As the core carrier of the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， the modern expanded application of classic formulae is an inevitable trend for TCM to adapt to the changes in disease spectrum and achieve academic development. However， several challenges remain， including the vague definition of syndrome-formula ontology between ancient and modern times， the insufficient adaptability of the evidence grading system， and the disconnection between theory and clinical practice， having severely restricted the precise application and standardized development of classic formulae. Based on the current status of the modern expanded application of classic formulae， and grounded in the core theory of formula-syndrome correspondence in TCM， this paper constructs a theoretical framework of "syndrome-formula ontology reconstruction". The framework systematically expounds its core connotations， theoretical foundations and practical logic， and further clarifies the reconstruction direction of the TCM-specific evidence grading system by taking correspondence between formula and syndrome as the core， constructing a multi-dimensional and integrated evaluation framework， and adhering to the orientation of clinical application. The ultimate goal is to form a theoretical paradigm characterized by "syndrome-formula ontology reconstruction-evidence grading reconstruction-precise clinical application"， thereby providing theoretical support for the digital inheritance， evidence-based development， and modern application of classical prescriptions.

With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

This paper summarizes professor LIN Yi's clinical experience in treating brain metastases of triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC）. It is believed that the pathogenesis of this disease is fundamentally based on spleen and lung qi deficiency， with the binding of phlegm， stasis， and toxins acting as the critical link for disease progression， and qi stagnation serving as a major factor in its protracted course. The core therapeutic principle of "consolidating the root and cultivating the origin， resolving phlegm and dredging collaterals" is proposed. Clinically， the disease is staged into active， stable， and convalescent phases. During the active phase， characterized by spleen and lung qi deficiency alongside hyperactivity of phlegm-toxin pathogens， the treatment focuses on supplementing qi， fortifying the spleen， resolving phlegm， and dredging collaterals， utilizing the Yiqi Jiangtan Tongluo Formula （益气降痰通络方）. During the stable phase， marked by spleen deficiency， weak qi， and residual phlegm， stasis， and toxins lingering in the collaterals， the treatment aims to fortify spleen， cultivate the origin， expel pathogens， and dredge collaterals， using modified Baihua Qiling Formula （白花芪苓方）. During the convalescent phase， characterized by depletion of healthy qi， dysfunction of zang-fu （脏腑） organs， and deep-seated residual phlegm， stasis， and toxins within the brain collaterals， the treatment focuses on regulating qi movement， protecting body fluids， and applying constitution-based treatments， mostly using mild and nourishing medicinals.

This paper summarizes professor LIN Yi's clinical experience in treating brain metastases of triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC）. It is believed that the pathogenesis of this disease is fundamentally based on spleen and lung qi deficiency， with the binding of phlegm， stasis， and toxins acting as the critical link for disease progression， and qi stagnation serving as a major factor in its protracted course. The core therapeutic principle of "consolidating the root and cultivating the origin， resolving phlegm and dredging collaterals" is proposed. Clinically， the disease is staged into active， stable， and convalescent phases. During the active phase， characterized by spleen and lung qi deficiency alongside hyperactivity of phlegm-toxin pathogens， the treatment focuses on supplementing qi， fortifying the spleen， resolving phlegm， and dredging collaterals， utilizing the Yiqi Jiangtan Tongluo Formula （益气降痰通络方）. During the stable phase， marked by spleen deficiency， weak qi， and residual phlegm， stasis， and toxins lingering in the collaterals， the treatment aims to fortify spleen， cultivate the origin， expel pathogens， and dredge collaterals， using modified Baihua Qiling Formula （白花芪苓方）. During the convalescent phase， characterized by depletion of healthy qi， dysfunction of zang-fu （脏腑） organs， and deep-seated residual phlegm， stasis， and toxins within the brain collaterals， the treatment focuses on regulating qi movement， protecting body fluids， and applying constitution-based treatments， mostly using mild and nourishing medicinals.

