Objective: To assess the awareness and associated factors of wild mushroom poisoning among students in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a scientific foundation for wild mushroom poisoning prevention and control among students. Methods: By a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method, 1 162 students from Guizhou Province were selected in May 2024. The questionnaire survey was administered to evaluate knowledge regarding wild mushroom poisoning. Data were analyzed employing the χ 2 test and Logistic regression model. Results: Among the nine questions assessing awareness of wild mushroom poisoning, only three had the awareness rate exceeding 70%. Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed that students who "actively learn about the prevention of wild mushroom poisoning" ( OR=0.48, 95%CI =0.26-0.92) and "spread knowledge about wild mushroom poisoning to others" ( OR=0.47, 95%CI =0.33-0.69) scored higher on the wild mushroom poisoning knowledge questions ( P <0.05). Conversely, students with a habit of consuming wild mushrooms ( OR=1.52, 95%CI =1.15-2.02) scored lower ( P < 0.05 ). 42.3% of the students suggested that scientific dissemination and publicity about wild mushrooms should be intensified. Conclusions The awareness rate of wild mushroom poisoning knowledge among students in Guizhou Province requires further attention. Comprehensive knowledge should be disseminated systematically through various channels to further improve students awareness of the prevention and control of wild mushroom poisoning.

BackgroundDepressive disorders are prevalence among adolescents， with a higher incidence in females compared to males， often accompanied by more severe depressive symptoms. Sertraline is commonly prescribed for adolescent depressive disorder， however， its efficacy is only evident in certain patients. Currently， there is limited research on predicting the therapeutic efficacy of sertraline in female adolescents with depressive disorder. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between personality traits， psychological resilience， coping style and the clinical efficacy of sertraline treatment in female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder， in order to provide references for the treatment of this population. MethodsA total of 112 female adolescent patients with first-episode depressive disorder， meeting the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Diseases （tenth edition） （ICD-10）， and undergoing a 4-week treatment regimen with sertraline， were selected from the Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province from February 2019 to January 2021.General demographic questionnaire， NEO Five-Factor Inventory （NEO-FFI）， Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents （RSCA）， Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students （CSSMSS）， Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） and Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） were used for assessment. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors influencing the clinical efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder. ResultsNeuroticism （β=-0.115， 95% CI： 0.807~0.984） could negatively predicted the therapeutic efficacy of sertraline in female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder， whereas agreeableness （β=0.129， 95% CI： 1.025~1.264） and RSCA score （β=0.062， 95% CI： 1.004~1.128） could positively predict its therapeutic efficacy. ConclusionHigh neuroticism， low agreeableness and low psychological resilience may be the risk factors for the poor therapeutic effect of sertraline in the treatment of female adolescents with first-episode depressive disorder. ［Funded by 2019 Guiyang Science and Technology Program （number， Zhuke Contract ［2019］9-3-1）］

