OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of Euscaphis japonica from different habitats. METHODS The relative correction factors of gallic acid， protocatechuic acid， ellagic acid， isoquercitrin， astragalin and apigenin were calculated with quercetin as the internal reference； the relative correction factors of euscaphic acid， oleanolic acid， stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were also calculated with ursolic acid as the internal reference. The contents of 12 components in 18 batches of samples were calculated by QAMS method and were compared with external standard method. At the same time， the contents of water-soluble extract， alcohol-soluble extract， total ash and acid-insoluble ash were detected. The quality of E. japonica was evaluated by principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and weighted technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） method. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the results of QAMS method and external standard method for the 12 components in the 18 batches of samples. However， notable content variations were observed among different batches of samples. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA showed that S1-S7， S8- S12， and S13-S18 were clustered into one category respectively. Seven key characteristic components variable importance in projection values ＞1， euscaphic acid， ursolic acid， protocatechuic acid， apigenin， β-sitosterol， isoquercitrin， and oleanolic acid， respectively. The analysis results of the weighted TOPSIS method revealed that the relative closeness for evaluating the quality of 18 batches of samples ranged from 0.283 5 to 0.644 1， with the samples of E. japonica from Fengjie， Chongqing， demonstrating the highest quality. CONCLUSIONS The established method is accurate and feasible， which can be used for the quality evaluation of E. japonica combined with chemometrics and weighted TOPSIS model.

Given the increasing concern regarding antibacterial resistance, the antimicrobial properties of naphthoquinones have recently attracted significant attention. While 1,4-naphthoquinone and its derivatives have been extensively studied, the antibacterial properties of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives remain relatively unexplored. This study presents a comprehensive in vitro and in vivo analysis of the antibacterial activity of 35 naturally sourced and chemically synthesized derivatives of 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing identified three compounds with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with one compound (PNP-02) demonstrating activity comparable to vancomycin in minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and time-kill assays. Microscopic and biochemical analyses revealed that PNP-02 adversely affects the cell wall and cell membrane of MRSA. Mechanistic investigations, including proteomic sequencing analyses, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR assays, indicated that PNP-02 compromises cell membrane integrity by inhibiting arginine biosynthesis and pyrimidine metabolism pathways, thereby increasing membrane permeability and inducing bacterial death. In an in vivo mouse model of skin wound healing, PNP-02 exhibited antibacterial efficacy similar to vancomycin. The compound demonstrated low toxicity to cultured human cells and in hemolysis assays and remained stable during serum incubation. These findings suggest that PNP-02 possesses promising bioactivity against MRSA and represents a potential novel antibacterial agent.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry* ; Naphthoquinones/administration & dosage* ; Animals ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mice ; Humans ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology* ; Molecular Structure

Objective To analyze the hotspots and frontiers of researches related to pain in Parkinson's disease. Methods The literatures on pain in Parkinson's disease were retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang data,CBM and Web of Science Core Collection from inception to November,2023,and were analyzed with CiteSpace 6.1.R6. Results A total of 926 literatures were included with 293 in Chinese and 633 in English,respectively.Chinese high-fre-quency keywords were quality of life,sleep disorders and depression,while English high-frequency keywords were nonmotor symptom,quality of life and levodopa.The latest bursting word in Chinese was pathogenesis,while the latest bursting words in English were exercise and management. Conclusion Number of researches related to pain in Parkinson's disease is gradually rising,and the characteristics,patho-genesis,quality of life,rehabilitation interventions and clinical efficacy have become research hotspots.The mechanism of pain in Parkinson's disease and rehabilitation management program will be the main research top-ics in the future.

