Objective:To investigate the current situation of depressive symptoms, effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and sleep quality among train drivers, explore the interaction mechanism between various factors and depressive symptoms, and provide a certain theoretical basis for reducing the level of depressive symptoms among train drivers.Methods:From January to December 2022, train drivers were selected as the research subjects from the locomotive depot of a certain railway bureau through cluster sampling, with a total of 1392 people. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the basic situation, ERI, sleep quality and depressive symptoms of train drivers. Multiple stepwise regression was used to analyze the effects of each dimension of ERI and sleep quality on depressive symptoms, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of ERI and sleep quality on depressive symptoms.Results:Among 1392 train drivers, 897 (64.4%) were classified as having depressive symptoms. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the dimensions of external effort, reward and overcommitment of ERI explained 10.3% of the variation in depressive symptoms ( P<0.01). Sleep quality explained 9.9% of the variation in depressive symptoms ( P< 0.01). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding variables such as age, length of service, and educational level, high external effort ( OR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.76-2.79) and high overcommitment ( OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.50-2.39) and poor sleep quality ( OR=5.82, 95% CI: 4.52-7.49) increased the risk of depressive symptoms for train drivers ( P<0.01), while reward was a protective factor for depressive symptoms ( OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.35-0.55, P<0.01). In the ERI model, high effort and low reward was the greatest risk factor for depressive symptoms ( OR=4.77, 95% CI: 3.41-6.69, P<0.01). In the interaction between ERI and sleep quality, high ERI and poor sleep quality had the greatest negative impact on depressive symptoms ( OR=15.90, 95% CI: 7.27-34.76, P<0.01) . Conclusion:The influence of ERI on depressive symptoms of train drivers has both direct and indirect effects, and sleep quality plays a partial mediating role in the influence of ERI on depressive symptoms.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of depressive symptoms, effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and sleep quality among train drivers, explore the interaction mechanism between various factors and depressive symptoms, and provide a certain theoretical basis for reducing the level of depressive symptoms among train drivers.Methods:From January to December 2022, train drivers were selected as the research subjects from the locomotive depot of a certain railway bureau through cluster sampling, with a total of 1392 people. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the basic situation, ERI, sleep quality and depressive symptoms of train drivers. Multiple stepwise regression was used to analyze the effects of each dimension of ERI and sleep quality on depressive symptoms, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of ERI and sleep quality on depressive symptoms.Results:Among 1392 train drivers, 897 (64.4%) were classified as having depressive symptoms. The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the dimensions of external effort, reward and overcommitment of ERI explained 10.3% of the variation in depressive symptoms ( P<0.01). Sleep quality explained 9.9% of the variation in depressive symptoms ( P< 0.01). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding variables such as age, length of service, and educational level, high external effort ( OR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.76-2.79) and high overcommitment ( OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.50-2.39) and poor sleep quality ( OR=5.82, 95% CI: 4.52-7.49) increased the risk of depressive symptoms for train drivers ( P<0.01), while reward was a protective factor for depressive symptoms ( OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.35-0.55, P<0.01). In the ERI model, high effort and low reward was the greatest risk factor for depressive symptoms ( OR=4.77, 95% CI: 3.41-6.69, P<0.01). In the interaction between ERI and sleep quality, high ERI and poor sleep quality had the greatest negative impact on depressive symptoms ( OR=15.90, 95% CI: 7.27-34.76, P<0.01) . Conclusion:The influence of ERI on depressive symptoms of train drivers has both direct and indirect effects, and sleep quality plays a partial mediating role in the influence of ERI on depressive symptoms.

Objective To investigate the nutritional knowledge,attitudes,and behaviors of air crew in a sanatorium from 2020 to 2022,and analyzing their nutritional management methods.Methods A total of 118 air crew members in a sanatorium from 2020 to 2022 were included in this study.A questionnaire survey on nutritional knowledge,attitude and behavior was conducted to collect basic information.The scores of nutritional knowledge,attitude and behavior were compared among air crew of different types of job,ages,genders and diseases.Nutritional management methods were adopted according to the survey results,and the scores of nutritional knowledge,attitude and behavior were compared before and after nutritional management.Results Before nutritional management,the scores of nutrition knowledge,attitude and behavior of fighters were higher than those of transport planes and bombers(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in the nutritional knowledge,attitude or behavior scores between air crew members of different genders(P>0.05).After nutritional management,there were no significant difference in the nutritional knowledge,attitude,or behavior scores among air crew of different aircraft types,ages,genders,or disease conditions(P>0.05).The nutritional knowledge,attitude,and behavior scores were increased after nutritional management in all the air crew members(P<0.05).The nutritional knowledge,attitude,and behavior of air crew members were positively correlated with each other(P<0.05).Conclusion The air crew in a sanatorium from 2020 to 2022 have low scores of nutritional knowledge,attitude and behavior.Their knowledge,attitude,and behavior in nutrition management are mutually influenced.Nutrition management measures can improve their nutrition knowledge level,enhance their attitude towards nutrition management,and promote their healthy nutrition behavior.

