 96.79% for occupational exposure history, 94.72% for occupational health monitoring records and 93.55% for individual monitoring of occupational exposure, respectively. Pre-employment training rate was 80.20%, on-job training rate was 81.19%, and untrained rate was 3.77%. The suggestions to the diagnosis of occupational radiation-induced diseases are to strengthen training, pay attention to individual monitoring, occupational health examination, and strengthen health supervision and law enforcement. Conclusions:Radiation workers have a low awareness rate of certain diagnostic standards and a high awareness rate of diagnostic procedures. Publicity and training of health effects of ionizing radiation and diagnostic criteria of occupational radiation-induced diseases should be strengthened. Diagnostic procedure should be optimized.

Dravet syndrome is a rare and severe developmental epileptic encephalopathy with variable clinical phenotypes.Dravet syndrome is difficult to diagnose and treat, and related comorbidities have a profound impact on the long-term quality of life of patients and their parents.SCN1A is the main pathogenic gene of Dravet syndrome, and SCN1A mutations are found in more than 85% of the patients.In recent years, with the development of genetic testing technology and the accumulation of cases, the understanding of the characteristics of epileptic seizures, comorbidities and SCN1A gene mutation characteristics in Dravet syndrome has gradually deepened.In addition to conventional antiepileptic drugs, new antiepileptic drugs(cannabidiol, fenfluramine)have also shown good antiepileptic effects and are expected to become second-line drugs for the treatment of Dravet syndrome seizures.This article mainly reviews the research progress of unique clinical phenotype, SCN1A gene mutation characteristics and new antiepileptic drugs of Dravet syndrome, in order to deepen clinicians′ understanding of the disease.

Abnormal expression and dysfunction of voltage-gated Calcium channels (VGCCs) can give rise to a variety of neurological disorders in children, including epilepsy, migraine and ataxia.In the past, only CACNA1A, CACNA1H, CACNA2D2 and CACNB4 were considered associated with epilepsy in children.In recent years, an increasing number of VGCCs gene associated with epilepsy in children have been found, especially developmental and epileptic encephalopathy genes.This study aims to review the research progress of VGCCs gene mutations associated with epilepsy in children.

Objective:To investigate the effect of suspended leukocyte poor red blood cell transfusion on hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.Methods:50 cases of MDS patients treated in Shandong Blood Center from January 2016 to December 2019 were selected as the research object. According to the different infusion of blood components, they were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 25 cases in each group.The patients in the observation group were treated with s suspended leukocyte poor red blood cell transfusion, and the patients in the control group were treated with washing red blood cell infusion.The level of HO-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-α and the T cell subset such as CD 3+, CD 4+, CD 8+ and CD 4+/CD 8+ in the serum before and after transfusion were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results:There was no statistically significantdifference in the level of HO-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the serum of the two groups before transfusion ( P>0.05); After transfusion, TNF-α in the serum of the observation group significantly decreased, compared with that in control group: (152.10 ± 21.89) ng/L vs. (201.14 ± 28.90) ng/L, (1.34 ± 0.45) ng/L vs. (2.89 ± 1.01) ng/L. However, the HO-1 significantly increased: (78.91 ± 15.74) μg/L vs. (58.99 ± 13.33) μg/L, andthe difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was nostatistically significantdifference in the immunologic functions of the two groups before transfusion ( P>0.05); After transfusion, CD 4+/CD 8+of the observation group both significantly increased, compared with that inthe control group: (49.11 ± 19.13)% vs. (47.13 ± 12.84)%, (25.23 ± 10.80)% vs. (21.09 ± 12.28)%, (24.74 ± 10.84)% vs. (21.88 ± 11.18)%, 1.02 ± 0.25 vs. 0.96 ± 0.20, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The expression level of HO-1 in peripheral blood and immune function of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome can be improved by suspended leukocyte poor red blood cell transfusion.

Affective brain-computer interfaces (aBCIs) has important application value in the field of human-computer interaction. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been widely concerned in the field of emotion recognition due to its advantages in time resolution, reliability and accuracy. However, the non-stationary characteristics and individual differences of EEG limit the generalization of emotion recognition model in different time and different subjects. In this paper, in order to realize the recognition of emotional states across different subjects and sessions, we proposed a new domain adaptation method, the maximum classifier difference for domain adversarial neural networks (MCD_DA). By establishing a neural network emotion recognition model, the shallow feature extractor was used to resist the domain classifier and the emotion classifier, respectively, so that the feature extractor could produce domain invariant expression, and train the decision boundary of classifier learning task specificity while realizing approximate joint distribution adaptation. The experimental results showed that the average classification accuracy of this method was 88.33% compared with 58.23% of the traditional general classifier. It improves the generalization ability of emotion brain-computer interface in practical application, and provides a new method for aBCIs to be used in practice.
Algorithms ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Emotions ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To avoid the accumulation of copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles, prepare and optimize CuS nanoparticles, analyze the factors affecting the particle size and evaluate their photothermal properties. Methods Based on the single factor study, central composite design-response surface methodology was used to optimize the CuS nanoparticle formulation process. The morphology, particle size stability, photothermal conversion efficiency, photothermal stability of optimized CuS nanoparticles were characterized. The toxicity of CuS nanoparticles on 4T1 breast cancer cells and HK2 kidney cells was evaluated by CCK-8 method. In vitro photothermal experiment was used to investigate the ability of CuS nanoparticles on killing 4T1 breast cancer cells. Results The average hydration dynamic diameter of optimized CuS nanoparticles was (10.53±1.63)nm, the actual particle size of CuS nanoparticles showed by TEM image was (3.10±0.81)nm. It had good particle size stability, good photothermal conversion efficiency and photothermal stability. Within the concentration range of 100 μg/ml and 150 μg/ml，it showed no significant toxicity on 4T1 breast cancer cells and HK2 kidney cells, indicating the good stability of CuS nanoparticles. In vitro photothermal therapy showed that CuS nanoparticles had good ability to kill 4T1 breast cancer cells by photothermal. Conclusion The prepared CuS nanoparticles have a small particle size (less than 6nm) and a good photothermal effect, which is expected to solve the problem of CuS nanoparticles accumulation in vivo and make it better for tumor treatment.