[Objective]This study aimed to improve the existing semen processing methods in the field of reproductive male medicine,particularly focusing on the 300×g 20 min treatment condition in the double-layer density gradient method,to enhance fertilization outcome.[Methods]Semen specimens from 1623 patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques at the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July and September 2020 and March and May 2022 were collected for preliminary experiments.Four different double-layer density gradient methods(200×g 10 min,200×g 20 min,300×g 10 min,and 300×g 20 min)were compared for sperm DNA fragmentation rates and recovery rates after processing.Subsequently,the optimal method was selected as the new approach and compared with the current method in use(300×g 20 min double-layer gradient method)to assess any statistical differences in fertilization rates.Further optimization to a single-layer density gradient method was performed based on the new method and compared with the double-layer density gradient method to determine any statistical differences.Experimental conditions were strictly controlled for temperature,centrifugation speed,and duration,with the quantity and processing conditions of each sample recorded.[Results]Among the four double-layer density gradient methods,the sperm DNA fragmentation rate was lower with the 300×g 10 min treatment compared to 300×g 20 min while ensuring sufficient sperm recovery rates.Consequently,the 300×g 10 min method was selected as the new approach for experimentation.Results indicated that the total fertilization rate and 2 pronuclei(2PN)fertilization rate with the new 300×g 10 min method were higher than with the 300×g 20 min method,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Although the cleavage rate with 300×g 10 min was slightly higher than 300×g 20 min,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The total fertilization rate and 2PN fertilization rate were slightly higher with the single-layer density gradient method compared to the double-layer density gradient method,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The cleavage rate with the single-layer density gradient method was higher than the double-layer density gradient method,and the blastocyst formation rate is lower than that of the double-layer density gradient method,and the differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The 300×g 10 min double-layer density gradient method successfully improved total fertilization rates,2PN fertilization rates,and cleavage rates compared to the existing 300×g 20 min method,while reducing the time required for semen optimization processing.Although the single-layer density gradient method improves the cleavage rate,and saves reagent costs and operation time,its blastocyst formation rate has decreased.These findings provide valuable guidance and insights for semen processing methods in the field of reproductive andrology.

β2-adrenergic receptor （β2-AR） agonists are widely used as first-line drugs in the treatment of bronchial asthma （hereinafter referred to as “asthma”）， but long-term use can lead to β2-AR desensitization and reduce its clinical efficacy， resulting in poor symptom control of some asthma patients. The mechanism of β2-AR desensitization induced by β2-AR agonists mainly includes slow hyposensitization （related to the decrease of β2-AR density in airway mucosa） and rapid hyposensitization （related to the mechanism of stimulatory G protein decoupling）. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate（cAMP）-protein kinase A and cAMP- exchange protein activated by cAMP signaling pathways are closely related to β2-AR desensitization. Glucocorticoids， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists， ASM-024， Chinese medicine monotherapies and formulations， when combined with β2-AR agonists， can improve the sensitivity of β2-AR， so as to better control asthma symptoms.

Objective: To explore the influence of group psychological counseling on the mental health of children with mother s authoritarian parenting. Methods: From November 2022 to February 2023, 76 students from grades 4 to 6 whose mother showed authoritarian parenting style, while fathers adopted no authoritative, authoritarian or democratic parenting style and who scored ≥65 on the total MHT were selected using the Parenting Style Questionnaire (PBI) and the Mental Health Diagnostic Test (MHT). All the participants and their mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Before and after the intervention, participants filled out questionnaires on parental bonding instrument and mental health test. Control group: regular delivery of mental health education information, 2 times per week, for 8 weeks, without any other intervention. Intervention group: group counseling activities were conducted once a week. Each intervention lasted 1.5-2 hours and lasts for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, participants filled in the family parenting style and mental health screening questionnaires. Results: After the intervention, compared with the control group, students in the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the total scale score of the MHT, learning anxiety, social anxiety, allergic tendency, physical symptoms, fear tendency, and impulsive tendency ( t=-0.43, -1.04 , -0.81, P >0.05). After intervention, the intervention group students showed a significant decrease in psychological diagnosis test scores, learning anxiety, anxiety towards others, allergic tendencies, physical symptoms, phobic tendencies, and impulsive tendencies compared to the control group students ( t=-20.00, -5.06, -2.09, -3.36, -6.15, -4.76, -5.15, P <0.05). Conclusion Rregular group psychological counseling can effectively improve the academic anxiety, social anxiety, allergic tendencies, physical symptoms, fearful and impulsive tendencies of students whose mothers with authoritarian parenting style, and greatly improve their mental health.

