BACKGROUND:The impact of the endometrium's structure and spiral artery blood flow parameters on the pregnancy rate of artificial insemination by husband remains unclear.This study identified the independent factors and constructed a prediction model with good clinical application efficacy after calibration of other confounding factors. OBJECTIVE:To construct and validate a clinical pregnancy prediction model for artificial insemination by husband based on endometrial structure and uterine spiral artery blood flow parameters. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1 299 patients who underwent artificial insemination by husband treatment at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to January 2021.The non-pregnancy group consisted of 1 182 patients,while the pregnancy group included 117 patients.Out of these patients,93 cases were successfully matched between the pregnancy and non-pregnancy groups using a 1∶1 propensity score matching method.Single-factor and multi-factor analyses were used to screen the endometrial structure and uterine spiral artery blood flow parameters to determine their influence on artificial insemination by husband outcomes.The optimal cutoff value was established for each independent influencing factor through receiver operating curve analysis and their risk trend affecting artificial insemination by husband pregnancy outcomes was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline.The clinical efficacy of this combined forecast model was tested by using clinical decision curve and clinical influence curve methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There was no statistical significance in non-endometrial factors between the pregnancy group and the non-pregnancy group,and the data had a good balance by propensity score matching(P>0.05).(2)Single-factor analysis identified several subendometrial parameters as significant influencing factors of artificial insemination by husband pregnancy outcomes,including vascularization index,flow index,vascular flow index,resistance index,pulsatility index,maximum systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity,thickness of average junction zone and maximum junction zone from the basal endometrium to the outer myometrium inner layer(P<0.05).(3)Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that thickness of average junction zone,pulsatility index,and vascular flow index were independent influencing factors of pregnancy outcomes of artificial insemination by husband,vascular flow index>thickness of average junction zone>pulsatility index.(4)Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of vascular flow index was 0.704(0.629,0.779),and the optimal cutoff value was 6.26;the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of thickness of average junction zone was 0.660(0.582,0.739),and the optimal cutoff value was 6.38;the area under receiver operating characteristic curve of pulsatility index was 0.642(0.563,0.721),and the optimal cutoff value was 1.18.(5)The restricted cubic spline analysis revealed that artificial insemination by husband pregnancy outcomes were significantly positively affected when the vascular flow index was>6.24 or the thickness of average junction zone was≤6.55 mm,while a negative risk was associated with pulsatility index>1.27.(6)The clinical decision curve and clinical influence curve analyses exhibited that the combined prediction model had the maximum clinical net benefit at the threshold probability value of 0.17-0.93,and the ratio of loss to benefit was consistently less than 1 in the threshold probability range,indicating that the model had good clinical efficacy.(7)It is concluded that after adjusting for other confounding factors outside of the endometrium using propensity score matching and multifactorial logistic regression,the thickness of average junction zone,pulsatility index and vascular flow index were independent factors that influenced pregnancy outcomes of artificial insemination by husband.Through determining their optimal cutoff values and assessing their risk trends,it was confirmed that the combined prediction model had good predictive value and clinical efficacy.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and their interation in the incidence of monozygotic twins dur-ing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:The cohort for this investigation comprised 4537 pa-tients who underwent IVF-ET with single embryo transfer,resulting in live births at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital spanning from January 2011 to December 2021.Among this cohort,76 paitients with monozygotic twins were enrolled in the monozygotic twin group.Employing a 5∶1 propensity score matching strategy,380 patients with monozygotic singletons were enrolled in monozygotic singleton group.Using single fac-tor and Lasso regression analysis to correct for the influencing factors of monozygotic twins,using multiple factor Logistic regression to screen for independent risk factors of monozygotic twins and analyze their impact weights,and then performing multiplication and addition interaction analysis on them.Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)between the two groups of patients in terms of age,fertilization method,assisted hatching,embryo type for transfer,embryo transfer method,embryo culture duration,and HCG day estradiol(E2)level.