OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib in the treatment of myelofibrosis （MF）. METHODS A retrospective collection of data was conducted on 42 MF patients who were treated with ruxolitinib in a standardized manner for more than 6 months in the Third People’s Hospital of Bengbu from September 2018 to April 2024. The clinical symptom scores， spleen size reduction， and MF grading of the patients before and after treatment were analyzed. Additionally， the occurrence of adverse reactions with a causality assessment result of “definite”“probable” or “possible” was recorded. The patients’ survival status was followed up. RESULTS After 6 months of treatment， both clinical symptom scores and the total score were significantly decreased than before treatment （P＜0.05）. The length and thickness of the spleen were significantly shorter than before treatment （P＜0.05）. MF classification in 5 patients decreased by 1 level compared with baseline， 1 case was level 2 and dropped to level 0， 14 patients remained stable. The main adverse reactions were anemia （26 cases）， thrombocytopenia （14 cases）， infection （11 cases）， and gastrointestinal discomfort （9 cases）. Thirty-nine patients survived， with a survival rate of 92.86%. CONCLUSIONS Ruxolitinib can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with MF， shrink the spleen， stabilize and even improve MF grading， and holds promise for bringing long-term survival benefits to MF patients. Adverse reactions are mainly anemia， thrombocytopenia， infection and gastrointestinal discomfort.

Objective To systematically evaluate malnutrition risk factors in diabetic foot patients through systematic review and inform evidence-based nutritional interventions.Methods A top-down search of the literature on risk factors for malnutrition in patients with diabetic foot was conducted according to the"6S"pyramid model,using a computerized decision-making system,clinical guideline websites,professional association websites and databases,with a timeframe of up to March 2025 for the search.Totally 2 researchers independently performed literature screening,quality assessment,and data extraction.Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 18 software.Results Totally 23 studies with a total sample size of 5 068 cases were included.There were 10 influencing factors being extracted,including age(OR=2.709),BMI(MD=0.709),duration of diabetes mellitus(OR=2.589),glyco-sylated hemoglobin(OR=2.190),albumin(MD=0.578),hemoglobin(OR=2.948),infection(OR=1.816),C-reactive protein(OR=2.228),Wagner classification of diabetic foot(OR=4.620)and degree of self-care(OR=0.220).The incidence of malnutrition in DFU patients who were assessed by the MNA-SF tool,the MNA tool and GLIM tool were 52.2％,70.2％and 41.4％.Conclusion The incidence of malnutrition in DFU patients is relatively high.Healthcare providers should continuously monitor the nutritional status of diabetic foot patients and implement personalized intervention plans to prevent malnutrition.

Astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) exhibit diverse reactive phenotypes under neuropathic conditions, yet the mechanisms driving this diversity and its implications in chronic pain remain unclear. Here, we report that spared nerve injury (SNI) induces marked upregulation of both complement component 3 (C3⁺, A1-like) and S100 calcium-binding protein A10 (S100A10⁺, A2-like) astrocyte subpopulations in the SDH, with elevated microglial cytokines including interleukin-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α, and complement component 1q. Transcriptomic, immunohistochemical, and Western blot analyses reveal co-activation of multiple reactive astrocyte states over a unidirectional shift toward an A1-like phenotype. Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), a neuroprotective factor via FGFR3, mitigated microglia-induced C3⁺ astrocyte reactivity in vitro and suppressed spinal C3 expression and mechanical allodynia following intrathecal administration in SNI mice. These findings reveal a microglia-astrocyte signaling axis that promotes A1 reactivity and position FGF8 as a promising therapeutic candidate for neuropathic pain by modulating astrocyte heterogeneity.
Animals ; Astrocytes/drug effects* ; Neuralgia/pathology* ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/physiology* ; Male ; Mice ; Microglia/drug effects* ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 8/pharmacology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Hyperalgesia/drug therapy* ; Spinal Cord/drug effects* ; Complement C3/metabolism* ; Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn/metabolism*

