Objective To establish the characteristic atlas of Shexiang Jiegu Capsule and determine the contents of seven active components （hydroxysafflor Yellow A, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, naringin, ligustilide, catechin, epicatechin）. Methods Octadecyl silane bonded silica gel was used as the filling agent, the mobile phase was composed of methanol-0.05% phosphoric acid by gradient elution, the detection wavelength was 245 nm, flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, column temperature was 30℃. The similarity of the fifteen batches of sample was evaluated in line with the TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）, and the contents of seven active components were determined. Results The HPLC fingerprint of Shexiang Jiegu Capsules was established. The similarity of fingerprint between fifteen batches of samples and control fingerprint was between 0.893 and 0.992. The results of methodological investigation for the determination of seven active components in fifteen batches of samples all met the requirements. Conclusion The established characteristic atlas of Shexiang Jiegu Capsules had high specificity and good repeatability, which could provide scientific basis for quality control of Shexiang Jiegu Capsules.

Intricate nature of Immunology teaching,characterized by diverse cellular types,complex molecular mechanisms,and highly dynamic immune responses,poses significant challenges.Utilization of artificial intelligence(AI)technology to provide personalized learning pathways and resources for Immunology education has emerged as a critical direction in contemporary educational reform.By examining current domestic application status and specific teaching practices,this article explores gap between AI technology and traditional teaching theories,analyzes issues such as deep integration and transformation of teacher's role.Special attention is also given to ethical considerations,including privacy protection,fairness and accessibility,and ethical implications of data processing.In response to these issues,authors propose a set of comprehensive recommendations,including establishing a student-centered learning model,strengthening teaching staff capabilities,improving privacy protection and algorithmic transparency,promoting educational equity,and reinforcing ethical education,aiming to support healthy and sustainable development of AI technology within Immunology education,offering valuable insights for reform and innovation of Immunology education.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of the gastric oxyntic gland adenoma(GOGA).Methods We collected 18 samples of GOGA,histopathological features and immunohistochemical staining were assessed.Main features of pathological diagnosis,treatment methods and follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 18 patients,including 9 females and 9 males,aged from 36 to 86 years old.The endoscopic im-age showed a flat lesion with whitish in color or a polypoid protrusions.The size ranged from 0.3 cm to 0.8 cm.Hema-toxylin and eosin staining showed irregular glandular structures in the mucosal lamina propria,with branched and anas-tomosed patterns.The tumour demonstrating composed of chief cells hyperplasia with mild nuclear atypia.All lesions were confined to the mucous lamina propria.There was no atrophic within the peripheral gastic mucosa.Immunohisto-chemical examination showed positive for Pepsinogen-Ⅰ and MUC6.Gene mutation were analyzed in 2 cases using next generation sequence technology,and no KRAS and GNAS mutation had been detected.Endoscopic surgical treatment was performed in 11 cases,and biopsy forceps removal was carried out in 7 cases.No recurrence or metastasis was ob-served during the follow-up period of 1 to 58 months.Conclusion GOGA is a rare lesion,and appears to behave bio-logically benign.A full understanding of its histological morphology and biological behavior can improve the diagnostic ability of clinincans,and facilitate further research in the future.