Background The risks of unhealthy working mood and physical and mental health problems are high in the workers of petrochemical enterprises. Resilience is a positive psychological factor, which can provide positive ability to manage stress and job burnout, relieve tension, depression, anxiety, and other psychological discomfort. Objective To explore the moderating or mediating effect of resilience on the association between job burnout and sleep disorders in workers of petrochemical enterprises. Methods A survey with questionnaire of general information, resilience, job burnout (including exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy), and sleep disorders was conducted among 1087 workers who were selected by cluster sampling from a petrochemical enterprise in Henan Province in April 2022. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to test the differences of scores among different demographic groups. Resilience, job burnout (including exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy), and sleep disorder scores were analyzed by partial correlation analysis. The moderating effect of resilience was examined by linear regression analysis, and the mediating effect of resilience by Bootstrap method. Results A total of 861 questionnaires were collected, of which 857 were effective, and the effective rate was 99.5%. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of job burnout score was 1.24 (0.65, 2.22) and the incidence of job burnout was 36.4% (312/857); the scores [M (P₂₅, P₇₅)] of exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy were 1.40 (0.80, 3.00), 1.00 (0.20, 1.60), and 5.50 (4.00, 6.00), respectively. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of resilience score was 36.00 (30.00, 41.00). The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) of sleep disorder score was 11.00 (7.00, 15.00). The partial correlation analysis results showed that job burnout, exhaustion, and cynicism were negatively correlated with resilience (r=−0.387, −0.248, −0.247, P<0.01), and positively correlated with sleep disorders (r=0.455, 0.445, 0.357, P<0.01); professional efficacy was positively correlated with resilience (r=0.366, P<0.01) and negatively correlated with sleep disorders (r=−0.184, P<0.01); resilience was negatively correlated with sleep disorders (r=−0.349, P<0.01). The linear regression analysis results found that job burnout, exhaustion, and cynicism elevated the risk of sleep disorders (P<0.01), resilience lowered the risk of sleep disorders (P<0.01); but the relationship between job burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy) and sleep disorders was not moderated by resilience (P＞0.05). The mediating effect test showed that resilience played a partial mediating role in the associations of job burnout, exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy with sleep disorders, the mediating effects were 0.522 (95%CI: 0.283-0.777), 0.310 (95%CI: 0.188-0.453), 0.364 (95%CI: 0.228-0.524), −0.542 (95%CI: −0.741-−0.366) and the mediating effects accounted for 17.31%, 14.12%, 19.24%, and 64.72% of the total effects, respectively. Conclusion The relationship between job burnout and sleep disorders is partially mediated by resilience among workers in the selected petrochemical company, but no moderating effect is found.

The passing of ethical review is a necessary conditions and prerequisite for the development of life science and medical research involving humans. At present, some medical and health institutions have no or insufficient ethical review capabilities. The lack of ethical review ability has become a bottleneck restricting the development of life science and medical research involving humans. According to documents such as Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Opinions on Strengthening the Ethical Governance of Science and Technology, institutions can entrust competent institutional ethics review committees or regional ethics review committees in writing to conduct ethical review. Entrustment ethical review provides a viable solution for institutions that need to carry out life science and medical research involving humans but do not have an ethics (review) committee or the ethics (review) committee is not competent to review. To conduct the entrustment ethical review, the entrustment between the principal and the trustee is required. According to The Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans, if medical and health institutions and their ethical review committees do not accept the formal entrustment to provide the ethical review opinions for other institutions, the local health authorities at or above the county level will impose administrative penalties and sanctions on the relevant institutions and personnel in accordance with the law. Signing the entrustment ethical review contract, implementing legal compliance entrusted ethical review to protect the rights and interests of the trustee and the principal, and protect the research participants.

Objective:To explore the moderating and mediating effects of psychological capital in the associations of job monotony and depressive symptoms.Methods:A convenient sampling method was used to sample 1 473 workers from a natural gas field in southwest China in October 2018.The sociodemographic characteristics, job monotony scale, PsyCap questionnaire and center of epidemiological survey, depression scale(CES-D) were conducted.Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 and Process v3.2 softwares.The statistical methods included t-test, one-way ANOVA, χ2 test, partial correlation analysis, multivariate regression analysis or Bootstrap method. Results:A total of 323 workers with depressive symptoms were detected, with a detection rate of 21.9%(323/1 473). The correlation analysis results showed that job monotony (13.67±1.38) was negatively correlated with self-efficacy (25.81±4.56), hope(25.91±4.55), resilience (26.80±3.80) and optimism (24.56±3.17) ( r=-0.26, -0.38, -0.36, -0.42 respectively, all P<0.01), and positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( r=0.50, P<0.01). Self-efficacy ( r=-0.38, P<0.05), hope ( r=-0.44, P<0.05), resilience ( r=-0.43, P<0.01) and optimism ( r=-0.47, P<0.01) were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms.The multivariate regression analysis results showed that self-efficacy and optimism had moderating effects on the associations of job monotony and depressive symptoms (both P<0.05), while hope and resilience had no moderating effects on the associations of job monotony and depressive symptoms (both P>0.05). The mediating effect test results showed that self-efficacy, hope, resilience and optimism played partial mediating roles in the associations of job monotony and depressive symptoms (all P<0.01), and the mediating effects were 0.139, 0.304, 0.232 and 0.339 respectively, and the proportion of mediating effect value to total effect was 12.2%, 23.3%, 18.8% and 25.3% respectively. Conclusion:Self-efficacy and optimism have moderating and mediating effects on the associations of job monotony and depressive symptoms, while hope and resilience have only mediating effects on the relationship between job monotony and depressive symptoms.