Objective To systematically evaluate malnutrition risk factors in diabetic foot patients through systematic review and inform evidence-based nutritional interventions.Methods A top-down search of the literature on risk factors for malnutrition in patients with diabetic foot was conducted according to the"6S"pyramid model,using a computerized decision-making system,clinical guideline websites,professional association websites and databases,with a timeframe of up to March 2025 for the search.Totally 2 researchers independently performed literature screening,quality assessment,and data extraction.Meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 18 software.Results Totally 23 studies with a total sample size of 5 068 cases were included.There were 10 influencing factors being extracted,including age(OR=2.709),BMI(MD=0.709),duration of diabetes mellitus(OR=2.589),glyco-sylated hemoglobin(OR=2.190),albumin(MD=0.578),hemoglobin(OR=2.948),infection(OR=1.816),C-reactive protein(OR=2.228),Wagner classification of diabetic foot(OR=4.620)and degree of self-care(OR=0.220).The incidence of malnutrition in DFU patients who were assessed by the MNA-SF tool,the MNA tool and GLIM tool were 52.2％,70.2％and 41.4％.Conclusion The incidence of malnutrition in DFU patients is relatively high.Healthcare providers should continuously monitor the nutritional status of diabetic foot patients and implement personalized intervention plans to prevent malnutrition.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of warfarin-related nephropathy (WRN).Methods:Medical records of patients with WRN admitted to Linyi People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024 were collected. The patients′ basic information (gender, age), warfarin medication details (indications, dosage, frequency, etc.), comorbidities, concomitant medication usage, international normalized ratio (INR) and serum creatinine (Scr) test results before and after the occurrence of WRN, as well as the clinical manifestations, interventions, and outcomes of WRN were extracted. The causal relationship between warfarin and renal dysfunction was evaluated according to the Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Monitoring Manual. The clinical data of patients were descriptively and statistically analyzed. Results:A total of 11 patients were entered in the analysis, including 7 males and 4 females; the age ranged from 49 to 85 years, with a median age of 70 years, and 9 cases were older than 60 years. The causality evaluation showed that 3 patients were definite and 8 patients were probable. All the 11 patients had at least one comorbidity, including 6 cases of heart failure, 6 cases of hypoproteinemia, 4 cases of chronic kidney disease, 3 cases of hypertension, 3 cases of pulmonary infection, and 1 case of diabetes. Seven patients were treated with warfarin combined with broad-spectrum antibiotics, 6 combined with diuretics, and 3 combined with renin angiotensin system blockers. The time from the highest INR to the highest Scr level was 0-6 days, with a median time of 2 days, and it was ≤2 days in 9 patients. Six patients had bleeding manifestations such as microscopic hematuria, melena, epistaxis, hematochezia, and skin ecchymosis. Among the 11 patients, 10 stopped warfarin immediately and 1 reduced dosage. All patients received different doses of vitamin K 1 according to the INR level. Among the 6 patients of bleeding, 4 received symptomatic treatments such as omeprazole, tranexamic acid, somatostatin, thrombin powder and octreotide, and 2 patients received hemodialysis due to high Scr level. One patient with severe anemia received blood transfusion. After 1-5 days of treatments (with a median time of 2 days), the INR in all patients decreased to <3.00, of which 5 patients continued to take warfarin, 1 changed warfarin to rivaroxaban, and 5 did not continue anticoagulation therapy. After 2 to 14 days of treatments, Scr in 8 patients recovered to the reference value range, and Scr in 3 patients was still at a high level, of which 1 patient died of unexplained cardiac arrest. Conclusions:WRN is a common adverse reaction of warfarin, with or without bleeding. After the occurrence of WRN, the drug should be stopped as soon as possible and symptomatic treatment should be given. The prognosis is generally good, but it may also lead to chronic kidney disease.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of warfarin-related nephropathy (WRN).Methods:Medical records of patients with WRN admitted to Linyi People′s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024 were collected. The patients′ basic information (gender, age), warfarin medication details (indications, dosage, frequency, etc.), comorbidities, concomitant medication usage, international normalized ratio (INR) and serum creatinine (Scr) test results before and after the occurrence of WRN, as well as the clinical manifestations, interventions, and outcomes of WRN were extracted. The causal relationship between warfarin and renal dysfunction was evaluated according to the Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting and Monitoring Manual. The clinical data of patients were descriptively and statistically analyzed. Results:A total of 11 patients were entered in the analysis, including 7 males and 4 females; the age ranged from 49 to 85 years, with a median age of 70 years, and 9 cases were older than 60 years. The causality evaluation showed that 3 patients were definite and 8 patients were probable. All the 11 patients had at least one comorbidity, including 6 cases of heart failure, 6 cases of hypoproteinemia, 4 cases of chronic kidney disease, 3 cases of hypertension, 3 cases of pulmonary infection, and 1 case of diabetes. Seven patients were treated with warfarin combined with broad-spectrum antibiotics, 6 combined with diuretics, and 3 combined with renin angiotensin system blockers. The time from the highest INR to the highest Scr level was 0-6 days, with a median time of 2 days, and it was ≤2 days in 9 patients. Six patients had bleeding manifestations such as microscopic hematuria, melena, epistaxis, hematochezia, and skin ecchymosis. Among the 11 patients, 10 stopped warfarin immediately and 1 reduced dosage. All patients received different doses of vitamin K 1 according to the INR level. Among the 6 patients of bleeding, 4 received symptomatic treatments such as omeprazole, tranexamic acid, somatostatin, thrombin powder and octreotide, and 2 patients received hemodialysis due to high Scr level. One patient with severe anemia received blood transfusion. After 1-5 days of treatments (with a median time of 2 days), the INR in all patients decreased to <3.00, of which 5 patients continued to take warfarin, 1 changed warfarin to rivaroxaban, and 5 did not continue anticoagulation therapy. After 2 to 14 days of treatments, Scr in 8 patients recovered to the reference value range, and Scr in 3 patients was still at a high level, of which 1 patient died of unexplained cardiac arrest. Conclusions:WRN is a common adverse reaction of warfarin, with or without bleeding. After the occurrence of WRN, the drug should be stopped as soon as possible and symptomatic treatment should be given. The prognosis is generally good, but it may also lead to chronic kidney disease.