Objective To systematically evaluate the factors that promote and hinder exercise in frail older adults,and to provide references for the formulation of exercise intervention programs.Methods We searched PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,Cochrane library,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP database,and China Biomedical Literature Database for qualitative studies on exercise facilitators and hindrances in frail older adults,and the search time period was from the establishment of the databases to September 1,2024.The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Brigg Institute Australian Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research(2016),and the results were integrated by integrating methods.Results A total of 18 studies were included,and 72 research results were extracted,and 10 categories were summarized.The final synthesis included 2 integrated results:the facilitators included personal exercise motivation,physical and psychological benefits,positive interpersonal interactions,multiple social support systems and person-centred exercise programme;the impediments included underlying diseases and somatic functional limitations,negative psychological status,low health literacy,family role conflicts and limits of the environment.Conclusion Exercise for frail older adults is affected by a variety of factors.Healthcare professionals should improve the positive perception of exercise for frail older people and help them overcome psychological barriers;establish an all-round support system to enhance the sense of social contact of the frail elderly;formulate a personalised exercise programme with a human-centred approach to enhance the motivation of the frail elderly.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of the gastric oxyntic gland adenoma(GOGA).Methods We collected 18 samples of GOGA,histopathological features and immunohistochemical staining were assessed.Main features of pathological diagnosis,treatment methods and follow-up were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 18 patients,including 9 females and 9 males,aged from 36 to 86 years old.The endoscopic im-age showed a flat lesion with whitish in color or a polypoid protrusions.The size ranged from 0.3 cm to 0.8 cm.Hema-toxylin and eosin staining showed irregular glandular structures in the mucosal lamina propria,with branched and anas-tomosed patterns.The tumour demonstrating composed of chief cells hyperplasia with mild nuclear atypia.All lesions were confined to the mucous lamina propria.There was no atrophic within the peripheral gastic mucosa.Immunohisto-chemical examination showed positive for Pepsinogen-Ⅰ and MUC6.Gene mutation were analyzed in 2 cases using next generation sequence technology,and no KRAS and GNAS mutation had been detected.Endoscopic surgical treatment was performed in 11 cases,and biopsy forceps removal was carried out in 7 cases.No recurrence or metastasis was ob-served during the follow-up period of 1 to 58 months.Conclusion GOGA is a rare lesion,and appears to behave bio-logically benign.A full understanding of its histological morphology and biological behavior can improve the diagnostic ability of clinincans,and facilitate further research in the future.

Objective To systematically evaluate the factors that promote and hinder exercise in frail older adults,and to provide references for the formulation of exercise intervention programs.Methods We searched PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,Cochrane library,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP database,and China Biomedical Literature Database for qualitative studies on exercise facilitators and hindrances in frail older adults,and the search time period was from the establishment of the databases to September 1,2024.The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Brigg Institute Australian Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Quality Assessment Criteria for Qualitative Research(2016),and the results were integrated by integrating methods.Results A total of 18 studies were included,and 72 research results were extracted,and 10 categories were summarized.The final synthesis included 2 integrated results:the facilitators included personal exercise motivation,physical and psychological benefits,positive interpersonal interactions,multiple social support systems and person-centred exercise programme;the impediments included underlying diseases and somatic functional limitations,negative psychological status,low health literacy,family role conflicts and limits of the environment.Conclusion Exercise for frail older adults is affected by a variety of factors.Healthcare professionals should improve the positive perception of exercise for frail older people and help them overcome psychological barriers;establish an all-round support system to enhance the sense of social contact of the frail elderly;formulate a personalised exercise programme with a human-centred approach to enhance the motivation of the frail elderly.

Intricate nature of Immunology teaching,characterized by diverse cellular types,complex molecular mechanisms,and highly dynamic immune responses,poses significant challenges.Utilization of artificial intelligence(AI)technology to provide personalized learning pathways and resources for Immunology education has emerged as a critical direction in contemporary educational reform.By examining current domestic application status and specific teaching practices,this article explores gap between AI technology and traditional teaching theories,analyzes issues such as deep integration and transformation of teacher's role.Special attention is also given to ethical considerations,including privacy protection,fairness and accessibility,and ethical implications of data processing.In response to these issues,authors propose a set of comprehensive recommendations,including establishing a student-centered learning model,strengthening teaching staff capabilities,improving privacy protection and algorithmic transparency,promoting educational equity,and reinforcing ethical education,aiming to support healthy and sustainable development of AI technology within Immunology education,offering valuable insights for reform and innovation of Immunology education.

