Anticipatory anxiety is a negative emotion that arises when individuals encounter potential threats or uncertainties in the future. It is the core symptom of a variety of anxiety disorders, and is closely associated with the occurrence, severity, treatment outcome, and prognosis of anxiety disorders, which has garnered a growing amount of focus in clinical practice. Nevertheless, scientific research on anticipatory anxiety continues to face obstacles such as unclear pathological mechanisms, the absence of simple and consistent self-assessment tools, and effective interventions. To improve understanding of the role of anticipatory anxiety in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders, this study reviews pertinent domestic and international literature, and briefly introduces the concept, assessment and measurement, activation paradigm, pathological mechanisms, and interventions of anticipatory anxiety.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic treatment of superficial non-ampullary duodenal adenoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and follow-up information of patients diagnosed with superficial duodenal non-ampullary adenomas via preoperative endoscopy and treated endoscopically at Peking University First Hospital between January 2013 and January 2024. The overall en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate of the lesion, perioperative complications, and recurrence rates were evaluated. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their treatment modality: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)（ n=46）, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)（ n=16）, and modified ESD (ESD with snare, ESD-S)（ n=24）. Comparative analyses were conducted to evaluate operative time, en bloc resection rate, and complete resection rate among the three groups. Results:Among 86 patients, the overall en bloc and complete resection rates were 87.2% (75/86) and 86.0% (74/86), respectively. No case of delayed bleeding was observed during the perioperative period. Intraoperative perforation occurred in two patients, both of whom improved following conservative management. Delayed perforation was noted in four patients, and three of them were successfully managed with surgical intervention, while one case was resolved after conservative treatment. During the follow-up period, local recurrence was identified in two patients. Following re-treatment with endoscopy and continuous surveillance, no further recurrence was observed. The operative times for the EMR group, ESD-S group, and ESD group were 4 (1-36) minutes, 25 (5-190) minutes, and 46 (5-150) minutes, respectively. Significant differences were observed in operative times among the three groups ( Hc=49.892, P<0.001). The en bloc resection rates for the EMR, ESD-S, and ESD groups were 80.4% (37/46), 91.7% (22/24), and 100.0% (16/16), respectively. The complete resection rates were 80.4% (37/46), 91.7% (22/24), and 93.8% (15/16) for the respective groups. Conclusion:Endoscopic treatment demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety for superficial non-ampullary duodenal adenoma. In addition to traditional EMR and ESD, ESD-S is also an effective procedure for endoscopic treatment of non-ampullary duodenal adenoma.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic treatment of superficial non-ampullary duodenal adenoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and follow-up information of patients diagnosed with superficial duodenal non-ampullary adenomas via preoperative endoscopy and treated endoscopically at Peking University First Hospital between January 2013 and January 2024. The overall en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate of the lesion, perioperative complications, and recurrence rates were evaluated. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their treatment modality: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)（ n=46）, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)（ n=16）, and modified ESD (ESD with snare, ESD-S)（ n=24）. Comparative analyses were conducted to evaluate operative time, en bloc resection rate, and complete resection rate among the three groups. Results:Among 86 patients, the overall en bloc and complete resection rates were 87.2% (75/86) and 86.0% (74/86), respectively. No case of delayed bleeding was observed during the perioperative period. Intraoperative perforation occurred in two patients, both of whom improved following conservative management. Delayed perforation was noted in four patients, and three of them were successfully managed with surgical intervention, while one case was resolved after conservative treatment. During the follow-up period, local recurrence was identified in two patients. Following re-treatment with endoscopy and continuous surveillance, no further recurrence was observed. The operative times for the EMR group, ESD-S group, and ESD group were 4 (1-36) minutes, 25 (5-190) minutes, and 46 (5-150) minutes, respectively. Significant differences were observed in operative times among the three groups ( Hc=49.892, P<0.001). The en bloc resection rates for the EMR, ESD-S, and ESD groups were 80.4% (37/46), 91.7% (22/24), and 100.0% (16/16), respectively. The complete resection rates were 80.4% (37/46), 91.7% (22/24), and 93.8% (15/16) for the respective groups. Conclusion:Endoscopic treatment demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety for superficial non-ampullary duodenal adenoma. In addition to traditional EMR and ESD, ESD-S is also an effective procedure for endoscopic treatment of non-ampullary duodenal adenoma.