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that blas-tocyst transfer(OR 2.847,95％CI 1.559-5.199),frozen-thawed embryo transfer(OR 2.640,95％CI 1.354-5.145),and HCG day E2 level(OR 1.783,95％CI 1.033-3.077)were independent risk factors for monozygotic twins(P＜0.05),demonstrating a hierarchical impact sequence of blastocyst transfer(11.60)＞frozen-thawed embryo transfer(6.54)＞HCG day E2(4.32)level.Notably,there was a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level,with an interaction index(S)of 4.690(95％CI 1.896-11.598),relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)of 4.128(95％CI 2.236-6.019),and attributable propor-tion due to interaction(AP)of 0.661(95％CI 0.536-0.786).Conclusions:Blastocyst transfer,frozen-thawed embryo transfer,and HCG day E2 level are risk factors for monozygotic twins,and there is a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and their interation in the incidence of monozygotic twins dur-ing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:The cohort for this investigation comprised 4537 pa-tients who underwent IVF-ET with single embryo transfer,resulting in live births at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital spanning from January 2011 to December 2021.Among this cohort,76 paitients with monozygotic twins were enrolled in the monozygotic twin group.Employing a 5∶1 propensity score matching strategy,380 patients with monozygotic singletons were enrolled in monozygotic singleton group.Using single fac-tor and Lasso regression analysis to correct for the influencing factors of monozygotic twins,using multiple factor Logistic regression to screen for independent risk factors of monozygotic twins and analyze their impact weights,and then performing multiplication and addition interaction analysis on them.Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)between the two groups of patients in terms of age,fertilization method,assisted hatching,embryo type for transfer,embryo transfer method,embryo culture duration,and HCG day estradiol(E2)level.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that blas-tocyst transfer(OR 2.847,95％CI 1.559-5.199),frozen-thawed embryo transfer(OR 2.640,95％CI 1.354-5.145),and HCG day E2 level(OR 1.783,95％CI 1.033-3.077)were independent risk factors for monozygotic twins(P＜0.05),demonstrating a hierarchical impact sequence of blastocyst transfer(11.60)＞frozen-thawed embryo transfer(6.54)＞HCG day E2(4.32)level.Notably,there was a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level,with an interaction index(S)of 4.690(95％CI 1.896-11.598),relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)of 4.128(95％CI 2.236-6.019),and attributable propor-tion due to interaction(AP)of 0.661(95％CI 0.536-0.786).Conclusions:Blastocyst transfer,frozen-thawed embryo transfer,and HCG day E2 level are risk factors for monozygotic twins,and there is a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and their interation in the incidence of monozygotic twins dur-ing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:The cohort for this investigation comprised 4537 pa-tients who underwent IVF-ET with single embryo transfer,resulting in live births at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital spanning from January 2011 to December 2021.Among this cohort,76 paitients with monozygotic twins were enrolled in the monozygotic twin group.Employing a 5∶1 propensity score matching strategy,380 patients with monozygotic singletons were enrolled in monozygotic singleton group.Using single fac-tor and Lasso regression analysis to correct for the influencing factors of monozygotic twins,using multiple factor Logistic regression to screen for independent risk factors of monozygotic twins and analyze their impact weights,and then performing multiplication and addition interaction analysis on them.Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)between the two groups of patients in terms of age,fertilization method,assisted hatching,embryo type for transfer,embryo transfer method,embryo culture duration,and HCG day estradiol(E2)level.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that blas-tocyst transfer(OR 2.847,95％CI 1.559-5.199),frozen-thawed embryo transfer(OR 2.640,95％CI 1.354-5.145),and HCG day E2 level(OR 1.783,95％CI 1.033-3.077)were independent risk factors for monozygotic twins(P＜0.05),demonstrating a hierarchical impact sequence of blastocyst transfer(11.60)＞frozen-thawed embryo transfer(6.54)＞HCG day E2(4.32)level.Notably,there was a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level,with an interaction index(S)of 4.690(95％CI 1.896-11.598),relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)of 4.128(95％CI 2.236-6.019),and attributable propor-tion due to interaction(AP)of 0.661(95％CI 0.536-0.786).Conclusions:Blastocyst transfer,frozen-thawed embryo transfer,and HCG day E2 level are risk factors for monozygotic twins,and there is a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and their interation in the incidence of monozygotic twins dur-ing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:The cohort for this investigation comprised 4537 pa-tients who underwent IVF-ET with single embryo transfer,resulting in live births at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital spanning from January 2011 to December 2021.Among this cohort,76 paitients with monozygotic twins were enrolled in the monozygotic twin group.Employing a 5∶1 propensity score matching strategy,380 patients with monozygotic singletons were enrolled in monozygotic singleton group.Using single fac-tor and Lasso regression analysis to correct for the influencing factors of monozygotic twins,using multiple factor Logistic regression to screen for independent risk factors of monozygotic twins and analyze their impact weights,and then performing multiplication and addition interaction analysis on them.Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)between the two groups of patients in terms of age,fertilization method,assisted hatching,embryo type for transfer,embryo transfer method,embryo culture duration,and HCG day estradiol(E2)level.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that blas-tocyst transfer(OR 2.847,95％CI 1.559-5.199),frozen-thawed embryo transfer(OR 2.640,95％CI 1.354-5.145),and HCG day E2 level(OR 1.783,95％CI 1.033-3.077)were independent risk factors for monozygotic twins(P＜0.05),demonstrating a hierarchical impact sequence of blastocyst transfer(11.60)＞frozen-thawed embryo transfer(6.54)＞HCG day E2(4.32)level.Notably,there was a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level,with an interaction index(S)of 4.690(95％CI 1.896-11.598),relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)of 4.128(95％CI 2.236-6.019),and attributable propor-tion due to interaction(AP)of 0.661(95％CI 0.536-0.786).Conclusions:Blastocyst transfer,frozen-thawed embryo transfer,and HCG day E2 level are risk factors for monozygotic twins,and there is a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and their interation in the incidence of monozygotic twins dur-ing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:The cohort for this investigation comprised 4537 pa-tients who underwent IVF-ET with single embryo transfer,resulting in live births at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital spanning from January 2011 to December 2021.Among this cohort,76 paitients with monozygotic twins were enrolled in the monozygotic twin group.Employing a 5∶1 propensity score matching strategy,380 patients with monozygotic singletons were enrolled in monozygotic singleton group.Using single fac-tor and Lasso regression analysis to correct for the influencing factors of monozygotic twins,using multiple factor Logistic regression to screen for independent risk factors of monozygotic twins and analyze their impact weights,and then performing multiplication and addition interaction analysis on them.Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)between the two groups of patients in terms of age,fertilization method,assisted hatching,embryo type for transfer,embryo transfer method,embryo culture duration,and HCG day estradiol(E2)level.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that blas-tocyst transfer(OR 2.847,95％CI 1.559-5.199),frozen-thawed embryo transfer(OR 2.640,95％CI 1.354-5.145),and HCG day E2 level(OR 1.783,95％CI 1.033-3.077)were independent risk factors for monozygotic twins(P＜0.05),demonstrating a hierarchical impact sequence of blastocyst transfer(11.60)＞frozen-thawed embryo transfer(6.54)＞HCG day E2(4.32)level.Notably,there was a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level,with an interaction index(S)of 4.690(95％CI 1.896-11.598),relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)of 4.128(95％CI 2.236-6.019),and attributable propor-tion due to interaction(AP)of 0.661(95％CI 0.536-0.786).Conclusions:Blastocyst transfer,frozen-thawed embryo transfer,and HCG day E2 level are risk factors for monozygotic twins,and there is a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and their interation in the incidence of monozygotic twins dur-ing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:The cohort for this investigation comprised 4537 pa-tients who underwent IVF-ET with single embryo transfer,resulting in live births at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital spanning from January 2011 to December 2021.Among this cohort,76 paitients with monozygotic twins were enrolled in the monozygotic twin group.Employing a 5∶1 propensity score matching strategy,380 patients with monozygotic singletons were enrolled in monozygotic singleton group.Using single fac-tor and Lasso regression analysis to correct for the influencing factors of monozygotic twins,using multiple factor Logistic regression to screen for independent risk factors of monozygotic twins and analyze their impact weights,and then performing multiplication and addition interaction analysis on them.Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)between the two groups of patients in terms of age,fertilization method,assisted hatching,embryo type for transfer,embryo transfer method,embryo culture duration,and HCG day estradiol(E2)level.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that blas-tocyst transfer(OR 2.847,95％CI 1.559-5.199),frozen-thawed embryo transfer(OR 2.640,95％CI 1.354-5.145),and HCG day E2 level(OR 1.783,95％CI 1.033-3.077)were independent risk factors for monozygotic twins(P＜0.05),demonstrating a hierarchical impact sequence of blastocyst transfer(11.60)＞frozen-thawed embryo transfer(6.54)＞HCG day E2(4.32)level.Notably,there was a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level,with an interaction index(S)of 4.690(95％CI 1.896-11.598),relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)of 4.128(95％CI 2.236-6.019),and attributable propor-tion due to interaction(AP)of 0.661(95％CI 0.536-0.786).Conclusions:Blastocyst transfer,frozen-thawed embryo transfer,and HCG day E2 level are risk factors for monozygotic twins,and there is a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and their interation in the incidence of monozygotic twins dur-ing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:The cohort for this investigation comprised 4537 pa-tients who underwent IVF-ET with single embryo transfer,resulting in live births at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital spanning from January 2011 to December 2021.Among this cohort,76 paitients with monozygotic twins were enrolled in the monozygotic twin group.Employing a 5∶1 propensity score matching strategy,380 patients with monozygotic singletons were enrolled in monozygotic singleton group.Using single fac-tor and Lasso regression analysis to correct for the influencing factors of monozygotic twins,using multiple factor Logistic regression to screen for independent risk factors of monozygotic twins and analyze their impact weights,and then performing multiplication and addition interaction analysis on them.Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)between the two groups of patients in terms of age,fertilization method,assisted hatching,embryo type for transfer,embryo transfer method,embryo culture duration,and HCG day estradiol(E2)level.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that blas-tocyst transfer(OR 2.847,95％CI 1.559-5.199),frozen-thawed embryo transfer(OR 2.640,95％CI 1.354-5.145),and HCG day E2 level(OR 1.783,95％CI 1.033-3.077)were independent risk factors for monozygotic twins(P＜0.05),demonstrating a hierarchical impact sequence of blastocyst transfer(11.60)＞frozen-thawed embryo transfer(6.54)＞HCG day E2(4.32)level.Notably,there was a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level,with an interaction index(S)of 4.690(95％CI 1.896-11.598),relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)of 4.128(95％CI 2.236-6.019),and attributable propor-tion due to interaction(AP)of 0.661(95％CI 0.536-0.786).Conclusions:Blastocyst transfer,frozen-thawed embryo transfer,and HCG day E2 level are risk factors for monozygotic twins,and there is a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and their interation in the incidence of monozygotic twins dur-ing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods:The cohort for this investigation comprised 4537 pa-tients who underwent IVF-ET with single embryo transfer,resulting in live births at Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital spanning from January 2011 to December 2021.Among this cohort,76 paitients with monozygotic twins were enrolled in the monozygotic twin group.Employing a 5∶1 propensity score matching strategy,380 patients with monozygotic singletons were enrolled in monozygotic singleton group.Using single fac-tor and Lasso regression analysis to correct for the influencing factors of monozygotic twins,using multiple factor Logistic regression to screen for independent risk factors of monozygotic twins and analyze their impact weights,and then performing multiplication and addition interaction analysis on them.Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)between the two groups of patients in terms of age,fertilization method,assisted hatching,embryo type for transfer,embryo transfer method,embryo culture duration,and HCG day estradiol(E2)level.The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that blas-tocyst transfer(OR 2.847,95％CI 1.559-5.199),frozen-thawed embryo transfer(OR 2.640,95％CI 1.354-5.145),and HCG day E2 level(OR 1.783,95％CI 1.033-3.077)were independent risk factors for monozygotic twins(P＜0.05),demonstrating a hierarchical impact sequence of blastocyst transfer(11.60)＞frozen-thawed embryo transfer(6.54)＞HCG day E2(4.32)level.Notably,there was a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level,with an interaction index(S)of 4.690(95％CI 1.896-11.598),relative excess risk due to interaction(RERI)of 4.128(95％CI 2.236-6.019),and attributable propor-tion due to interaction(AP)of 0.661(95％CI 0.536-0.786).Conclusions:Blastocyst transfer,frozen-thawed embryo transfer,and HCG day E2 level are risk factors for monozygotic twins,and there is a significant positive additive interaction between embryo transfer type and HCG day E2 level.

Objective To retrieve relevant literature on risk prediction model for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection among hospitalized patients from databases and evaluate the predictive model. Methods The literature on risk prediction models for MRSA infection among hospitalized patients was retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang data, and VIP database, with a time range from the inception of the database to January 1, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was applied to evaluate the risk of bias and applicability of the prediction model in the literature, and descriptive analysis was conducted. Results A total of 12 articles (15 prediction models) were included in this study, with significant differences in the total sample size, the number of MRSA infection events, sample size of modeling, and sample size of validation among the studies. Common predictors in the prediction models were admission to the intensive care unit, antibiotic use, history of residence in nursing facilities, age, chronic kidney disease, and previous hospitalization history. Nine articles conducted internal validation, and three articles conducted both internal and external validation. Nine articles reported the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and only three articles reported the calibration of the model based on the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. PROBAST analysis showed that 10 articles were assessed as high risk bias, mainly stemming from statistical analysis. Conclusion Most of the MRSA infection risk prediction models in the current literature have good predictive efficacy for MRSA infection, but they all have higher overall risk of bias, and only a few models have undergone external validation. Researchers should follow PROBAST standards to construct and externally validate models in the future so as to develop models suitable for clinical practice.