Objective:To establish a general method for the simultaneous determination of hydroxyphenyl esters and quaternary ammonium bacteriostatic agents in eye drops.Methods:The chromatographic analysis was per-formed on an Agilent C18 column(4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm)with 1％triethylamine solution(pH adjusted to 5.0 with phosphoric acid)as mobile phase A and methanol as mobile phase B.Gradient elution was performed at col-umn temperature of 40 ℃.The detection wavelength was 214 nm,the flow rate was 1 mL·min-1,and the injec-tion volume was 20 μL.Results:Methylparaben,ethylparaben,propylparaben,butylparaben,benzalkonium chlo-ride and benzalkonium bromide were 0.11-559.0,0.10-513.0,0.10-258.8,0.11-270.5,1.07-537.0 and 1.03-512.8 μg·mL-1,respectively.The linear range was good(r＞0.999).The average recoveries of meth-ylparaben,benzalkonium bromide and benzalkonium chloride were 104.7％(RSD=1.3％),102.6％(RSD=1.1％)and 100.9％(RSD=1.1％),respectively.The contents of bacteriostatic agent in 100 batches of eye drops from 36 varieties of 12 enterprises were determined,and the accurate results were obtained.Conclusion:This meth-od provides a reference for the content quality control and safety evaluation of bacteriostatic agents in eye drops.

Objective:To develop a prognostic prediction model for patients with colorectal cancer based on a peripheral blood cell composite score (PBCS) system.Methods:This retrospective observational study included patients who had primary colorectal cancer without distant metastasis, who did not undergo radiotherapy or chemotherapy before surgery, who did not receive leukocyte or platelet-raising therapy within 1 month before surgery, and whose postoperative pathology confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma with complete tumor resection. Patients with severe anemia, infection, or hematologic diseases before surgery, as well as those with severe heart, lung, or other important organ diseases or concurrent malignant tumors, were excluded. In total, 1021 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from April 2018 to April 2020 were retrospectively included as the training set (766 patients) and the internal validation set (255 patients). Additionally, using the same criteria, 215 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgical treatment in another treatment group from March 2015 to December 2020 were selected as the external validation set. The "surv_cutpoint" function in R software was used to analyze the optimal cut-off values of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets, and a PBCS system was established based on the optimal cut-off values. The scoring rules of the PBCS system were as follows: Neutrophils and platelets below the optimal cut-off value = 1 point, otherwise 0 points; Lymphocytes above the optimal cut-off value = 1 point, otherwise 0 points. The scores of the three cell types were added together to obtain the PBCS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to explore the correlation between patients' clinicopathological features and prognosis, and a nomogram was constructed based on the Cox regression analysis to predict patients' prognosis. The accuracy of the nomogram prediction model was validated using the C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.Results:The optimal cut-off values for neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets were 4.40×10 9/L, 1.41×10 9/L, and 355×10 9/L, respectively. The patients were divided into high and low groups according to the optimal cut-off values of these cells. Survival curve analysis showed that a high lymphocyte count (training set: P=0.042, internal validation: P=0.010, external validation: P=0.029), low neutrophil count (training set: P=0.035, internal validation: P=0.001, external validation: P=0.024), and low platelet count (training set: P=0.041, internal validation: P=0.030, external validation: P=0.024) were associated with prolonged overall survival (OS), with statistically significant differences in all cases. Survival analysis of different PBCS groups showed that patients with a high PBCS had longer OS than those with a low PBCS ( P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that aspirin use history, vascular thrombus, neural invasion, CA19-9, N stage, operation time, M stage, and PBCS were independent factors affecting OS (all P<0.05). The PBCS was also an independent factor affecting disease-specific survival ( P<0.05), but not progression-free survival ( P>0.05). The above independent risk or protective factors were included in R software to construct a nomogram for predicting OS. The C-index (0.873), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (threshold probability: 0.0%–75.2%) all indicated that the nomogram prediction model had good predictive performance for OS. Conclusion:This study demonstrates that the PBCS constructed based on preoperative peripheral blood levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets is an independent factor associated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. The nomogram model constructed based on this score system exhibits good predictive efficacy for the prognosis of these patients.