Anticipatory anxiety is a negative emotion that arises when individuals encounter potential threats or uncertainties in the future. It is the core symptom of a variety of anxiety disorders, and is closely associated with the occurrence, severity, treatment outcome, and prognosis of anxiety disorders, which has garnered a growing amount of focus in clinical practice. Nevertheless, scientific research on anticipatory anxiety continues to face obstacles such as unclear pathological mechanisms, the absence of simple and consistent self-assessment tools, and effective interventions. To improve understanding of the role of anticipatory anxiety in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders, this study reviews pertinent domestic and international literature, and briefly introduces the concept, assessment and measurement, activation paradigm, pathological mechanisms, and interventions of anticipatory anxiety.

Rumination is a pathological habitual thinking pattern commonly observed in various mental disorders. It is closely associated with the severity of symptoms, treatment outcomes, and social functioning outcomes in conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In recent years, rumination has become a focal point in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. However, research on rumination still faces challenges, including conceptual ambiguity, lack of consistent assessment tools, unclear pathological mechanisms, and a shortage of effective intervention methods. This paper conducts a comprehensive review by examining relevant domestic and international literature to enhance our understanding of rumination across different mental disorders. The review encompasses the concepts, assessments, pathological mechanisms, and intervention methods of rumination, aiming to provide insights and references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rumination.

Objectives:To construct a multi-segment cervical spinal stenosis with instability model through finite element technology,and to analyze and compare the stability difference of posterior open door laminoplasty combined with unilateral or bilateral lateral mass screw fixations.Methods:A C0-T1 muscular finite element model of the cervical spine was constructed based on the cervical computed tomography(CT)data of an adult healthy male volunteer who visited Ningbo No.6 Hospital in January 2023.The model's range of motion(ROM)in flexion and extension,lateral bending,and rotation aligned closely with the ROM re-sults reported in relevant literature,showing reasonable stress distribution and high reliability.And based on the complete model,models of cervical multi-segment spinal stenosis and multi-segment spinal stenosis com-bined with instability were generated using finite element technology.After setting the left side of the two models as the door opening side,removing the full layer of vertebral lamina and fixing with titanium plate,and making a V-shaped groove on the right side as the door axis,an open-door model of multi-segment spinal stenosis(classical open-door group)and an open-door model of multi-segment spinal stenosis combined with instability(unstable open-door group)were established,respectively.On the basis of model of unstable open-door group,unilateral or bilateral lateral mass screws were implanted in C3-C7 segments,generating a unilateral lateral mass screw fixation model(unilateral screw group)and a bilateral lateral mass screw fixation model(bilateral screw group).The ROM and stress distribution in flexion extension,lateral bending,and rotation directions of each group of models were calculated.The ROM results of the unstable open-door group,unilateral screw group,and bilateral screw group were tested using independent sample F,and comparison between groups was made with SNK's q test.Results:The ROMs in all motion directions of the C3-C7 segment in unilateral screw group and bilateral screw group were smaller than unstable open-door group(P＜0.05);The ROMs in flexion,extension,and lateral bending directions at the C3-C7 segments in the bilateral screw group was also smaller than those in the unilateral screw group(P＜0.05).The peak stress of the screws in the unilateral screw group was relatively high in the left bending and left rotation directions,with values of 402.9MPa and 450.2MPa,respectively;In the bilateral screw group,the stress peaks of the screw in flexion and extension directions were significantly higher than those in the other directions,at 409.8MPa and 651 MPa,respectively.Conclusions:Compared to the open door extended laminoplasty,both unilateral lateral mass screw fixation and bilateral lateral mass screw fixation demonstrate good mechanical stability.

