Objective To compare the hepatotoxicity of matrine (MT) and oxymatrine (OMT) and explore the severity and characteristics of their toxicity, and to preliminarily elucidate their toxic mechanisms. Methods Liver cell line LO-2 cells were treated with acetaminophen (APAP), matrine and oxymatrine for 24 h, and the IC values, the contents of enzymes in the liver cells, the pathological changes, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and the cell apoptosis rate were detected. In addition, adult zebrafish were treated with APAP, matrine and oxymatrine for 96 h, and the LC50 values, the pathological morphology of the liver cells, the contents of MDA and GSH and the apoptosis rate were detected. Meanwhile, the expression of oxidative stress-related gene, zgc: 136383, and the apoptosis-related genes, EIF4EBP3 and zgc: 123120, was also detected. Results Matrine and oxymatrine had toxic effects on liver cells in vitro. The IC50 value of matrine was 5. 3 mmol/L, and that of oxymatrine was ＞ 19 mmol/L. The contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the liver cells treated with matrine or oxymatrine were increased, and the cells appeared swollen, with an increase in the MDA level and a decrease in the GSH level. The cell apoptosis rate was also increased (P ＜ 0. 05). Furthermore, matrine and oxymatrine had toxic effects on the zebrafish. The LC50 value of matrine was 0. 41 mmol/L, and that of oxymatrine was ＞3. 8 mmol/L. The hepatocytes of zebrafish treated with matrine and oxymatrine appeared vacuolization in a mild to moderate degree, with an increase of the MDA content and a decrease of the GSH content. The cell apoptosis rate was increased (P ＜0. 05 for all). Expression of the oxidative stress-related gene zgc: 136383 (P ＜ 0. 05) and the apoptosis-resistant gene EIF4EBP3 (P ＜ 0. 05) was down-regulated by matrine, but that of the apoptosis-promoting gene zgc: 123120 was up-regulated (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions Results of the experiments using liver cells in vitro are consistent with those using the in vivo zebrafish model. Matrine (MT) and oxymatrine (OMT) both have hepatotoxicity, with similar toxic characteristics, and the toxicity of matrine is greater than oxymatrine. The mechanism of their hepatotoxicity is related with oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Matrine reduces lipid transportation and activates oxidative stress reactions through down-regulation of gene zgc: 136383. In addition, matrine induces apoptosis in the liver cells via up-regulation of the apoptosis-promoting gene zgc: 123120 and down-regulation of the apoptosis-resistant gene EIF4EBP3.

Objective: To establish an electrochemical method for the determination of phenol. Methods: An electrochemical workstation with three electrodes system was used with glassy carbon electrode as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt as counter electrode. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used for the determination of phenol. Results:Under the condition of 4% Na2SO4as the supporting electrolyte, phenol showed an obvious oxidation peak on the glassy carbon elec-trode. The peak current increased linearly with the concentration of phenol within the range of 0. 8 μg·ml-1-10. 2 μg·ml-1( r=0. 997 5). The lower limit of detection was 0. 20 μg·ml-1. The average recovery was 101. 2% (RSD=2. 2% , n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple and accurate, and can be used for the determination of phenol.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect difference betweendecoction combined with acupuncture at back-points and simpledecoction for chronic fatigue syndrome.

METHODSSixty patients were randomly assigned into an herbal group and a combination group, 30 cases in each one. Simpledecoction was used in the herbal group for continuous one month, one decoction a day. Based on that in the herbal group, 30 min acupuncture was used in the combination group at bilateral Xinshu (BL 15), Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 20), Ganshu (BL 18) and Shenshu (BL 23), with acupoints according to syndrome differentiation. Acupuncture was given for 3 courses, 10 times as a course with 3 days between two courses, once a day. Fatigue status was evaluated before and after treatment by fatigue scale 14 (FS-14) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).

RESULTSThe FS-14 scores, including body fatigue scores, mental fatigue scores and total scores, and SAS scores after treatment were lower than those before treatment in the two groups (all<0.01), with better improvements in the combination group (all<0.01).

CONCLUSION decoction combined with acupuncture at back-points can improve chronic fatigue syndrome, which are better than simpledecoction.