Enzymes are widely used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries because of their advantages of high efficiency and specificity. However， the shortcomings of the free enzymes， such as poor stability and difficulty in recycling， limit their application. Therefore， the immobilization and application of enzymes have become one of the research hotspots. The selection of the immobilization carriers is a critical step in the process of enzyme immobilization. Metal-organic frameworks（MOFs）， a kind of porous materials， are formed by the coordination of metal ions or metal clusters with organic ligands. As an emerging immobilization carrier， its advantages such as high porosity， strong stability， and surface modifiability make it ideal for immobilized enzyme carriers. By immobilizing the free enzyme on MOFs， the above mentioned deficiencies of the free enzymes can be effectively solved， which greatly broaden the applicable condition. Ligand fishing is a method to find receptor-specific ligands from complex components， which has the advantages of high efficiency， simple sample pretreatment and high specificity. The MOF-enzyme complex formed by enzyme immobilization can act as a "fishing rod" for ligand fishing， which can screen out the targets from the complex system of components. The complex chemical composition and various active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） make the ligand fishing technology to play a big role in the screening of enzyme inhibitors from TCM. And the screened enzyme inhibitors are expected to be further developed into the lead compounds with good efficacy and low adverse effects， so the immobilized enzymes of MOFs have a wide application in the screening of active ingredients from TCM. Based on this， this paper summarized the methods of immobilized enzymes of MOFs in recent years， analyzed the characteristics， advantages and disadvantages of each method， and summarized the laws of preparation conditions and mechanisms. Meanwhile， the application and future development of immobilized enzymes of MOFs in the field of enzyme inhibitor screening from TCM were also summarized and prospected， with a view to providing a reference for the development of natural ingredients and the modernization of TCM.

The life view of "human life is the most important" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) originates from the people-oriented theory of Chinese traditional culture, the benevolence thought of Confucianism, the rebirth thought of Taoism and the compassion thought of Buddhism. Taking the life view of "human life is the most important" as the starting point, it has formed medical ethics thoughts such as the social responsibility of saving the world, the medical practice purpose of treating all patients equally, the meticulous working attitude, the diligent and tireless learning attitude, and the exploration spirit of widely exploring the medical roots, which still has important educational significance. Therefore, the life view of "human life is the most important" should be integrated into the medical ethics education of medical students, and the medical ethics literacy of medical students should be improved through the following ways: strengthen the vocational ideal education of saving the dying and healing the wounded, and enhance the sense of social responsibility of medical students; consolidate the theme of life first classroom education and improve the professional identity of medical students; enrich and innovate the practice forms of protecting life, pay attention to the practicality of medical ethics education.

Objective To analyze the voice acoustic characteristics in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients,and to study the correlation between voice features and the severity of disease.Methods A total of 83 patients with PD were selected from the Dongguan Songshan Lake Central Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 as the experi-mental group,and 87 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group.All the PD patients were tested with Uni-fied Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS).The vioce samples of all subjects were collected and acoustic char-acteristic were analyzed using speech processing software.The acoustic parameters of two groups were compared ac-cording to sex,and the correlation between vioce features and the severity of disease was analyzed.Results A total of 3 720 speech samples were collected,including 1 895 for PD and 1 825 for the controls.The maximum fundamen-tal frequency,fundamental frequency range and fundamental frequency period change rate were lower than the con-trol group,and the amplitude disturbance was higher than the control group,the differences were statistically signif-icant(P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation between UPDRS-Ⅲ score and the rate of fundamental frequency period change in female patients with PD(r=-0.617,P＜0.05).Conclusion The changes in acoustic parameters are mainly manifested as the decrease in the maximum fundamental frequency,range of fundamental frequency and the change rate of fundamental frequency period,and the increase in the the amplitude disturbance.The rate of fun-damental frequency period change may be used as an indicator to evaluate the severity in female patients with PD.