Breast cancer (BRCA) is the most common malignant tumor in the world and the leading cause of death in female patients. In addition, early detection of BRCA by conventional screening methods (mammography, CT, ultrasound) is limited to a certain extent, and liquid biopsy technology has become increasingly advantageous for the early diagnosis of BRCA patients. Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a partially free extracellular DNA present in body fluids. The ctDNA is a new idea for screening novel tumor markers based on liquid biopsy technology and helps in clinical decision-making for early breast cancer. In this paper, we discussed the biological properties of ctDNA, detection methods, and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of early BRCA, and we also look forward to the future research direction of ctDNA.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential suitable distribution area and spatial production area of high-quality medicinal materials of Miao medicine Laportea bulbifera. MethodBased on 200 distribution spots of L. bulbifera and 120 ecological factors, the maximum entropy model（MaxEnt） and ArcGIS software were applied to predict the potential suitable areas. The content of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and quercitrin from 33 batches of L. bulbifera in Guizhou province was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Combined with the previous content data of total polysaccharides and total flavonoids, the correlation between the main pharmacodynamic components of L. bulbifera and ecological factors was analyzed. Eventually, the quality regionalization of L. bulbifera was exhibited by the collocated Cokriging in ArcGIS. ResultThe optimum distribution areas of L. bulbifera were Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, and Hubei provinces in China, and the high and medium suitable areas accounted for 59.48% of the total distribution areas. October precipitation, slope, min temperature of the coldest month, altitude, solar radiation intensity in June, and April precipitation were the main ecological factors affecting the growth and distribution of L. bulbifera. Temperature, radiation intensity, precipitation, and soil composition and properties had great effects on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in L. bulbifera. The results showed that the high-quality areas of L. bulbifera mainly included Leishan county, Kaili city, Qingzhen city, Pingba district, Huishui county, Longli county, Kaiyang county, and Jiangkou county in Guizhou province. ConclusionL. bulbifera is widely distributed in China， but the suitable distribution areas are mainly concentrated in southwest China and part of central China. The planting bases of L. bulbifera can be selected in parts of cities and counties in southeast and central Guizhou province. In this study， the potential suitable growing areas and the optimum planting areas of L. bulbifera in Guizhou were predicted， which could provide scientific references for the cultivation and the site selection of large-scale planting for L. bulbifera.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and the risk factors of fungal sepsis in 25 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) among preterm infants in China, and to provide a basis for preventive strategies of fungal sepsis. Methods: This was a second-analysis of the data from the "reduction of infection in neonatal intensive care units using the evidence-based practice for improving quality" study. The current status of fungal sepsis of the 24 731 preterm infants with the gestational age of <34⁺⁰ weeks, who were admitted to 25 participating NICU within 7 days of birth between May 2015 and April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. These preterm infants were divided into the fungal sepsis group and the without fungal sepsis group according to whether they developed fungal sepsis to analyze the incidences and the microbiology of fungal sepsis. Chi-square test was used to compare the incidences of fungal sepsis in preterm infants with different gestational ages and birth weights and in different NICU. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to study the outcomes of preterm infants with fungal sepsis, which were further compared with those of preterm infants without fungal sepsis. The 144 preterm infants in the fungal sepsis group were matched with 288 preterm infants in the non-fungal sepsis group by propensity score-matched method. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of fungal sepsis. Results: In all, 166 (0.7%) of the 24 731 preterm infants developed fungal sepsis, with the gestational age of (29.7±2.0) weeks and the birth weight of (1 300±293) g. The incidence of fungal sepsis increased with decreasing gestational age and birth weight (both P<0.001). The preterm infants with gestational age of <32 weeks accounted for 87.3% (145/166). The incidence of fungal sepsis was 1.0% (117/11 438) in very preterm infants and 2.0% (28/1 401) in extremely preterm infants, and was 1.3% (103/8 060) in very low birth weight infants and 1.7% (21/1 211) in extremely low birth weight infants, respectively. There was no fungal sepsis in 3 NICU, and the incidences in the other 22 NICU ranged from 0.7% (10/1 397) to 2.9% (21/724), with significant statistical difference (P<0.001). The pathogens were mainly Candida (150/166, 90.4%), including 59 cases of Candida albicans and 91 cases of non-Candida albicans, of which Candida parapsilosis was the most common (41 cases). Fungal sepsis was independently associated with increased risk of moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (adjusted OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.04-2.22, P=0.030) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (adjusted OR 2.55, 95%CI 1.12-5.80, P=0.025). Previous broad spectrum antibiotics exposure (adjusted OR=2.50, 95%CI 1.50-4.17, P<0.001), prolonged use of central line (adjusted OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.03-1.08, P<0.001) and previous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) duration (adjusted OR=1.04, 95%CI 1.02-1.06, P<0.001) were all independently associated with increasing risk of fungal sepsis. Conclusions: Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis are the main pathogens of fungal sepsis among preterm infants in Chinese NICU. Preterm infants with fungal sepsis are at increased risk of moderate to severe BPD and severe ROP. Previous broad spectrum antibiotics exposure, prolonged use of central line and prolonged duration of TPN will increase the risk of fungal sepsis. Ongoing initiatives are needed to reduce fungal sepsis based on these risk factors.
Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Birth Weight ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Gestational Age ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Sepsis/epidemiology* ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology* ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology*

Based on GC-MS and network pharmacology, the active constituents, potential targets, and mechanism of essential oil from Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis(EOGFA) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury were explored, and the effective constituents were verified by experiment. To be specific, GC-MS was used identify the constituents of the volatile oil. Secondly, the targets of the constituents and disease were predicted by network pharmacology, and the drug-constituent-target network was constructed, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment of the core targets. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the binding affinity between the active constituents and the targets. Finally, SD rats were used for experimental verification. The I/R injury model was established, and the neurological behavior score, infarct volume, and pathological morphology of brain tissue were measured in each group. The content of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) by Western blot. A total of 22 active constituents and 17 core targets were screened out. The core targets were involved in 56 GO terms and the major KEGG pathways of TNF signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the active constituents had high affinity to the targets. The results of animal experiment suggested that EOGFA can alleviate the neurological impairment, decrease the cerebral infarct volume and the content of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, and down-regulate the expression of VEGF. The experiment verified the part results of network pharmacology. This study reflects the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway characteristics of EOGFA. The mechanism of its active constituents is related to TNF and VEGF pathways, which provides a new direction for in-depth research on and secondary development of Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.
Animals ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Network Pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Interleukin-6 ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Reperfusion Injury ; Cerebral Infarction

Aim To explore the mechanism of Polygonum capitatum(PC)in the treatment of Helicobacter Pylori associated gastritis(HAG). Methods The databases were used to identify the target of PC active compounds and HAG-related genes,and the intersection was taken to obtain the potential targets of PC treatment of HAG. The interaction network diagram of “drug-active compound-target-disease” and the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of potential target protein interaction in HAG treated by PC were constructed by software Cytoscape 3.6.0. The important nodes in the network were screened by several topological indexes,and the GO and KEGG enrichment were analyzed by STRING database to obtain the potential signaling pathway of PC in the treatment of HAG. The binding ability of PC active components with key target proteins was observed by molecular docking method. On this basis,the related targets of PC in the treatment of HAG were verified in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results The PC active compounds and targets were identified through the database,and the “drug-active compound-target-disease” network diagram and the PPI network of potential target proteins were constructed. Combined with several topological indexes,the PPI network of potential target-protein interaction was analyzed,and 52 hub genes were screened. Further bioinformatics analysis and high-throughput sequencing revealed that PC exerted an effect on HAG through the Akt/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Based on this,it was found that PC could reduce IL-18 and IL-1β in HAG GES-1 cells and HAG SD rats,up-regulate Akt and its phosphorylation level and reduce NF-κB expression,inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory body,so as to improve HAG inflammatory response. Conclusions PC could exert a therapeutic effect on HAG by activating Akt and its phosphorylation level,and inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome related factors. This study provides a theoretical basis for explaining the mechanism of PC in the treatment of HAG.