Objectives:To construct a multi-segment cervical spinal stenosis with instability model through finite element technology,and to analyze and compare the stability difference of posterior open door laminoplasty combined with unilateral or bilateral lateral mass screw fixations.Methods:A C0-T1 muscular finite element model of the cervical spine was constructed based on the cervical computed tomography(CT)data of an adult healthy male volunteer who visited Ningbo No.6 Hospital in January 2023.The model's range of motion(ROM)in flexion and extension,lateral bending,and rotation aligned closely with the ROM re-sults reported in relevant literature,showing reasonable stress distribution and high reliability.And based on the complete model,models of cervical multi-segment spinal stenosis and multi-segment spinal stenosis com-bined with instability were generated using finite element technology.After setting the left side of the two models as the door opening side,removing the full layer of vertebral lamina and fixing with titanium plate,and making a V-shaped groove on the right side as the door axis,an open-door model of multi-segment spinal stenosis(classical open-door group)and an open-door model of multi-segment spinal stenosis combined with instability(unstable open-door group)were established,respectively.On the basis of model of unstable open-door group,unilateral or bilateral lateral mass screws were implanted in C3-C7 segments,generating a unilateral lateral mass screw fixation model(unilateral screw group)and a bilateral lateral mass screw fixation model(bilateral screw group).The ROM and stress distribution in flexion extension,lateral bending,and rotation directions of each group of models were calculated.The ROM results of the unstable open-door group,unilateral screw group,and bilateral screw group were tested using independent sample F,and comparison between groups was made with SNK's q test.Results:The ROMs in all motion directions of the C3-C7 segment in unilateral screw group and bilateral screw group were smaller than unstable open-door group(P＜0.05);The ROMs in flexion,extension,and lateral bending directions at the C3-C7 segments in the bilateral screw group was also smaller than those in the unilateral screw group(P＜0.05).The peak stress of the screws in the unilateral screw group was relatively high in the left bending and left rotation directions,with values of 402.9MPa and 450.2MPa,respectively;In the bilateral screw group,the stress peaks of the screw in flexion and extension directions were significantly higher than those in the other directions,at 409.8MPa and 651 MPa,respectively.Conclusions:Compared to the open door extended laminoplasty,both unilateral lateral mass screw fixation and bilateral lateral mass screw fixation demonstrate good mechanical stability.

Rumination is a pathological habitual thinking pattern commonly observed in various mental disorders. It is closely associated with the severity of symptoms, treatment outcomes, and social functioning outcomes in conditions such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In recent years, rumination has become a focal point in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. However, research on rumination still faces challenges, including conceptual ambiguity, lack of consistent assessment tools, unclear pathological mechanisms, and a shortage of effective intervention methods. This paper conducts a comprehensive review by examining relevant domestic and international literature to enhance our understanding of rumination across different mental disorders. The review encompasses the concepts, assessments, pathological mechanisms, and intervention methods of rumination, aiming to provide insights and references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rumination.

Rutin,a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables,is a potential anticancer compound with strong anti-cancer activity.Therefore,electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of rutin.In this study,CoWO4 nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method,and porous carbon(PC)was prepared via high-temperature pyrolysis.Successful preparation of the materials was confirmed,and character-ization was performed by transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.A mixture of PC and CoWO4 nanosheets was used as an electrode modifier to fabricate the electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical determination of rutin.The 3D CoWO4 nanosheets exhibited high electrocatalytic activity and good stability.PC has a high surface-to-volume ratio and superior conductivity.Moreover,the hydrophobicity of PC allows large amounts of rutin to be adsorbed,thereby increasing the concentration of rutin at the electrode surface.Owing to the syn-ergistic effect of the 3D CoWO4 nanosheets and PC,the developed electrochemical sensor was employed to quantitively determine rutin with high stability and sensitivity.The sensor showed a good linear range(5-5000 ng/mL)with a detection limit of O.45 ng/mL.The developed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of rutin in crushed tablets and human serum samples.