Objective: To understand the influence of the concept of movement education on the fundamental motor skills of preschool children aged 3-6, so as to provide a reference for improving the quality of preschool education and promoting the all round development of preschool children. Methods: From August 2022 to June 2023, 592 normally developing preschool children aged 3- 6 in a certain kindergarten in Qingdao were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling. They were randomly divided into the intervention group (physical education activities designed based on the concept of movement education) and the control group (original teaching plan). The intervention lasted for 24 weeks (twice a week, 40 minutes each time). Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) was used to evaluate the children s gross motor skills, and repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data of the two groups before and after the intervention. Results: Except for running and kicking, the group main effects ( F group =18.78-104.77), time main effects( F time =243.23-3 003.19), and other interactive effects between group and time ( F group×time =14.01-322.91) were of statistical significances for gross motor, movement motor, manipulative motor and each sub indicator between intervention group and control group. Further simple effect analysis results showed that, before intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in the total scores of gross motor (48.95±10.65,45.87±10.98), movement motor ( 25.93± 7.31,23.46±7.32) and manipulative motor (23.15±4.40,22.40±4.69) between the intervention group and the control group ( F=3.69, 2.94, 1.90, P >0.05); and two goups were also found of no statistical significance in the each sub indicator of movement and manipulative motor ( F=0.01-3.58, P >0.05); after intervention, the total scores of gross motor, movement motor, and manipulative motor in the intervention group (75.92±9.48, 38.12±5.40, 37.80±4.92) were all better than those in the control group ( 59.52± 12.12, 30.71±7.47, 28.81±5.54) ( F =168.15, 97.58, 210.71), and the total indicators of both goups had better scores than those before the intervention ( F intervention = 3 498.90 , 1 438.27, 2 431.24; F control =545.58, 309.18, 283.29)(all P <0.01); after intervention, the intervention group had better scores in all sub indicators (except for running and kicking) than the control group ( F =43.57-297.71), and the each sub indicator of both goups had better scores than those before the intervention ( F intervention = 300.58-858.65; F control =12.28-135.64)(all P <0.01). Conclusion Physical education activities designed based on the concept of movement education could better promote the development of children s fundamental motor skills.

Background: and Purpose The eye-movement examination can be applied as a noninvasive method to identify multiple-system atrophy (MSA). Few studies have investigated eye movements during the early stage of MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P). We aimed to determine the characteristic oculomotor changes in the early stage of MSA-P. Methods: We retrospectively selected 17 patients with MSA-P and 40 with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with disease durations of less than 2 years, and 40 age-matched healthy controls (HCs).Oculomotor performance in the horizontal direction was measured in detail using videonystagmography. Results: We found that the proportions of patients with MSA-P and PD exhibiting abnormal eye movements were 82.4% and 77.5%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the HCs (47.5%, p<0.05). Compared with HCs, patients with MSA-P presented significantly higher abnormal proportions of fixation and gaze-holding (17.6% vs. 0%), without-fixation (47.1% vs. 0%), prolonged latency in reflexive saccades (29.4% vs. 5.0%), memory-guided saccades (93.3% vs. 10.0%), and catch-up saccades in smooth-pursuit movement (SPM, 41.2% vs. 0) (all p<0.05). Compared with those with PD, patients with MSA-P presented a significantly higher proportion of catch-up saccades in SPM (41.2% vs. 2.5%, p<0.001). Conclusions MSA-P presented the characteristic of catch-up saccades in SPM in the early stage, which may provide some value in differentiating MSA-P from PD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of interference tasks and age on gait characteristics and task costs of children aged three to eight years. MethodsFrom April to August, 2021, 200 children from a kindergarten and primary school in Cangzhou, Hebei were enrolled to collect gait spatiotemporal parameters and kinematics data with infrared motion capture system; ground reaction force was collected with the Kistler force platform and simulated with Anybody 7.0, as walking naturally (standard gait), answering question (cognitive gait) and crossing obstacle (obstacle-crossing gait). ResultsA total of 182 children finished the test. The main effect of task was significant on spatiotemporal parameters (F > 5.167, P < 0.01), as well as age (F > 2.321, P < 0.05), except on stride width and speed; while the interaction effect of task and age was significant on double stance phase, single stance phase and step length (F > 3.040, P < 0.01). The main effect of task was significant on kinematics data (F > 83.019, P < 0.001), as well as age (F > 2.359, P < 0.05), except on range of motion of knee and maximum angular velocity of ankle; while the interaction effect of task and age was significant (F > 2.066, P < 0.05), except on range of motion of hip. The main effect of task and age was significant on kinetic parameters (F > 4.032, P < 0.05); while the interaction effect of task and age was significant (F > 2.189, P < 0.05), except on the strength of medial soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior. The coefficient of variation was the most for cognitive gait, and then for the obstacle-crossing gait and standard gait. The main effect of task and age was significant on the cost of task for stride length and speed (F > 3.368, P < 0.01), while the interaction effect was not significant. ConclusionGait of early childhood is influenced by interference tasks and age. Under interference tasks, gait cycle increases, while single stance phase, stride length, frequency and speed decrease; and task costs increase, and overall gait stability decrease. Cognitive tasks impact on gait greater than obstacle crossing, which may be due to the higher costs of tasks. In terms of age, gait exhibits a non-linear age trend.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between lower limb muscle strength and walking speed in older adults, and to analyze the mediating role of flexibility and dynamic balance. MethodsFrom November to December, 2021, a total of 155 older adults at the Shanghai Senior Sports and Health Home were included. Their basic health information was collected, and the lower limb muscle strength, flexibility, dynamic balance and walking speed were tested. A mediated effects analysis was conducted. ResultsThere was a pairwise correlation among lower limb muscle strength, flexibility, dynamic balance and walking speed in older adults (r > 0.210, P < 0.01). In the mediated effects model, after controlling for age and gender, lower limb muscle strength did not directly predict walking speed in older adults (β = 0.029, P = 0.699), however, lower limb muscle strength could influence walking speed through the partial mediation of dynamic balance (effect = 0.0130, 95% CI 0.0073~0.0197) and the chain mediation of lower flexibility and dynamic balance (effect = 0.0019, 95% CI 0.0003~0.0043). ConclusionLower limb muscle strength can indirectly affect walking speed in older adults through the mediators of flexibility and dynamic balance, or the dynamic balance alone.