Objective To propose a framework for risk assessment and stepwise management of pulmonary nodules based on existing guidelines and key studies, and to clarify the boundaries for triage, workup escalation, and referral in different detection scenarios. Methods A problem-oriented evidence synthesis approach was used, prioritizing Chinese expert consensus, Fleischner Society Guidelines, British Thoracic Society (BTS) Guidelines, and Lung-RADS. This was supplemented by studies on risk models, imaging measurements, liquid biopsy, tissue sampling, and surgical treatments. This paper is not presented as a formal consensus or a validated clinical pathway. Results A three-tiered framework consisting of basic non-invasive assessment, advanced assessment, and invasive diagnosis was established. It specified the applicable populations, boundaries for the use of risk models, imaging review, management of conflicting results, evaluation of histopathological consistency, and post-intervention follow-up. Liquid biopsy, genetic testing, and artificial intelligence were defined as investigational or adjunctive tools. Conclusion This framework can serve as a preliminary reference for multidisciplinary teams in developing local protocols. It cannot replace applicable guidelines, pathological diagnosis, shared decision-making with patients, or real-world validation.

This article combined the pathogenic characteristics of "latent wind" with the theory of collateral diseases to clarify the pathological features of tumor blood vessels， including their active proliferation， high permeabi-lity， and promotion of metastasis. The theory framework of "latent wind in collaterals" as the tumor mechanism was proposed， which suggests that at the site of tumor lesions， the collaterals inherit the nature of latent wind to grow excessively， adopt an open and discharge nature to leak essence， and tumor toxins， characterized by their rapid movement and frequent changes， spread and metastasize， driving the progression of malignant tumors. Focusing on the fundamental pathogenesis of "latent wind in collaterals"， specific clinical treatment principles and methods centered on treating wind are proposed， including regulating qi and dispelling wind， clearing heat and extinguishing wind， unblocking collaterals and expelling wind， and reinforcing healthy qi to calm wind， so as to provide references for enhancing the precision of traditional Chinese medicine in treating malignant tumors.

Objectives:To investigate the physical growth status of pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and analyze the effects of treatment-related and socioeconomic factors on physical growth.Methods:Based on the specialized thalassemia database from gene therapy clinical research at the Institute of Hematology & Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, we collected data on height and weight development, family economic status, and medical records of 338 pediatric patients with TDT from October 2023 to May 2024. The length/height-for-age and body mass index (BMI) -for-age were classified based on the Growth Standard for Children under 7 Years of Age, Standard for Height Level Classification among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years, and Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the effects of family economic status and disease-related treatment on length/height-for-age and BMI-for-age.Results:Among the 338 patients, 118 were children and 220 were adolescents (192 males and 146 females), with a median age of 12 years (range: 0.8-18) and a median diagnosis duration of 10.3 years (range: 0.5-17.9). Subtypes included α-thalassemia [21 cases (6.2%) ], β-thalassemia [288 cases (85.2%) ], and combined αβ-thalassemia[29 cases (8.6%) ]. The monthly household income of patients was concentrated in 3 000-5 000 yuan (39.9%) and 5 001-10 000 yuan (34.9%), whereas 67.2% of the families had monthly medical expenses of <3 000 yuan. Of the patients, 75.5% received their first transfusion before 1 year of age. The proportions of children and adolescents with pretransfusion hemoglobin (HGB) of ≤70 g/L were 4.2% and 6.4%, respectively. Adolescents demonstrated significantly higher rates of transfusion frequency of <4 weeks/session, monthly red blood cell infusion of >2 U, serum ferritin (SF) of ≥5 000 μg/L, iron chelation therapy, and splenectomy compared with children (all P<0.05). Of the 338 patients, 26.0%, 22.8%, and 8.9% demonstrated stunted growth, underweight, and concurrent stunted growth with underweight, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the stunted growth rates between children (22.9%) and adolescents (27.7%) ( P=0.402). However, the underweight rate in adolescents (26.8%) was significantly higher than that in children (15.3%) ( P=0.023). The multivariate analysis determined the following risk factors for stunted growth: monthly household income of <10 000 yuan (5 001-10 000 yuan: OR=5.49, 95% CI: 1.48-35.76; 3 000-5 000 yuan: OR=6.87, 95% CI: 1.88-44.60; <3 000 yuan: OR=9.29, 95% CI: 2.20-64.77), pretransfusion HGB of ≤70 g/L ( OR=3.25, 95% CI: 1.07-10.18), and SF of ≥5 000 μg/L ( OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.20-7.70). Longer diagnostic duration was associated with underweight ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20) . Conclusions:Children and adolescents with TDT with pretransfusion SF of ≥5 000 μg/L, HGB of ≤70 g/L, low monthly household income, or longer diagnosis duration were significantly more likely to experience delayed physical growth.