Objective:To investigate the anatomic classification and reconstruction of right intrahepatic bile duct in the donor liver of split liver transplantation (SLT).Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was constructed. The clinical data of 85 patients who underwent SLT in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2014 to January 2022 were collected. There were 65 males and 20 females, aged 45(range, 1-82)years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical conditions; (2) anatomy of right intrahepatic bile duct; (3) bile duct reconstruction; (4) postoperative biliary complications; (5) follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range) or M( Q1, Q3).Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Results:(1) Surgical conditions. Of the 85 donor livers, 11 donor livers were split between the left and right hemilivers, and 74 donor livers were split between the classic right trilobe and left lateral lobe. The cold ischemia time of 85 donor livers was 291(273, 354)minutes, and the operation time, anhepatic phase time and volume of intraoperative blood transfusion of 85 recipients were (497±97)minutes, 51(40, 80)minutes and 8(7, 12)U. (2) Anatomy of right intrahepatic bile duct. Of the 85 donor livers, there were 47 donor livers with classic bile duct anatomical model (type 1), of the ratio as 55.3%(47/85), and 38 donor livers with anatomical variants, of the ratio as 44.7%(38/85). Of the 38 donor livers with anatomical variants, 7 donor livers were type 2, 16 donor livers were type 3a, 2 donor livers were type 3b, 2 donor livers were type 3c, 1 donor liver was type 4, 3 donor livers were type 5a, 4 donor livers were type 5b, 3 donor livers were type 6. For bile duct splitting patterns of the 85 donor livers, 84 donor livers were split with the main trunk of common hepatic duct preserving in the right hemiliver or right trilobe, and 1 donor liver were treated with complete left and right hemiliver splitting to preserve the main trunk of the common hepatic duct in the left hemiliver and the right hemiliver in the right hepatic duct (type 1 bile duct anatomical model). There were 84 donor livers with only one bile duct opening, and 1 donor liver with two bile duct openings (type 3c bile duct anatomical model). (3) Bile duct reconstruction. Of the 85 recipients, there were 69 recipients with common bile duct end-to-end anastomosis to common bile duct of donor liver (38 donor livers with type 1 bile duct anatomical model, 5 donor livers with type 2 bile duct anatomical model, 14 donor livers with type 3a bile duct anatomical model, 2 donor livers with type 3b bile duct anatomical model, 1 donor liver with type 4 bile duct anatomical model, 3 donor livers with type 5a bile duct anatomical model, 4 donor livers with type 5b bile duct anatomical model, 2 donor livers with type 6 bile duct anatomical model), 11 recipients with jejunum anastomosis to common bile duct of donor liver (7 donor livers with type 1 bile duct anatomical model, 2 donor livers with type 2 bile duct anatomical model, 1 donor liver with type 3c bile duct anatomical model, 1 donor liver with type 6 bile duct anatomical model), 3 recipients with jejunum anastomosis to common hepatic duct of donor liver (1 donor liver with type 1 bile duct anatomical model, 2 donor livers with type 3a bile duct anatomical model), 1 recipient with jejunum anastomosis to right hepatic duct of donor liver (type 1 bile duct anatomical model), 1 recipient with common hepatic duct end-to-end anastomosis to right posterior branch of donor liver combined with jejunum of the recipient Roux-en-y anastomosis to common hepatic duct of donor liver (type 3c bile duct anatomical model). (4) Postoperative biliary complications. Of the 85 recipients, 6 cases had postoperative biliary complications, with an incidence of 7.1% (6/85). Of the 6 recipients with postoperative biliary complications, there were 5 recipients with donor liver with type 1 bile duct anatomical model, including 3 cases undergoing postoperative biliary stricture with biliary leakage and 2 cases undergoing postoperative biliary anastomotic stricture, 1 recipient with donor liver with type 3b bile duct anatomical model and undergoing postoperative biliary anastomotic stricture and bile leakage in the liver section. Cases with biliary complications were 5 in the 47 recipients with donor liver with classic bile duct anatomical model and 1 in the 38 recipients with donor liver with anato-mical variants, showing no significant difference between them ( P>0.05). (5) Follow-up. There were 83 recipients receiving followed up for 52(12,96)months. During the follow-up period, 2 recipients died due to non-biliary complication factors (1 donor liver with type 1 bile duct anatomical model and 1 donor liver with 3a bile duct anatomical model). Conclusion:The anatomical classification of right intrahepatic bile duct of donor liver in SLT is mainly classical bile duct anatomical model, and the bile duct reconstruction scheme is mainly common bile duct of donor liver end-to-end anasto-mosis to common bile duct of recipient.