Objective:This study aims to explore the impact of various clinical factors on the risk of polymyxin B induced DKI in patients.Methods:This is a single-center retrospective case-control study. A total of 139 patients receiving polymyxin B intravenous treatment in our hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2020 were collected. Baseline variables between polymyxin B induced DKI group and non-DKI group were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the T-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables, as appropriate. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression models, Logistic regression models, multivariate Logistic regression models, Kaplan Meier curve, as well as Log-Rank test.Results:Among a total of 139 patients receiving polymyxin B treatment, 49 cases have experienced DKI, 90 cases did not. The incidence of DKI was 35.25%. There was no statistical difference in general information of age, gender, and proportion of standard weight between the two groups. Among the related indexes of polycolistin B administration, the proportion of high daily dose [>25 000 U/(kg·d)] and the total dosage of medication in the DKI group were both significantly higher than that in the non-DKI group ( P< 0.05, respectively). Among the organ function indexes, there were significant differences in initial serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, urinary occult blood and urinary specific gravity between DKI group and non-DKI group 48 hours before polymyxin B administration ( P< 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis suggested that daily dose and initial creatinine before medication were independent risk factors for DKI caused by polymyxin B ( P< 0.05). Kaplan-meier survival analysis showed that with the accumulation of Polymyxin B administration, the higher the daily dose of Polymyxin B was, the faster the DKI occurred (Log-Rank P= 0.0194). Conclusions:Using intravenous polymyxin B is associated with the risk of DKI, among which higher initial blood creatinine values and higher daily doses are independent risk factors for DKI.