Objective To analyze the current quality of treatment for hospitalized cancer patients in Bei-jing,identify major issues in treatment practices,and propose improvements.Methods Nine hospitals in Beijing were selected for examination.Expert on-site interviews and medical record sampling were conducted.The"Bei-jing Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Quality Control Checklist"was used to assess the hardware,management,anti-cancer drug therapy,radiation therapy,and surgical treatment during cancer treatment at these hospitals from January to October 2023.The relevant problems were analyzed.Results Among the nine hospitals,two(22.2％)were equipped with laminar flow rooms,and three(33.3％)had intravenous drug preparation centers.In terms of institutional management,seven hospitals(77.8％)had standardized anti-cancer drug prescription authority management,eight(88.9％)had complete emergency plans,and five(55.6％)had oncology specialist pharmacists.Regarding anti-cancer drug therapy,the areas with higher completion rates included pathology diag-nosis support(97.6％),routine pre-treatment examinations(96.3％),adverse reaction evaluation(92.7％),discharge summaries(95.1％),and admission records(91.5％).However,the accuracy of tumor staging before treatment(70.7％)and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy after drug treatment(76.9％)needed improvement.The oncology specialty significantly outperformed the non-oncology specialty in terms of the accuracy rate of TNM staging(86.0％vs.46.9％,P＜0.001),the completeness of informed consent forms(100％vs.68.8％,P＜0.001),the completeness of drug indication evaluation(96.0％vs.78.1％,P=0.025),the completeness of admission medical history records(98.0％vs.81.3％,P=0.008),the rationality of drug dosage(96.0％vs.75.0％,P=0.005),the rationality of drug infusion time(100％vs.62.5％,P＜0.001),and the rationality of the order of drug infusion(100％vs.87.5％,P=0.010).Although the quality of radiation therapy was high,the subsequent evaluation of therapeutic efficacy(39.3％)requires enhancement.In surgical treatment,the preoper-ative pathology diagnosis support rate(78.1％)and the accuracy of tumor staging(37.5％)were relatively low,indicating issues with incomplete preoperative evaluation and the absence of multidisciplinary discussions.Conclusions There remains significant room for improvement in the quality of cancer treatment in China.It is recommended to standardize tumor staging assessment processes,strengthen entry assessments for non-oncology departments,promote the implementation of multidisciplinary treatment models,and establish a multi-department collaborative management model.Continuous monitoring of cancer diagnosis and treatment quality indicators is es-sential to promote ongoing improvements in cancer treatment quality.

Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) technology has become a key tool for identifying protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and revealing the protein structures in living cells, tissues, or organelles. The XL-MS technology has demonstrated remarkable superiority compared with conventional methods for studying PPIs and protein structures. In the past few years, new cross-linker structures have been arising continuously. They have not only broadened the range of cross-linking reactions but also provided additional methods for the enrichment of cross-linking peptides. Moreover, owing to the advancement of computer software and artificial intelligence, cross - linking data search engines and visualization software have also been enhancing the speed and accuracy of cross-linking peptide identification. The evolution of cross-linkers and cross-linking peptide search engines has promoted the application of the XL-MS technology in the research on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within organelles and even living cells and in the analysis of protein structures.

By aggregating the essence of theories related with depressive syndrome from historical medical practitioners and based on the extensive clinical experience,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)master Lin Yi proposed the theory of six-stagnation-based breast disease prevention and treatment.She pointed out that the occurrence of breast diseases is related to six stagnations(qi stagnancy,blood stagnancy,phlegm stagnancy,dampness stagnancy,food stagnancy,and fire stagnancy),and the treatment for breast diseases should start from the six stagnations.The development and progression of breast cancer is closely associated with the imbalance of internal environment and the formation of six stagnations,and breast cancer is one of the major diseases suitable for the TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment.For the treatment of early breast cancer,Professor Lin Yi proposed to divide early breast cancer into four stages,namely perioperative period,peri-chemotherapy period,peri-radiotherapy period,and consolidation period.Guided by the theory of six-stagnation-based breast disease prevention and treatment,therapies of soothing the liver,resolving phlegm,removing stasis,clearing heat,eliminating dampness,promoting digestion,fortifying the spleen,and tonifying the kidney are employed to harmonize the internal environment and alleviate symptoms.The theory of six-stagnation-based breast disease prevention and treatment enriches the TCM theory for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer,refines the principles and methods for the staging and syndrome differentiation of early breast cancer,and holds significant implications for enhancing the efficacy of integrated TCM and western medicine in managing early breast cancer.