Objective: To compare the inclusion rate of menthol with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) from different sources.Methods: β-Cyclodextrin-menthol inclusion complexes were prepared by a grinding method.The inclusion compound was verified by thin layer chromatography (TLC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and gas chromatography (GC).The optimized conditions of PXRD were as follows: the graphite monochromator was Cu Kα, the voltage was 40 kV, the current was 40 mA, the 2θ scanning range was from 3° to 35°, the scanning step was 0.02° and the scanning rate was 5°·min-1.The optimized conditions of GC were as follows: an Agilent DB-wax capillary column, the column temperature was 120°, the inlet temperature was 250°, the detector temperature was 250° and the split ratio was 10∶1.Results: The results of TLC and PXRD proved the formation of inclusion complexes.The inclusion rate of menthol with β-CD from home and abroad was 25% and 47.9%, respectively.Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and rapid, which can be used to determine the inclusion rate of β-CD from different sources.The results show that the inclusion effect of imported β-CD is better than that of domestic β-CD.

Objective:To establish a GC-MS method for determing 19 organochlorine pesticide residues in sargassum fusiforme. Methods:Nineteen organochlorine pesticide residues were simultaneously determined by GC-MS, and the established method was vali-dated. The HP-5 gas chromatography column (30 m × 0. 25 mm,0. 25 μm) was used. The column temperature was programming in-creased with initial temperature of 70℃, maintaining for 1min, then raising to 180℃ with a rate of 15℃·min-1 ,and then raised to 280℃ with a rate of 4℃·min-1 to keep 7min. The inlet temperature was 240℃. The MS detector was used with EI source at 230℃, and analysis mode was multiple reaction monitoring. Results:Sargassum fusiforme was analyzed. The separation degree of the standard and samples met the requirements. The recoveries of the organochlorine pesticides were 72%-127% except for hexachlorobenzene, and the relative standard deviation also met the requirements. The experimental results showed that the 19 organochlorine pesticides were not detected out in sargassum fusiforme. Conclusion: The method provides the technical parameters for the determination of organo-chlorine pesticide residues in sargassum fusiforme.

Objective:To establish a GC method for the determination of metacresol. Methods:The separation was performed on an Agilent DB-225 MS column (30 m × 0. 25 mm,0. 25 μm). The initial column temperature was set at 90℃,maintained 10 min, raised to120℃ with a rate of 2℃·min-1 ,and then raised to 150℃ with a rate of 10℃·min-1 and maintained for 5 min. The inlet temperature was 200℃. The detector was a flame ionization detector (FID) and the temperature was 250℃. The flow rate was 1. 8 ml ·min-1 split ratio was 1∶30 and the carrier gas was nitrogen. Results:The linear range was 0. 6-1. 8 mg·ml-1 . The average recovery was 96. 0% (RSD=2. 6%,n=9). The content of 3 batches of the samples was 99. 3%, 98. 7% and 98. 4%, respectively. Conclu-sion:The established quantitative analysis method is applicable in the quality control of metacresol.

Objective Though analyzing the epidemiological trend of human Brucellosis in Qinghai Province in 2012, to provide a advice for Brucellosis prevention and control. Methods Brucellosis investigation was carried out on key populations aged 7-60 years who were keeping in touch with livestock in Ping’an County, Haiyan County, Tianjun County, Dari County, Jiuzhi County, Henan County, and three or four towns were selected as investigation sites in each county; then serological test was done with the methods of the rose bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT), standard tube agglutination test(SAT) and Coombs; diagnosis was based on “Diagnostic Criteria for Brucellosis”( WS 269-2007 ) . Results A total of 4 253 people in the 6 counties were investigated;the positive rate of RBPT was 2.92%(124/4 253); the positive rate of SAT was 0.85%(36/4 253), while the Coombs was 0.05%(2/4 253), totally infected people was 124, the infection rate was 2.92%(124/4 253); the number of patients was 71, the prevalence rate was 1.67%(71/4 253); and new cases were 68. Conclusions Prevalence of human Brucellosis in Qinghai Province is active in some local areas. We should strengthen health education of occupational population, improve people’s ability of prevention and control, and control prevalence of Human epidemic situation.