Objective:To explore the relationship between soft markers found in the first trimester (11-13 + 6 gestational weeks) ultrasound screening and fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes. Methods:Single pregnancy fetuses were selected from the Multicenter Clinical Study of First Trimester Screening in China during August 2017 to August 2020. The types and detection rate of soft markers during the first trimester were compared. The correlation between positive soft markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes was analyzed by binary Logistics regression.Results:A total of 16 625 fetuses with complete follow-up outcomes were included in the group. Six hundred and seven ultrasonic soft markers were detected in 556 fetuses with positive soft markers during the first trimester, and the first four most frequently occurred were increased nuchal translucency (NT) (2.08%, 345/16 625), echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) (0.94%, 156/16 625), hypoplasia of fetal nasal bone (0.20%, 34/16 625), single umbilical artery (SUA) (0.19%, 31/16 625). Among 556 fetuses, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in fetuses with two or more positive soft markers was 32.50% (13/40), which was significantly higher than fetuses with single positive soft marker (11.05%, 57/516), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=5.055, P<0.001). The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in positive soft markers fetus associated with structural abnormalities was 80.77% (21/26), which was significantly higher than fetuses with isolated positive soft marker (12.08%, 64/530), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=90.310, P<0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis showed choroid plexus cyst (CPC), SUA, echogenic bowel (EB), absent/reversed a-wave of ductus venosus, hypoplasia of fetal nasal bone, increased NT, and EIF were closely related to the adverse pregnancy outcomes (all P<0.05). However, there were no significant correlations between tricuspid regurgitation (TR), pyelectasis (PYE) and fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes (all P>0.05). Conclusions:The ultrasonic soft markers during the first trimester are of great significance in predicting fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes. For multiple positive soft markers or positive soft markers combined with structural abnormalities, more attention should be paid to them and comprehensive evaluation is required to be carried out.

Objective: To explore the impact of situational sport games on gross movement and social development among children aged 4-5 years, and to provide references for promoting the healthy development of preschool children. Methods: Seventy one children aged 4-5 were randomly selected from one public kindergarten in Beijing during Apr. to Jul. of 2019 and were randomly divided into experimental group ( n =36, 8 week situational sports game intervention) and control group ( n =35, regular learning and playing). The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-3) and social development scale for children aged 3-9 were used to assess gross movement and social development, respectively, which were then compared and analyzed. Results: Before intervention, the total score of gross motor development[intervention group (42.63±7.62), control group (43.00±9.16)] and social development[intervention group (211.88±6.68), control group (212.71±9.80)] showed no significant differences between the two groups( t =-0.18，-0.37， P >0.05). After intervention, increases in gross motor development[intervention group (67.80±9.80), control group (45.68±9.47)] and social development level[intervention group (228.30±6.37), control group (214.71±8.65)] were observed in both groups( t =25.82，3.22；15.90，2.13， P <0.05), with gross movement and social development scores higher in intervention group than that of the control group( t =9.66，7.54， P <0.05). Conclusion 8 week situational sports games can promote gross movement and social development of 4-5 year old children. It is suggested that interventions to promote early childhood development should be aware of multiple dimensions of development.

Objective To compare the biomechanical characteristics of lower limbs of young people with different body mass index (BMI) before and after the intervention of Baduanjin exercise, so as to provide references for scientific exercise and sport prescription for young Baduanjin practitioners with different BMIs. Methods Young volunteers with different BMI were divided into standard group, overweight group and obesity group. The BTS SMART 3D infrared motion capture system was used to capture the motion parameters and electromyography (EMG) parameters, the KISTLER dynamometer was used to collect the dynamic parameters, the AnyBody simulation software was used to calculate the kinematic parameters and dynamic parameters, and BTS SMART Analyzer was used to compare the different integral electromyography values. Results There was no significant difference in each parameter before the intervention of Baduanjin. After the intervention, the angle and angular velocity of the knee joint during extension and flexion in standard group, overweight group and obesity group, and the angular acceleration of the knee joint during extension and flexion in standard group significantly increased. Baduanjin significantly increased the knee flexion force and moment in standard group, overweight group and obesity group, and increased the hip flexion force and moment as well as ankle metatarsal flexion force and moment in standard group. Compared with obesity group, the knee flexion force and moment in standard group were significantly different. The knee joint force and moment were positively correlated with BMI. Baduanjin significantly increased muscle strength of iliopsoas, gluteus medius, piriformis, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, sartorius, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris longhead, flexor digitorum longus, flexor pollicis longus, musculus peroneus longus and musculus peroneus brevis. Baduanjin significantly increased the integrated electromyogram (iEMG） of rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, biceps femoris. Conclusions Baduanjin can improve muscle strength and neuromuscular control ability of young people. The larger the BMI, the greater the flexion force and moment of the knee joint.

太极拳； AnyBody仿真； 下肢； 动力学； 运动学

The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer were the highest in malignant tumors. In recent years, with the update of clinical assistant examination technology and the popularization of physical examination, especially the development of CT examination, more and more lung cancer in early stage are found in the form of pulmonary nodules. Surgery treatment should be considering as the first choice for early lung cancer. At present, various 3D technologies have been widely used in the field of medicine, leading the thoracic surgery to the direction of minimal invasion and precision. This review focuses on the current application of 3D technology in the perioperative period of early lung cancer.