Objective: To understand the current status of diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) /small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) among hematologists, oncologists, and lymphoma physicians from hospitals of different levels in China. Methods: This multicenter questionnaire survey was conducted from March 2021 to July 2021 and included 1,000 eligible physicians. A combination of face-to-face interviews and online questionnaire surveys was used. A standardized questionnaire regarding the composition of patients treated for CLL/SLL, disease diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, concomitant diseases, organ function evaluation, treatment selection, and Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor was used. Results: ①The interviewed physicians stated that the proportion of male patients treated for CLL/SLL is higher than that of females, and the age is mainly concentrated in 61-70 years old. ②Most of the interviewed physicians conducted tests, such as bone marrow biopsies and immunohistochemistry, for patient diagnosis, in addition to the blood test. ③Only 13.7% of the interviewed physicians fully grasped the initial treatment indications recommended by the existing guidelines. ④In terms of cognition of high-risk prognostic factors, physicians' knowledge of unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable and 11q- is far inferior to that of TP53 mutation and complex karyotype, which are two high-risk prognostic factors, and only 17.1% of the interviewed physicians fully mastered CLL International Prognostic Index scoring system. ⑤Among the first-line treatment strategy, BTK inhibitors are used for different types of patients, and physicians have formed a certain understanding that BTK inhibitors should be preferentially used in patients with high-risk factors and elderly patients, but the actual use of BTK inhibitors in different types of patients is not high (31.6%-46.0%). ⑥BTK inhibitors at a reduced dose in actual clinical treatment were used by 69.0% of the physicians, and 66.8% of the physicians had interrupted the BTK inhibitor for >12 days in actual clinical treatment. The use of BTK inhibitors is reduced or interrupted mainly because of adverse reactions, such as atrial fibrillation, severe bone marrow suppression, hemorrhage, and pulmonary infection, as well as patients' payment capacity and effective disease progression control. ⑦Some differences were found in the perceptions and behaviors of hematologists and oncologists regarding the prognostic assessment of CLL/SLL, the choice of treatment options, the clinical use of BTK inhibitors, etc. Conclusion: At present, a gap remains between the diagnosis and treatment of CLL/SLL among Chinese physicians compared with the recommendations in the guidelines regarding the diagnostic criteria, treatment indications, prognosis assessment, accompanying disease assessment, treatment strategy selection, and rational BTK inhibitor use, especially the proportion of dose reduction or BTK inhibitor discontinuation due to high adverse events.
Female ; Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy* ; Prognosis ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Immunohistochemistry ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/therapeutic use*

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE To study the improvement effects of Shaoyao gancao decoction （SGD） on acute lung injury （ALI） in rats and its effects on the intestinal flora. METHODS Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group （CON group， normal saline）， model group （MOD group， normal saline）， positive control group （DEX group， 5 mg/kg dexamethasone）， SGD low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （SGD-L， SGD-M， SGD-H groups， 5.8， 11.6， 23.2 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Each group was given relevant medicine 10 mL/kg intragastrically， for 7 consecutive days. Thirty minutes after the last administration， CON group was given constant volume of normal saline via airway infusion， and other groups were given lipopolysaccharide （5 mg/kg） via airway infusion to induce ALI model. After 12 hours of modeling， the lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio was calculated， and the contents of interleukin 1β （IL-1β）， IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α） in rat bronchial alveolar lavage fluid （BALF） were all detected； the pathological changes of lung tissue were observed after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The intestinal flora of rat feces was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing technology， and the correlation of differential bacteria genera with inflammatory factors was also analyzed. RESULTS Compared with MOD group， the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue of rats in each SGD dose group was decreased， and the thickening of alveolar septum and pulmonary edema improved； lung tissue wet/dry weight ratio， the levels of IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α in BALF significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. SGD （low dose） could improve the intestinal flora disorder in ALI rats， restore the diversity and richness of intestinal flora， regulate the structure of flora， reduce the abundance of Lactobacillus， Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella， and increase the abundance of Firmicutes， Lachnospira， Ruminococcus， Clostridia，Dubosiella and Akkermansia. Through correlation analysis， it was found that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus， Streptococcus and Escherichia-Shigella was positively related to the levels of inflammatory factor IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The relative abundance of Lachnospira， Dubosiella， Firmicutes was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory factors mentioned above （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS SGD may improve ALI by reducing lung tissue injury and inflammatory response and regulating flora structure in rats.