Objective To investigate the protective effect of hederagenin(HDG)on cisplatin(Cis)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)in mice and its potential mechanism.Methods 24 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group,AKI model group,HDG low-dose group,and HDG high-dose group,with six mice in each group.AKI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin(Cis).The HDG low-dose and HDG high-dose groups were given 20,40 mg/kg HDG by intragastric administration,respectively,and samples were collected 3 days later.The kidneys of the mice were collected for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and periodic-acid-schiff(PAS)staining to evaluate the kidney pathology,and serum was collected to detect changes in serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN).The expression of p-P65,P65,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,and other inflammatory-related proteins was detected by Western Blot.A TCMK1(renal tubular epithelial cell)inflammatory cell model was established by Cis(200 ng/mL)stimulation in vitro.Blank group,Cis model group,HDG low-dose group,HDG high-dose group,Axin2 overexpression group,HDG+Axin2 overexpression group were set up.In the Axin2-overexpression group,the expression of p-P65,P65,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,Axin2,and AREG was detected among total cell proteins.Results Compared with the control group,AKI model mice exhibited significantly elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels(P<0.05),accompanied by pathological alterations including vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules,inflammatory cell infiltration,and glycogen deposition,and the expression of inflammation-related proteins(p-P65,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β)and Axin2 was markedly upregulated in AKI mice(P<0.05).HDG treatment induced a dose-dependent reduction in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels(high-dose>low-dose,P<0.05),alleviated renal histopathological damage,and concurrently suppressed the expression of these inflammatory mediators and Axin2(P<0.05).HDG was confirmed that dose-dependently inhibited Cis-induced upregulation of Axin2,and inflammatory cytokines in vitro experiments.Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Axin2 overexpression significantly increased amphiregulin(AREG)expression(P<0.05).Mechanistically,HDG reduced p-P65 phosphorylation by suppressing the Axin2/AREG axis(P<0.05),while Axin2 overexpression abolished the protective effects of HDG against Cis-induced renal tubular cell injury.Conclusions HDG protects against renal injury in AKI mice by reducing inflammation through the inhibition of Axin2/AREG axis activation.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of hederagenin(HDG)on cisplatin(Cis)-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)in mice and its potential mechanism.Methods 24 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group,AKI model group,HDG low-dose group,and HDG high-dose group,with six mice in each group.AKI model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg cisplatin(Cis).The HDG low-dose and HDG high-dose groups were given 20,40 mg/kg HDG by intragastric administration,respectively,and samples were collected 3 days later.The kidneys of the mice were collected for hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and periodic-acid-schiff(PAS)staining to evaluate the kidney pathology,and serum was collected to detect changes in serum creatinine(Scr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN).The expression of p-P65,P65,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,and other inflammatory-related proteins was detected by Western Blot.A TCMK1(renal tubular epithelial cell)inflammatory cell model was established by Cis(200 ng/mL)stimulation in vitro.Blank group,Cis model group,HDG low-dose group,HDG high-dose group,Axin2 overexpression group,HDG+Axin2 overexpression group were set up.In the Axin2-overexpression group,the expression of p-P65,P65,IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β,Axin2,and AREG was detected among total cell proteins.Results Compared with the control group,AKI model mice exhibited significantly elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels(P<0.05),accompanied by pathological alterations including vacuolar degeneration of renal tubules,inflammatory cell infiltration,and glycogen deposition,and the expression of inflammation-related proteins(p-P65,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β)and Axin2 was markedly upregulated in AKI mice(P<0.05).HDG treatment induced a dose-dependent reduction in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels(high-dose>low-dose,P<0.05),alleviated renal histopathological damage,and concurrently suppressed the expression of these inflammatory mediators and Axin2(P<0.05).HDG was confirmed that dose-dependently inhibited Cis-induced upregulation of Axin2,and inflammatory cytokines in vitro experiments.Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Axin2 overexpression significantly increased amphiregulin(AREG)expression(P<0.05).Mechanistically,HDG reduced p-P65 phosphorylation by suppressing the Axin2/AREG axis(P<0.05),while Axin2 overexpression abolished the protective effects of HDG against Cis-induced renal tubular cell injury.Conclusions HDG protects against renal injury in AKI mice by reducing inflammation through the inhibition of Axin2/AREG axis activation.