An unexpected observation among the COVID-19 pandemic is that smokers constituted only 1.4%-18.5% of hospitalized adults, calling for an urgent investigation to determine the role of smoking in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we show that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) increase ACE2 mRNA but trigger ACE2 protein catabolism. BaP induces an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent upregulation of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp2 for ACE2 ubiquitination. ACE2 in lung tissues of non-smokers is higher than in smokers, consistent with the findings that tobacco carcinogens downregulate ACE2 in mice. Tobacco carcinogens inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirions infection of the cells. Given that tobacco smoke accounts for 8 million deaths including 2.1 million cancer deaths annually and Skp2 is an oncoprotein, tobacco use should not be recommended and cessation plan should be prepared for smokers in COVID-19 pandemic.
Adult ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Lung ; Mice ; Pandemics ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics*

Objective To explore hemodynamic performance of the aortic dissection after lesions, so as to provide a more scientific basis for patient treatment. Methods Based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) image data from a patient with complex Stanford B-type aortic dissection, the personalized aortic dissection models with different rupture shapes (H-type, O-type, and V-type) at proximal end of the aortic dissection were established. Combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and morphological analysis method, distributions of the velocity at rupture section, the blood flow, the wall pressure and the wall shear stress (WSS) were analyzed. Results The flow velocity, the highest pressure difference and the WSS proportion at entrance of the H-shaped rupture showed larger hemodynamic parameters than those of the other two types. The risk of dissection rupture for type H was the largest, while type V was in the middle, and type O was the smallest. Conclusions This study provides an effective reference for further numerical analysis the cases and formulation of treatment plans.

Objective:To explore the correlation of job monotony and social support on daily hassle.Methods:A convenient sampling survey of demographics characteristics, job monotony, social support and daily hassle was conducted on 1 466 natural gas field workers by questionnaire in October; 2018. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation of job monotony and social support on daily hassle.Results:The age of 1 466 subjects was (44.47±8.0) years and the length of service was (20.46±5.77) years. There were 258(17.6%), 173(11.8%), 799(54.5%), 120(8.2%) and 116(7.9%) subjects from production and marketing department, processing plant, branch, maintenance department and emergency center respectively. There were 374(25.5%) and 1 092(74.5%) subjects with high and low level of job monotony, and 398(27.1%), 648(44.2%) and 420(28.6%) subjects with high, middle and low level of social support. There were 464(31.7%) and 1 002(68.3%) subjects with high and low daily tension respectively. Compared with the low level of job monotony, the high level of job monotony had a higher risk of daily hassle( OR=4.83, P<0.001), and compared with the high level of social support, the middle and low level of social support had a higher risk of daily hassle( OR=1.25, 2.24, P<0.05). Conclusion:Job monotony and social support were associated with daily hassle.

Objective:To explore the interaction between shift work and psychological capital on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.Methods:A convenient sampling survey of demographics characteristics, shift work and psychological capital was conducted on 1 415 natural gas field workers by questionnaire in October 2018,and their physiological and biochemical indexes were measured according to standard norms. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the interaction between shift work and psychological capital on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.Results:For 1 415 subjectsthe prevalence of abnormal blood glucose was 21.2%, the prevalence of diabetes was 8.3%.The prevalence of abnormal total cholesterol was 40.4%, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 11.3%.The prevalence of abnormal triglyceride was 41.6%, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 24.7%.The detection rate of Low-density Lipoprotein was 17.3%, the detection rate of Low-density Lipoprotein was 4.0%, and the detection rate of high-density Lipoprotein was 1.3%. Multiple logistic regression model analysis showed that shift work, the low level of self-efficacy and the low level of optimism was positively associated with abnormal blood glucose, respectively ( P<0.05). Shift work was positively associated with abnormal triglyceride ( P<0.05). However, there was no interaction between shift work, low self-efficacy, low hope, low resilience, and low optimism on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Conclusion:Shift work was a risk factor of abnormal blood glucose and triglyceride, self-efficacy and optimism were protective factors of abnormal blood glucose. There was no multiplicative interaction between shift work and psychological capital on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in the study population.