Objective To validate the performance of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) reagents using clinical and standard strains, and to evaluate the effectiveness and practicability of ddPCR technology in clinical applications. Methods The concordance rate, specificity, precision, and lower limit of detection of the ddPCR kit were validated using clinical and standard strains. Blood samples from 74 patients with suspected bloodstream infections were collected, and both ddPCR and blood culture methods were used to determine the pathogens in the patient's blood samples. Results The average detection time of ddPCR for pathogens of bloodstream infection was 3.5 hours, which was able to complete the detection of over a dozen common pathogens simultaneously. The concordance rate, specificity, precision, and lower limit of detection of the ddPCR kit for bloodstream infection pathogens all met clinical requirements. Among the 74 patients with suspected bloodstream infections, the positive detection rate using the ddPCR method was 64.86%, while was 40.54% using blood culture, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion The method of ddPCR can detect common pathogens of bloodstream infections rapidly, efficiently, and in large quantities, and its main detection performance can meet clinical needs. The combination of blood culture and ddPCR technology is conductive to early and rapid diagnosis of clinical bloodstream infection patients.

Objective To explore the difference in efficacy of metoprolol versus ivabradine in the treatment of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome(POTS)in the elderly after COVID-19 infection.Methods A total of 110 patients diagnosed with POTS at our department from Decem-ber 1,2022 to January 31,2023 were included.According to their drug regimen,they were divided into metoprolol group(62 patients)and ivabradine group(48 patients).On the 28th day of out-patient follow-up,the resting heart rate,heart rate of 10 min of standing,symptom disappearance rate,hospitalization rate,and mortality rate were compared between the two groups.Results On the 28th day of treatment,the resting heart rate and postural heart rate for 10 min were decreased in both groups when compared with the levels at initial diagnosis(P＜0.01).And there were no significant differences in the two types of heart rate between the two groups on the 28th day(71.0±7.0 vs 72.1±7.0,P=0.401;76.5±7.2 vs 77.4±7.6,P=0.573).No obvious differences were observed between the two groups in symptom disappearance rate,hospitalization rate,or mortality rate(88.7％vs 89.6％,3.2％vs2.1％,0％vs 0％,P＞0.05).Conclusion Metoprolol and ivabradine can effectively treat POTS in the elderly patients after COVID-19 infection.

Objective To observe the comfort effect of gene-transfected pig skin in patients with arc burn wound.Methods A total of 56 patients with electric arc burn treated in our hospital from June 2020 to December 2022 were enrolled and then randomly divided into treatment group and control group,with 28 cases in each group.Both groups were treated with debridement,including removing pollutants and necrotic skin,and cleaning the wounds with normal saline.After debridement,the shallow second-degree burn wounds in the control group were covered with silver ion functional antibacterial dressing and wrapped with sterile cotton pad,while those in the treatment group were covered with thawed and softened gene-transfected pig skins.For the deep second-degree burn wounds,after simple debridement,the wounds were treated with scab grinding in 48 h after burn when the condition of the patients was stable.After this,the wounds in the control group and the treatment group were treated as the shallow wounds,respectively.Visual Analogue Scale(VAS),State Anxiety Inventory(SAI)score,treatment process satisfaction,patient comfort and time for wound healing were observed and compared between the 2 groups.Results There was no significant difference in the VAS score and SAI score between the 2 groups at the first dressing change(P＞0.05),but the VAS score and SAI score were obviously lower in the treatment group than the control group at the second and third dressing changes(P＜0.05).The treatment group obtained notably better comfort level and shorter time for wound healing than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Gene-transfected pig skin shows good efficacy in the wound surface of arc burn,which can shorten the wound healing time,reduce the pain of dressing change and improve the satisfaction and comfort of patients.