ObjectiveTo analyze the exposure-response relationship of peripheral whole blood chromium level and lung function as well as genetic toxicity indicators in workers exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(Ⅵ)] compounds, and to propose a biological exposure limit of whole blood chromium for soluble Cr(Ⅵ) compounds-exposed workers. Methods A total of 515 workers from a dynamic occupational Cr(Ⅵ) compounds-exposed cohort in an enterprise from 2010 to 2017 were selected as the research subjects using a retrospective cohort study. A total of 918 followed-up results of research subjects and baseline data of a cohort were analyzed based on bibliometric analysis. The results include lung function tests, whole blood chromium level detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, peripheral micronuclei frequency (MNF) detected by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The results of bibliometric analysis showed that domestic and foreign studies on biological monitoring of Cr(Ⅵ) compounds increased year by year in the past 30 years, and whole blood chromium levels had a good correlation with the occupational Cr(Ⅵ) compounds exposure. The geometric mean of whole blood chromium levels in males and females among the occupational Cr(Ⅵ) compounds exposure cohort was 2.77 and 1.79 μg/L, respectively. A turning point appeared in 6.00 μg/L chromium in whole blood of the exposure-response curve of whole blood chromium levels with lung function indicators and genetic toxicity indicators. For each unit increase in the natural logarithm-transformed whole blood chromium level, the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) decreased by 0.05 L, the FEV₁/forced-vital-capacity decreased by 0.67%, the peak expiratory flow decreased by 0.15 L/s, the maximal mid-expiratory flow decreased by 0.09 L/s, the MNF increased by 0.149‰, the urinary 8-OHdG increased by 0.090 μg/g, and the mtCN increased by 0.013. When the whole blood chromium level was >6.00 μg/L, there was a significant increase in urinary 8-OHdG, MNF, and mtCN (all P<0.01). Conclusion The level of whole blood chromium can be used as a biomarker for occupational exposure to soluble Cr(Ⅵ) compounds. The preliminary biological exposure limit is set at 6.00 μg/L for whole blood chromium in workers exposed to soluble Cr(Ⅵ) compounds.

Objective:To explore the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on growth plate development of tibial growth plate in young chronic renal failure (CRF) rats.Methods:Four-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and CRF group ( n=20/per group). Control group was intragastric administration with distilled water, and CRF group was given adenine suspension (150 mg·kg -1·d -1). All the young rats were sacrificed after continuous gavages for 6 weeks. The full length of tibia was compared between the two groups. The width of tibia proximal growth plates was measured by micro-CT scanning, and the width of the growth plate was also measured in histological sections. Chondrocytes isolated from growth plate in two groups were cultured in vitro to P3 generation. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of collagen Ⅱ, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) and β-catenin in chondrocytes. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of collagen Ⅱ, MMP-13 and β-catenin. Results:Compared with the control group, the tibial length of rats in the CRF group was shorter [(27.32±5.81) mm vs (35.43±3.61) mm, t=5.226, P<0.001], the width of growth plate in micro-CT picture was more narrow [(0.72±0.22) mm vs (1.13±0.27) mm, t=5.096, P<0.001], and the relative width of the growth plate was also more narrow ( t=6.744, P<0.001) in histological sections. The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed the expressions of collagen Ⅱ in the CRF group decreased significantly ( t=8.212, P<0.001), MMP-13 ( t=13.091, P<0.001) and β-catenin ( t=7.534, P<0.001) increased significantly compared the control group in chondrocytes. Conclusion:The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is highly expressed in the tibial growth plate of young rats with chronic renal failure, which leads to accelerated degeneration and differentiation of chondrocytes and a closure tendency of growth plate.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancer in China, and locally advanced stage remains a heterogeneous and complex disease. Its treatments are constantly evolving. To date, radiochemotherapy and surgery are involved in the comprehensive treatment of this disease. However, because of the specifical anatomical location of esophagus, its physiological function will be impaired after surgical resection. If similar survival is obtained in esophageal cancer, an organ preserving strategy without surgery is of great significance for improving the quality of life. As a non-invasive tumor treatment method, neoadjuvant therapy plays an important role in the comprehensive treatment of preserving the esophagus. Recently, there are studies investigating the role of organ preserving strategy in the comprehensive treatment of esophageal cancer with neoadjuvant therapy, and the recognition of these advances will provide reference value for the comprehensive treatment of esophageal cancer.

Rabdosia (Bl.) Hassk is a medicinal plant rich in enantiomers such as 15α-acetoxyl-6, 11α-epoxy-6α-hydroxy-20-oxo-6, 7-seco-ent-kaur-16-en-1, 7-olide and 15α-dihydroxy-6β-methoxy-6, 7-seco-6, 20-epoxy-1, 7-olide-ent-kaur-16-ene. It has high medicinal value and huge market potential, but the yield from wild Rabdosia (Bl.) Hassk species cannot meet the needs of marketization. Carrying out pollution-free cultivation of Rabdosia rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara and Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara has become the most direct and effective measure to solve this problem in order to ensure the sustainable use of the resources of Rabdosia. This paper summarized a set of non- pollution cultivation system of R. rubescens and R. serra to achieve the"safe, effective, stable and controllable"target.

Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on learning and memory functions and S100β protein in anaplasis in the 7-day-old rat.Methods 48 SD rats of both sexes aged 7-day-old weighing 1 2-1 6 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (1 6 rats in each group):group A and group B inhaled 3 ％ sevoflurane in oxygen(1L/min) for 6h and 2h respectively; group C inhaled oxygen(1L/min) only.After inhalation,the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on learning and memory function were assessed by Morris water-maze test and Y-maze test from 16d to 24d.The rats were killed in the day of 8d and 25d respectively,and the blood were collected for the expression of serum concentration S100β protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results (1) Results of Morris water-maze test:Compared with group C,escape latency prolonged in group A and group B in 17-20d(P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) ;escape latency prolonged in group A compared with group B in 19-20d(P ＜ 0.01) ;but there were no significant differences in the probe time in original platform quadrant and the frequency of crossing original platform among three groups(P ＞0.05).(2) Result of Y-maze test:In 22d,the total reaction time of group A and B were longer than group C (P ＜0.05 or 0.01),and the error number was increased in group A and B compared with group C(P ＜ 0.01) ; while in 23-24d,there were no significant differences between every index of each groups (P ＞ 0.05).(3) Results of the blood serum index:In 8d,serum concentration of S100β protein was significantly increased in group A and B compared with group C (P ＜0.01),and serum concentration of S100β protein was significantly increased in group A compared with group B (P ＜ 0.05) ; But there were no significant differences in serum concentration of S100β protein of each groups in 25d(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Sevoflurane anesthesia in the 7-day-old rat can temporarily decrease the ability of learning and memory functions in the length of inhalation time dependent manner,and the mechanism may be related to the increased expression of serum concentration of S100β protein transiently.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,therapy and prognostic features of granulocytic sarcoma (GS).Methods Retrospective analysis was used to analyse 10 cases who were diagnosed with GS.Results Five patients were diagnosed with primary GS.GS was accompanied by APL in one case,CML in 3 cases and MDS in one case.Patients were treated with resection and chemotherapy,or imatinib treatment.Follow-up data were available from 9 patients,with 2 patients being still alive.The survival of one patient who received high-dose cytarabine chemotherapy was 66 months.The other 7patients died of tumor-related diseases,and their survival ranged from 4 to 17 months.Conclusion GS is a rarely diagnosed disease.A correct diagnosis of GS depends on detailed morphological examination and immunohistochemical study.The clinical outcome of patients is poor,and AML-type chemotherapy is the proper treatment for GS.High-intensity chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might improve long-term survival.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the expression of HIF-1α in multiple myeloma (MM) and clinical indexes in order to illustrate the expression and implication of HIF-1α gene in MM. Methods RQ-PCR method was used to amplify HIF-1α mRNA of bone marrow mononuclear cells isolated from 28 cases of MM patients and the control group. β-actin was used as internal standard. HIF-1α mRNA expression was analyzed by SDS software and the ratios of HIF-1α/ β-actin were calculated. Results The relative expression level of HIF-1α mRNA in MM bone marrow mononuclear cells was 12.68 times as that in control group. HIF-1α mRNA was positively correlated with β2-MG (r =0.575, P =0.000), ESR (r =0.522,P =0.000), LDH (r=0.286, P=0.044) and CRP (r =0.356, P =0.011). There was a negative correlation between HIF-1α mRNA and Hb (r =-0.556, P =0.000). Conclusion The expression of HIF-1α mRNA was up-regulated and HIF-1α was related to a number of clinical indexes. HIF-1α may be used to estimate the progress of MM and hopeful to be a new molecular target in cancer therapy.

OBJECTIVETo study the value of CT quantitativeness in the diagnosis of coal miner's pneumoconiosis.

METHODS104 cases were examined by HRCT scan at top of aortic arc, carina of trachea, 3 cm below the bifurcation of bronchi, among them there were 87 patients with different stages of coal miner's pneumoconiosis, 17 cases of normal males as the control group. All images were determined by CT density histogram at specific region (- 1,024-0 HU). Calculated the percentage of each pixel included a varying number of CT value, and the ratio of density values in the specific region.

RESULTSThe ratio of density values in the region of -983 (-) -778 HU was 87.31% in normal control group, and 80.51%, 75.27% and 72.99% respectively in the I, II, III stages of coal miner's pneumoconiosis. There were statistically significant differences among the groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCT quantitative histogram information was able to observe the fibrosis and its degree of coal miner's pneumoconiosis. It has a good diagnostic value for its reliability and objectiveness.